scholarly journals Determination of the Optimal Value of Resistance Neutral Ground Resistors in 20 kV Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
V.V. Kyryk ◽  
◽  
A.R. Buriak ◽  
M.S. Iskova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Value ◽  
Neutral Ground

scholarly journals A Methodology for Optimal Design of Transmission Lines to Protection against Lightning Surges in Presence of Arresters

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
R. Shariatinasab ◽  
R. Azimi
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Target Number ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Shielding Failure ◽  
Surge Arresters ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Optimal Value

In this paper, a methodology for determination of the optimal value of protection design parameters, i.e. tower footing resistance, insulation strength, and surge arresters’ rating in the planning stage of transmission lines (TLs) is presented. This method calculates the shielding failure flashover rate (SFFOR) of TLs, based on Electro-geometric model (EGM) of TLs, and the back flashover rate (BFR) of TLs, based on the Monte Carlo method, in which the accuracy of the proposed methodology has been verified by comparing the resultant results with those obtained with the use of the IEEE FLASH program. The proposed method can be directly used to achieve the minimum lightning flashover rate (LFOR) of TLs by the minimum investment cost. Also, it can be used, indirectly, for determination of the appropriate value of the footing resistance, insulation strength and arresters’ rating to satisfy any target number of LFOR that might be specified by the utilities or standards.

scholarly journals Determination of digestive proteolytic profile in the larvae of Dyspessa palidata (Staudinger) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
M. Mardani-Talaee ◽  
A. Zibaee
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Cathepsin B ◽  
Posterior Midgut ◽  
Ph Dependency ◽  
Metalloproteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Proteolytic Activities ◽  
Membrane Bound

Digestive proteolytic profile was determined in the larvae of <em>Dyspessa palidata</em> (Staudinger), which is the most important pest of Alliaceae in Europe and Iran. Compartmentalisation of the proteolytic activities by considering soluble and membrane-bound fractions revealed that soluble fractions of the whole midgut preparations had higher general proteolytic activity than membrane-bound fractions. Also, four proteolytic bands were observed in the soluble fraction of the total midgut preparation in electrophoresis. Compartmentalisation of the specific proteases revealed presence of trypsin, elastase, aminoand carboxy peptidases in posterior midgut but the highest activities of other proteases were found in anterior midgut. The highest activity of general protease was found at pHs of 6 and 8. Also, pH dependency of trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase were found at values of 8, 7-8 and 9 but cathepsins had the optimal pH at 6. Exopeptidases showed the optimal value at pH of 7 although carboxypeptidase showed same activity at values of 6 and 7. The inhibitory concentrations 50% (IC<sub>50</sub>) of AEBSF.HCL on trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase proteases were found to be 3.69, 3.31 and 4.09 mM, respectively. IC<sub>50</sub> concentrations of TLCK, SBTI and TPCK significantly inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin activities. IC<sub>50</sub> of E-64 were 3.67 and 4.16 mM on cathepsin B and L but cystatin revealed 5.22 and 4.48 mM concentrations on cathepsin B and L, respectively. EDTA and phenathroline as metalloproteinase inhibitors had IC<sub>50</sub> of 3.25 and 3.91 mM on general proteolytic activity. Results of the current study revealed larvae of <em>D. palidata</em> utilised different proteases to increase digestive efficiency when they fed on the host plants containing several toxic molecules.

Determination of C Parameter of Larson-Miller Equation for 15CrMo Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wei Zhu ◽  
Hong Hui Cheng ◽  
Mei Hua Shen ◽  
Jin Ping Pan
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Optimal Value

A new method of determination of C parameter of Larson-Miller equation was introduced. For 15CrMo steel, the optimal value of parameter C in the equation was derived. The reliability of the obtained results was analyzed.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI KAPASITAS PRODUKSI UKM DENGAN GOAL PROGRAMMING

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Welly Sugianto
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Goal Programming ◽  
Simplex Method ◽  
Target Problem ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Primal Dual ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Calculation Analysis

