scholarly journals The ancient economy, Modernity and the East and West relationship: the contributions of Karl Marx and Max Weber

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 484-505
Author(s):  
Alexandre Galvão Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Old Economy

The work of Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Max Weber (1864-1920) on the economy and society of the ancient world inaugurate a new perspective in relation to the economists of the 18th and 19th centuries and in debates about the old economy locked in Germany in the late 19th century. Different from neoclassical economists and the modernists and primitivism, these authors will defend the thesis of a radical break between the old world and the modern. A discontinuity marked, for Marx, the birth of the capitalist system, and for Weber, of modern capitalism. In addition to this similarity, these thinkers have reinforced the Eurocentric view by stating that the cultural and political roots of modern west lie in Classical Antiquity, reinforcing a tradition of thought of deep rifts between the ancient societies of the East and the societies of the Greco-Roman world, much contested in current historiography.

scholarly journals ECONOMY AS A RELIGIOUS PROBLEM. A POLITICAL APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Fabián Ludueña Romandini
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
Ernst Troeltsch ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article tackles the problem of understanding money and economy with non-economic analytical categories. The first part is devoted to point out the differences between the exclusively economic approaches to money and the recent research, from anthropology to philosophy, that has laid stress on the political and religious aspects of the monetary phenomenon. The second part is focused on Georg Simmel’s fundamental contributions to a philosophical comprehension of money. Finally, a fragment by Walter Benjamin is the point of departure to consider the religious and political aspects of modern capitalism and their relationships with the works of Karl Marx, Ernst Troeltsch and Max Weber.

scholarly journals Makna Kerja Menurut Karl Marx

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-144
Author(s):  
Johanis Hence Raharusun
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
New Perspective

The essay deals with the essential meaning of work according to Karl Marx. The purpose of the essay is to offer a new perspective on the meaning of work based on the thinking of Marx. Based on the literature review, it presents Marx's concept of work that becomes his critique to the objective conditions of workers who experienced degradation in their work. In Marx’s opinion, the workers were alienated from themselves, from their work milieu and social environment because of the capitalist system that only seeks profit for the owner’s capital. Marx emphasized that work is an existential human act because it contains rational, universal, and autonomous values. Work is also a differentiating activity between humans and animals. It becomes a human means of changing nature, it should be regarded as a process of human self-realization and as a means of socializing with others

Commerce in the Dark Ages: A Critique of the Evidence

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Grierson
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
Land Mass ◽  
The Mediterranean

When Pirenne contributed an article entitled ‘Mahomet et Charlemagne’ to the first issue of the Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire in 1922, he can have little realized how the ideas he there put forward were to be developed. His paper was designed as a protest against the traditional and deep-rooted conviction of western scholars that Latin Christendom was the direct and almost the sole heir of classical antiquity. Its argument was the now familiar one that Greco-Roman society survived with little change the shock of the Germanic invasions, and that it was only the appearance of Islam upon the scene that pushed the centre of Latin Christendom away from the Mediterranean and made possible the emergence of a new cultural unit based upon the land mass of western Europe. Medieval Christendom was not a continuation of the Roman world but something new, and Muhammed was a necessary precursor of Charlemagne

scholarly journals Tiny and Fragmented Votive Offerings from Classical Antiquity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Made In ◽  
Votive Offerings

This chapter addresses tiny and fragmented votive offerings from the ancient Greco-Roman world. The first half of the chapter surveys different kinds of votive fragmentation, ranging from objects that were physically ruptured before dedication, to conceptually ‘partial’ offerings like tithes and first fruits. I argue that the deliberate or accidental breakage of votives often paradoxically increased the value and meaning of the offering in the eyes of the community and recipient deity. I also introduce the possibility that all votives might be seen as fragments, insofar as they constitute part of a worshiper’s property or converted wealth (an idea inherent in the ancient concepts of dekatē and aparchē). The second half of the chapter then focuses on one particular type of fragmented votive—the model body part. Tiny body parts made in clay and metal began to be dedicated in the Middle Minoan and then the Archaic Greek periods, and continued to appear alongside the life-sized (or near life-sized) anatomical votives that were a feature of later Hellenistic and Roman ritual. I explore some of the possible resonances of these votives’ tiny sizes, emphasizing how far these miniature objects facilitate (or even demand) intimate touch and handling. Finally, I explore the possibility that the miniature votives in Hellenistic and Roman times may have harkened back to the diminutive offerings of earlier periods, thus functioning as symbols of cultural memory, and tiny generators of nostalgia.

A Legacy that Runs Deep

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-215
Author(s):  
Francesca Trivellato
Keyword(s):  
Jewish History ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Werner Sombart

This chapter focuses on three giants of modern social thought: Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Werner Sombart. In their efforts to define what constituted modern capitalism and how it came into being, each proposed a different role for Jews. Although only Sombart transformed Jews into key actors in the genesis of Western capitalism, all three thinkers appealed to Jews to define how modern capitalism differed from earlier forms of commercialization. As part of this quest, Sombart proposed yet another version of the legend of the Jewish invention of bills of exchange, which figured front and center in his Die Juden und das Wirtschaftsleben (The Jews and Economic Life), a text that most economic historians justly dismiss but that has exerted an enormous, troubling, and—as of late—contradictory influence on the field of Jewish history.

Divination and Human Nature

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Struck
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Observable Fact

This book casts a new perspective on the rich tradition of ancient divination—the reading of divine signs in oracles, omens, and dreams. Popular attitudes during classical antiquity saw these readings as signs from the gods while modern scholars have treated such beliefs as primitive superstitions. The book reveals instead that such phenomena provoked an entirely different accounting from the ancient philosophers. These philosophers produced subtle studies into what was an odd but observable fact—that humans could sometimes have uncanny insights—and their work signifies an early chapter in the cognitive history of intuition. Examining the writings of Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, and the Neoplatonists, the book demonstrates that they all observed how, setting aside the charlatans and swindlers, some people had premonitions defying the typical bounds of rationality. Given the wide differences among these ancient thinkers, the book notes that they converged on seeing this surplus insight as an artifact of human nature, projections produced under specific conditions by our physiology. For the philosophers, such unexplained insights invited a speculative search for an alternative and more naturalistic system of cognition. Recovering a lost piece of an ancient tradition, this book illustrates how philosophers of the classical era interpreted the phenomena of divination as a practice closer to intuition and instinct than magic.

Perspectivas Interdisciplinaridades e Linguagem nas Ciências Humanas

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Alzira Lobo de Arruda Campos
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Michel Serres ◽  
Fernand Braudel

As ciências humanas discutiram a questão da interdisciplinaridade ao longo do século XX. Mas, já no século anterior, figuras notáveis, como Wilhelm Dilthey e Karl Marx, questionavam-se sobre os paradigmas monistas da explicação e da compreensão. Interrogação reproduzida, entre muitos, por Sigmund Freud, Max Weber, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Fernand Braudel, Michel Serres. Em Educação, o grupo de Doutorado em Ciências da Educação, de Paris VIII, há 30 anos adotou a multirreferencialidade como metodologia hegemônica.

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