Effect of heat stress during late gestation on immune function and growth performance of calves: Isolation of altered colostral and calf factors

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary fumaric acid (FA) on growth performance, immune responses, immune organ index and antioxidant status in broilers under chronic heat stress (HS). A total of 200 21-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two diets (basal diet or 10 g/kg FA diet) and two temperatures (thermoneutral or HS) for 21 days. On day 42, growth performance, immune organ index, immune function and antioxidative ability were determined. HS resulted in a significant reduction in final body weight (FBW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), antibody titres against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Newcastle disease virus, IgM, IgG, relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius, but a significant increase in the feed conversion ratio (FCR), activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the bursa, contents of malondialdehyde and total carbonyl (TC) in thymus and bursa (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of FA increased FBW, ADFI, ADG, antibody titres against SRBC, IgG, relative weights of spleen and bursa, activity of GPx in thymus and bursa, whereas it decreased the FCR and TC of thymus and bursa. These results suggest that dietary 10 g/kg FA had positive effects on growth performance and immune function through improving the antioxidative capacity of immune organs.

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Long-term impacts of late-gestation maternal heat stress on growth performance, blood hormones and metabolites of newborn calves independent of maternal reduced feed intake

Domestic Animal Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

pp. 106433

Author(s):

S.M.M. Seyed. Almoosavi ◽

T. Ghoorchi ◽

A.A. Naserian ◽

S.S. Ramezanpor ◽

M.H. Ghaffari

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Newborn Calves ◽

Blood Hormones

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Effect of late-gestation maternal heat stress on growth and immune function of dairy calves

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2012-5697 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 95 (12) ◽

pp. 7128-7136 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

S. Tao ◽

A.P.A. Monteiro ◽

I.M. Thompson ◽

M.J. Hayen ◽

G.E. Dahl

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Immune Function ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Dairy Calves

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PSXIV-24 Immune function and growth performance in beef calves supplemented during backgrounding with live yeast and yeast cell wall in combination with supplemented dams

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.879 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 446-447

Author(s):

Reagan Cauble ◽

Elizabeth Palmer ◽

Jeremy Powell ◽

Matthew Cravey ◽

Jana Reynolds ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Yeast Cell ◽

Immune Function ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Yeast Cell Wall ◽

Beef Calves ◽

Yeast Product ◽

And Performance ◽

Live Yeast

Abstract Live yeast and yeast cell wall products potentially improve health and performance in cattle during the stocker and feedlot phases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate yeast-product supplementation during late gestation through 88 d of age, and(or) a 42-d backgrounding period on immune function and growth performance. Late gestation cows (n = 97) were assigned randomly to treatment: 1) supplement without yeast (CON) or 2) supplement with yeast products (YP). At weaning, calves from each dam treatment (CON or YP) were pooled by dam treatment and stratified based on BW, sex, dam parity, and sire and split into 8 pens within dam treatment. Pens were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 backgrounding treatments (CON or YP) such that a total of 4 pens/treatment existed. Treatments included: 1) dam YP, calf YP, 2) dam YP, calf CON, 3) dam CON, calf YP, and 4) dam CON, calf CON. Calves were fed 2 kg/d of grain and yeast (5 g/d) was provided in a top-dress (ground corn plus YP). Weaning weights (P = 0.99) and backgrounding ADG (P = 0.29) did not differ. Total ruminal VFA concentrations, sampled on d 0 and 42 post-weaning, were increased in calves from dams supplemented with YP (P = 0.04). There were no effects of treatment (P ≥ 0.32) on molar proportions of acetate and propionate. Haptoglobin (P ≥ 0.49) and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (P ≥ 0.46) were not influenced by treatment but were affected by day (P < 0.01). While there was no effect of YP (P = 0.73) on BVD titers, there was a day effect (P < 0.01) where titers were greatest on d 28 and least on d 0. Post-weaning yeast supplementation in combination with dam supplementation did not improve calf immune function or performance during a 42-d backgrounding period.

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Depression of leukocyte protein synthesis, immune function and growth performance induced by high environmental temperature in broiler chickens

International Journal of Biometeorology ◽

10.1007/s00484-017-1342-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

pp. 1637-1645 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Nancy N. Kamel ◽

Ayman M. H. Ahmed ◽

Gamal M. K. Mehaisen ◽

Magdi M. Mashaly ◽

Ahmed O. Abass

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Immune Function ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

High Environmental Temperature

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216 Thermoregulatory and physiological responses of sows at different reproductive stages exposed to increasing ambient temperature

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 7-7

Author(s):

Betty R McConn ◽

Alan W Duttlinger ◽

Kouassi R Kpodo ◽

Jacob M Maskal ◽

Brianna N Gaskill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Respiratory Alkalosis ◽

Stress Sensitivity ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Study Objective ◽

Cell Counts

Abstract Pregnant sows, especially during late-gestation, may be susceptible to heat stress due to increased metabolic heat production and body mass. Therefore, the study objective was to determine the thermoregulatory and physiological responses of sows exposed to increasing ambient temperature (TA) at 3 reproductive stages. In 3 repetitions, 27 multiparous sows (parity 3.22±0.89) were individually housed and had jugular catheters placed 5.0±1.0 d prior to the experiment. To differentiate between reproductive stages, sows were categorized as open (not pregnant, n=9), mid-gestation (59.7±9.6 days pregnant, n=9), or late-gestation (99.0±4.8 days pregnant, n=9). During the experiment, sows were exposed to 6 consecutive 1 h periods of increasing TA (period 1, 14.39±2.14°C; period 2, 16.20±1.39°C; period 3, 22.09±1.87°C; period 4, 26.34±1.39°C; period 5, 30.56±0.81°C; period 6, 35.07±0.96°C), with 1 h transition phases in between each period. Respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), skin temperature, and vaginal temperature (TV) were measured every 20 min and the mean was calculated for each period. At the end of each period, blood gases, leukocytes, and red blood cell counts were measured. Overall, RR and HR were greater (P≤0.04; 45.6% and 12.9%, respectively) in late-gestation versus mid-gestation sows. Compared to mid-gestation and open sows, TV tended to be greater (P=0.06) during period 4 (0.18°C and 0.29°C, respectively) and period 5 (0.14°C and 0.18°C, respectively) in late-gestation sows. Blood O2 increased (P< 0.01; 18.1%) for all sows with advancing period, regardless of reproductive stage. Late-gestation sows had reduced (P=0.02; 16.1%) blood CO2 compared to mid-gestation sows, regardless of period. In summary, late-gestation sows appear to be more sensitive to increasing TA as indicated by increased RR, HR, TV, and blood O2, and reduced blood CO2 when compared to mid-gestation or open sows. This change in O2 and CO2, due to increasing RR and heat stress sensitivity of late-gestation sows, may suggest an alteration to the acid-base balance, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

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