UKM Jovelyn is a small medium enterprise (SME) that engaged in the field of bakery production. Until now, they produce cakes and cookies. They sell products throughout the Batam area which includes (Tiban market, aviari market, mitra market and puja bahari market), shops, school canteens and so on. The SME targets several things such as profit per month, number of hours worked, number of overtime hours, machine utilities, labor utilities and so forth. Until now, the SME has not been able to reach  the targets because the UKM has not determined the production amount based on the appropriate calculation. The number of products made is determined only on an intuitive basis. Determination of the amount of production cannot be determined by the usual simplex method because the objective function in the usual simplex method contains a target. Problem solving is done by using goal programming. The results of the calculation analysis show that to achieve the optimal value, the SME must produce coconut root cookies, butter cookies, nastar cookies, snow princess cookies and peanut cookies respectively 11.89 kg, 22.43 kg, 24.96 kg , 1.97kg and 0 kg. Sensitivity analysis is carried out after there are changes in conditions that result in changes in the linear program matrix, so the number of products that must be made also changes which include coconut root cookies as much as 12.8 kg, as much as 16.91 kg of butter cookies, nastar cookies as much as 25.7 and the last is 3.39 kg of nut cookies which in the initial calculation, nut cookies were not produced. The sensitivity analysis is not done by recalculation but rather by modifying the matrix and completing iteration with primal dual.

Return bit for ploughing tools

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
I. Liskin ◽  
D. Mironov ◽  
S. Sidorov ◽  
I. Afonina
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Front Edge ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

Plough working elements performing formation cutting are the most loaded important parts, on which quality and economic indicators of ploughing depend. In terms of wear capacity, the difference for certain types of soils in Russia can range from 5 to 15 times. Developed and carried out tests of lemechs with a new, unparalleled in the world practice overhead return bit. Determination of the optimal ratio of the thickness of the cutting edge on the blade part of the front and rear side when installing the blade bit. Bits were made in which the leading edge (initial at operation) had a constant value of 4±2 mm. The rear edge had an optimal value of 6 mm from the experiments. The results of the tests showed that on the most common loam soils in the central regions of Russia, the optimal thickness value is the rear cutting edge, which turns the front edge 1.5–1.7 times. It was found that the cutting edge of the blade on the rear side when ploughing loam soils should exceed the leading edge 1.5–1.7 times in the initial period of operation and be 6–7 mm.

DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL TRANSPORT DISTANCE AND THE RATIONAL SPEED OF THE COMMUNICATION ON THE ROAD

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
Чирков ◽  
E. Chirkov ◽  
Дорохин ◽  
S. Dorokhin ◽  
Скрыпников ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost

This article describes the relevance of road transport under current conditions in the region of a transport hub. Established transit factor, let-conductive to determine the optimal value of the extra-urban transit from the total intensity-sti movement. Submitted economic calculations of the cost of work on transportation, taking into account speed limits. Recommended cost performance of all modes of transport that are formed on the main roads

Parameter Plane Studies of Car-Steering Stability with Combined Lateral and Previewed Error-Sensing by the Driver

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
A. G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Position ◽  
Parameter Plane ◽  
Plane Curves ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lateral Error

Parameter plane curves of the driver's minimum preview distance for stability ( P) versus his gain ( KD) are derived. These curves represent the boundaries for absolute or relative stability of the complete car—driver system. The driver's error input is assumed to be a weighted sum of his lateral position error and predicted error at the preview distance, P. This results in a simple steering strategy which, in simulation studies, will permit the car to be driven on winding roads. Part 1 is restricted to straight roads and compares the parameter plane and gain-crossover theories. Tracking accuracy in a steady turn is improved by a steering strategy in which the driver acts on both the lateral and previewed errors. It is shown that the lateral error becomes zero if the preview, P, equals an optimal value, Pm, depending on the speed and radius of the turn. The stability plots for straight roads are adapted to the determination of stability in turns. A computer simulation of a car driven on a road S-bend provides information on stability, tracking accuracy and optimal preview distances which correlate with the results of the other studies in Part 2.

