scholarly journals Comparison of Formulas for Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Calculation for Predicting the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Babak Pezeshki ◽  
Mojtaba Golrazeghi ◽  
Sayed Reza Hojati ◽  
Fatemeh Rostamian ◽  
Hadi Raeisi Shahraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Background: The correlation between serum cholesterol level and the risk of developing atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome has been well established in previous studies. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) measurement is conducted using different methods which are generally divided into two groups, namely direct and indirect. Using indirect methods or calculations such as the Friedewald or Iranian formula for measuring LDL, particularly in developing countries, is quite common. The present study has stepped in to compare the robustness of the extant formulas in prognosticating and determining the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the target population was the community of Fasa cohort study. According to the views of the statistical advisor, 9530 people were included in the study and clinical laboratory examinations were done for each person. Their serum LDL level was measured using the existing formulas. Then, the results of the serum LDL level that was computed with different formulas, were compared with both the status of metabolic syndrome and laboratory tests of individuals. Results: The Iranian formula has the highest area under curve, the sensitivity of 0.73, and specificity of 0.77, higher positive and negative predictive values among other formulas. In Friedewald formula, for example, sensitivity and specificity equal 0.28 and 0.80, respectively. After further analysis, two new models proposed for predicting metabolic syndrome. The results revealed that these two models even outperform the Iranian formula. Conclusion: The Iranian formula for plasma LDL calculation has higher precision and application for predicting and measuring the metabolic syndrome in the Iranian population due to its considerable features. It is required to develop a new formula for each population and even for each sex, if possible. [GMJ.2020;9:e1607]

scholarly journals Association among age, gender, menopausal status and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041613
Author(s):  
Toshihide Izumida ◽  
Yosikazu Nakamura ◽  
Yukihiro Sato ◽  
Shizukiyo Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesSmall dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) might be a better cardiovascular disease (CVD) indicator than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); however, details regarding its epidemiology remain elusive. The present study aimed at evaluating the association between the demographic factors, such as age, gender and menopausal status, and sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio in the Japanese population.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.Setting13 rural districts in Japan, 2010–2017.ParticipantsThis study included 5208 participants (2397 men and 2811 women), who underwent the health mass screening that was conducted in accordance with the medical care system for the elderly and obtained informed consent for this study.ResultsIn total, 517 premenopausal women (mean age ±SD, 45.1±4.2 years), 2294 postmenopausal women (66.5±8.8 years) and 2397 men (64.1±11.2 years) were analysed. In men, the sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio increased during younger adulthood, peaked (36.4 mg/dL, 0.35) at 50–54 years, and then decreased. In women, relatively regular increasing trends of sdLDL-C level and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio until approximately 65 years (32.7 mg/dL, 0.28), followed by a downward or pleated trend. Given the beta value of age, body mass index, fasting glucose and smoking and drinking status by multiple linear regression analysis, standardised sdLDL-C levels and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio in 50-year-old men, premenopausal women and postmenopausal women were 26.6, 22.7 and 27.4 mg/dL and 0.24, 0.15 and 0.23, respectively. The differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal women were significant (p<0.001).ConclusionsSdLDL-C and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratios showed different distributions by age, gender and menopausal status. A subgroup-specific approach would be necessary to implement sdLDL-C for CVD prevention strategies, fully considering age-related trends, gender differences and menopausal status.

Cardiac Manifestation among Patients with Hypothyroidism - A Cross-Sectional Study in North Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (26) ◽  
pp. 2283-2287
Author(s):  
Swetha Rajshekar Lakshetty ◽  
Nandini Devru
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND Hypothyroidism is the second most common endocrinopathy next to diabetes mellitus (DM). Hypothyroidism is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Cardiovascular complications are some of the most profound, reproducible and reversible clinical findings associated with thyroid disease1 . Hence this study was undertaken to assess the cardiac dysfunction among patients with hypothyroidism by electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram (ECHO) so as to provide a proper treatment guideline even among milder cases. METHODS This was a cross sectional study carried among 50 new patients of hypothyroidism who presented to Navodaya Hospital, Raichur during 2015 to 2017. They were clinically evaluated and underwent relevant investigations, including thyroid profile estimation, cardiac evaluation using ECG and 2D ECHO. RESULTS Most cases fell in the age group of 31 - 40 years. There was an overall female preponderance (76 %) over all age groups with mean age of 42.02 years. Goiter was found in 8 % of patients, bradycardia and hypertension was seen in 30 % and 22 % respectively. Central nervous system (CNS) examination revealed delayed ankle jerk in 40 % followed by hoarseness of voice in 38 % of patients. Lipid analysis showed increase of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides (TGL) and decrease of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL). Normal ECG was found in 26 % of patients. Bradycardia was most common finding seen in 30 % (15) of patients. 24 % (12) of patients exhibited low voltage complexes. While, 46 % cases showed normal ECHO findings. 24 % of cases presented with pericardial effusion. 18 % cases presented with diastolic dysfunction among which majority were mild. None of the cases had severe diastolic dysfunction. Only a meagre 10 % cases showed intraventricular septum (IVS) thickness. CONCLUSIONS Pericardial effusion was seen among 24 % of patients while diastolic dysfunction was seen in 18 % patients. Thus, any unexplained pericardial effusion should be screened for hypothyroidism. KEYWORDS Hypothyroidism, Cardiac Dysfunction, 2D ECHO, ECG, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

scholarly journals Association between proinsulin, insulin, proinsulin/insulin ratio, and insulin resistance status with the metabolic syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Pivatto ◽  
Patricia Bustos ◽  
Hugo Amigo ◽  
Ana Maria Acosta ◽  
Antonio Arteaga
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) constitutes an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that proinsulin blood levels and the proinsulin/insulin ratio are associated to the MS. The purpose of this study was to compare proinsulin and insulin, insulin resistance index, and the proinsulin/insulin ratio as predictors of MS. This is a cross-sectional study involving 440 men and 556 women with a mean age of 24 years. Diagnosis of MS was made according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Blood levels of insulin and proinsulin were measured, and the insulin resistance status was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The prevalence of MS was 10.1%. HOMA-IR was the best MS risk factor for both women and men (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.68-2.48 and 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13, respectively). HOMA-IR presented the best positive predictive value for MS: 22% and 36% for men and women, respectively, and was the best MS indicator. The proinsulin/insulin ratio did not show significant association with MS. HOMA-IR, proinsulin, and insulin presented good negative predictive values for both genders that could be used to identify an at-risk population.

Autoantibodies against modified apolipoprotein B-100 in relation to low-density lipoprotein size and the metabolic syndrome in otherwise healthy men

Metabolism ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Sjögren ◽  
Gunilla N. Fredrikson ◽  
Magdalena Rosell ◽  
Ulf de Faire ◽  
Anders Hamsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipoprotein Size
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