scholarly journals A Monte Carlo Study on the Shielding Properties of a Novel Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/WO3 Composite, Against Gamma Rays, Using the MCNPX Code

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Kazemi ◽  
S Malekie ◽  
M A Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Monte Carlo Study ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Mass Attenuation

Background : In recent years, there has been an increased interest toward non-lead radiation shields consisting of small-sized filler particles doped into polymer matrices. In this paper, we study a new polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/WO3 composite in the presence of high-energy gamma photons through simulation via the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulation code.Materials and Methods: An MCNP geometry was first designed in the software based on real-life conditions, and the generated geometry was validated by calculating the mass attenuation coefficient and making relative comparisons with standard tables. Using the lattice card in the MCNP input file, WO3 was considered as a filler dispersed in a PVA polymer at sizes of 10 µm and 30 nm with a weight concentration of 50 wt%. By defining 106-photons emitted from point sources corresponding to 662, 778, 964, 1112, 1170, 1130 and 1407 keV energy levels, and the F4 tally used to estimate the cell average flux, the values for mass attenuation coefficient and half-value layer (HVL) were calculated.Results: The results show that PVA/WO3 composite can be considered to shield X and γ-rays in the mentioned energies. However, nano-WO3 has a better ability to shield in comparison with the micro-WO3 fillers. The differences in attenuation changed at different energy levels, ascribed to the dominance of pair production occurrence and photon interactions in the composite, which was in good agreement with previous studies.Conclusion: Our finding showed that the composite can be considered as a lead-free shielding material.

scholarly journals Estimation of the X/γ- ray shielding properties of different glass system using Monte Carlo Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1117-1122
Author(s):  
Ayano Shanko, MD, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Glass System ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shielding Properties ◽  
Mass Attenuation

The aim of the research is to estimate the X-ray shielding properties of different glass systems using Monte Carlo Simulation. X-ray glass is also known as radiation shielding glass. Glass provides protection against the absorption of energy radiation. The shielding layer is formed by a high concentration of lead and barium. The mass attenuation coefficient, the effective atomic number and the effective electron density are used to determine the position of gamma-ray photons in matter. Shield characterization in terms of mass attenuation coefficient (μm), transmission fraction (T), effective atomic numbers (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL) and exposure build-up. factor (EBF) of a glass system is estimated by the Monte Carlo Simulation. The random sampling and statistical analysis are computed using the monte carlo simulation. Various external factors are considered as the input parameters. The different composition of the glass will be examined using the Monte Carlo simulation and the shielding capability would be determined for the various samples.

scholarly journals Photon Shielding Characterization of SiO2-PbO-CdO-TiO2 Glasses for Radiotheraphy Shielding Application

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Idris M. Mustapha ◽  
Atimga B. James ◽  
Sulayman M. Bello
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Photoelectric Effect ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Mass Attenuation

In this study, photon attenuation parameters of (30-x) SiO2–15PbO–10CdO-xTiO2, with x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% mol, were determined and their application as shielding material were discussed. The WinXCOM software was used to determine the mass attenuation coefficient of the studied glasses for the energy range (0.015-15MeV). The mass attenuation coefficient of the glass samples first decline up to 0.09 MeV and slightly increase abruptly and then declined uniformly for all the glasses to approximately zero after about 10 MeV.   The effective atomic number (Zeff) was also calculated for the glass samples and were observe to raise from 0.015 to 0.02 MeV and then decreased between 0.02-5 MeV. On account of the dominance of the photoelectric effect in the low energy region, there was a sudden increase in Zeff at about 0.08 MeV close to the absorption edge of the Pb (0.088 MeV). The rapid increment was observed at 0.1–1.5 MeV by transcending typical Compton scattering interaction at intermediate energies for Zeff'’s and began to decrease in the same form again. The lower Zeff   values were found in low and high energy region for all SPCT glasses. The calculated mean free path, half value layer and tenth value layer values were observe to decline as the TiO2 doping of the glasses increased which accounts for the  three photon interaction mechanisms effectiveness in the variation of MFP and HVL values with energy. It can be concluded that SPCT glasses may be considered an alternative material for radiation shielding practices.

Determination of mass attenuation coefficient for some polymers using Monte Carlo simulation

Vacuum ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Singh ◽  
S.P. Shirmardi ◽  
M.E. Medhat ◽  
N.M. Badiger
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Mass Attenuation

scholarly journals Shielding Properties Enhancement of Bentonite Clay Nano Particles Coated by Polyvinyl Alcohol Polymer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzy Hammad Sallam ◽  
Eman Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Sayed Fahmy Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Omar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Beam Transmission ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Mass Attenuation

Abstract Calcination process is a method used for gamma rays mass attenuation coefficient enhancement of natural bentonite clay nano-particles. This process eliminates water and organic matter from bentonite clay structure which have low mass attenuation coefficient values. There are two opposite effects on mass attenuation coefficient values; oxides content increases after calcination process which enhances mass attenuation coefficient values and particle size of calcinated bentonite increases which decreases mass attenuation coefficient values. In order to enhance mass attenuation coefficient value for natural bentonite, a physical ball milling must introduced after calcination process that decreases particle size. Calcination process is done at 700 ̊C for two hours because dehydration is completed above 500 ˚C while dehydroxylation observed at 700 ˚C. Mass attenuation coefficients are measured for calcinated and ball milled bentonite clay at different energies (662, 1173 and 1332 keV) and different pressing pressures (50, 100 and 150 bar). Narrow beam transmission technique and two different sources (Cs-137 and Co-60) are used for mass attenuation coefficient measurements, also particle size are measured by two different methods dynamic light scattering and Williamson-Hall size analyses using XRD patterns. All samples are coated by polyvinyl alcohol polymer.

Thermal stability, mechanical properties, and gamma radiation shielding performance of polyvinyl chloride/Pb(NO3)2 composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed A. Waly ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdelreheem ◽  
Mohamed M. Shehata ◽  
Omayma A. Ghazy ◽  
Zakaria I. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Mass Attenuation

Abstract Radiation shielding composites based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced with different weight ratios of Pb(NO3)2 (5, 10, and 20 wt%) were prepared using the solution-casting technique. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy, and tensile testing method were used to characterize the PVC composite films. FTIR and XRD investigations illustrate the structural change and modification of the as-prepared PVC composites. The morphological analysis of the composite revealed that Pb(NO3)2 was dispersed uniformly within PVC polymer matrix. TGA revealed that the incorporation of Pb(NO3)2 improved the thermal stability of the investigated composites, whereas adding Pb(NO3)2 to the polymer matrix worsened its tensile properties. The as-prepared composite films were investigated for radiation-shielding of gamma-rays radioactive point sources (241Am, 133Ba, 137Cs, and 60Co). Linear attenuation coefficient (μ, cm−1), mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ, cm2/g), and half-value layer (HVL, cm) have been estimated from the obtained data using the MicroShield program. Reasonable agreement was attended between theoretical and experimental results. The deviation between the experiment and theoretical values of mass attenuation coefficient is being to be lower than 9%, and this can be correlated to the good distribution of Pb(NO3)2. The results revealed that adding Pb(NO3)2 to PVC polymer composites improved their mass attenuation coefficient.

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