scholarly journals Actual problems of nuclear medicine in pediatrics (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
A.S. Krylov ◽  
◽  
B.Ya. Narkevich ◽  
A.D. Ryzhkov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Radionuclide Studies ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Current State ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Radionuclide Diagnostics ◽  
Psychological Features

On the basis of literature data and personal experience, the current state and prospects for the development of nuclear medicine in pediatrics are analyzed. The main directions of radionuclide diagnostics and radionuclide therapy in children are briefly considered. The importance of accu-rate determination of the optimal value of the activity of a specific radiopharmaceutical adminis-tered to a child, taking into account his body weight and the study protocol, was noted. A tendency for an increase in the radiation load on patients is shown due to the widespread introduction into clinical practice of hybrid installations for radionuclide studies, when using which the dose of in-ternal radiation from radiopharmaceuticals is supplemented by the dose of external radiation from X-ray CT. The need to take into account the risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis in nu-clear medical procedures, the probability of which in children is significantly higher than in adults, is emphasized. The technological and psychological features of these procedures in children are discussed. The necessity of substantial revision of domestic normative documents regulating the use of means and methods of nuclear medicine in pediatrics has been substantiated.

OPTIMALISASI RESISTANSI FEEDBACK DAN RESISTANSI INPUT PADA PENGUAT INVERTING UNTUK PENGKONDISI SINYAL

JURNAL ELTEK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Eka Mandayatma
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Output Resistance ◽  
Amplifier Circuit ◽  
Differential Input ◽  
Op Amp ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Transfer Function Gain ◽  
Selection Of

Penguatan rangkaian penguat inverting dengan Op Amp ditentukan oleh nilai Resistansi Feedback (Rf) dan Resistansi Input (Rin) dimana penguatan merupakan perbandingan antara Rf dan Rin. Biasanya salah satu nilai (Rf atau Rin) diambil secara bebas. Secara teoritis formula tersebut memperbolehkan memberikan nilai Rf dan Rin berapapun asalkan memenuhi syarat kebutuhan penguatan (Av). Penentuan nilai yang bebas (berapapun) ini sering membingungkan karena secara teori semua nilai bisa diterapkan namun secara praktik dilapangan tidak semua nilai bisa memberikan hasil yang diharapkan. Untuk menghilangkan kebingungan dalam memilih nilai Rf dan Rin yang memenuhi maka perlu ditentukan satu nilai Optimal. Dengan penentuan Rf dan Rin optimal maka dalam satu perencanaan tidak ada nilai yang berbeda-beda dan dipastikan rangkaian penguat bekerja sesuai dengan fungsinya. Nilai Rf dan Rin optimal ditentukan oleh Resistansi Input deferensial (Rid) dan Resistansi Output (Ro) dari IC op Amp yang digunakan dan tergantung pula dengan fungsi alih (penguatan) dari Rangkaian yang direncanakan. Dengan nilai Rf optimal maka rangkaian penguat bisa bekerja dengan baik dan tidak terjadi perbedaan dalam pemilihan resistansi feedback maupun resistansi input. Strengthening the inverting amplifier circuit with the Op Amp is determined by the Feedback Resistance (Rf) and Input Resistance (Rin) where the gain is a comparison between Rf and Rin . Usually one value (Rf or Rin) is taken freely. Theoretically the formula allows giving any value of Rf and Rin as long as it meets the requirements for reinforcement requirements (Av). Determination of free value (whatever) is often confusing because in theory all values can be applied but practically in the field not all values can provide the expected results. To eliminate the confusion in choosing the value of Rf and Rin that meets the need to be determined one Optimal value. With the determination of Rf and Rin optimally in one plan there are no different values and it is certain that the amplifier circuit works according to its function. The optimal Rf and Rin values are determined by the Differential Input (Rid) Resistance and Output Resistance (Ro) of the IC op Amp used and depend also on the transfer function (gain) of the planned Circuit. With the optimal Rf value the amplifier circuit can work properly and there is no difference in the selection of feedback resistance or input resistance.

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