Ruminal biohydrogenation and abomasal flow of fatty acids in lactating cows fed diets supplemented with soybean oil, whole soybeans, or calcium salts of fatty acids

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WC) and/or calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on dry matter intake (DMI), performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals receiving a high-concentrate diet during the finishing phase. On day 0, 96 Nellore bulls were blocked according to initial shrunk body weight (BW; 302 ± 26.7 kg) into group pens (4 animals/pen) and, within blocks, pens were randomly assigned to receive: 1) 15% of WC and 2% of CSFA [dry matter (DM) basis] of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (15WC; n = 6), 2) 10% of WC and 3% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (10WC; n = 6), 3) 5% of WC and 4% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (5WC; n = 6), and 4) 0% of WC and 5% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (0WC; n = 6). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isolipidic. Experimental period lasted 108 days, whereas dry matter intake (DMI) was evaluated daily and blood samples and carcass measurements were obtained on days 0, 55, and 108 of the study. Upon slaughter on day 109, steaks were collected for determination of the chemical and fatty acid (FA) profile of the meat. No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.35) were observed on DMI, performance, average daily gain (ADG), carcass ultrasound measurements, and chemical variables of the steak. Nonetheless, including WC into the diets increased C12:0, C16:0, C16:1 trans-9, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9,cis-12, C18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15, saturated, and unsaturated FA intake (P < 0.01). Moreover, adding WC increased DMI fluctuation and feed efficiency (P = 0.03), but decreased marbling (P ≤ 0.03). A treatment × day interaction was observed (P < 0.01) for serum leptin concentration, as 10WC animals had greater leptin concentration on d 103 vs. other treatments (P < 0.01). Regarding steak FA profile, WC addition into the diet increased C18:2 cis-7,trans-9 and C18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 (P < 0.001), whereas saturated FA was quadratically affected (P = 0.02) and unsaturated FA was reduced for 15WC (P < 0.04). In summary, increasing levels of CSFA into isolipidic finishing diets containing WC did not negatively impact feedlot performance, but reduced feed efficiency and increased marbling scores of Bos indicus bulls, demonstrating its feasibility as a technology to improve carcass traits of low-marbling animals.

Download Full-text

WPSI-2 Calcium salts of medium-chain fatty acids supplementation increased milk production and changed plasma hormone concentration in mid-lactating cows.

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/sky404.1118 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽

pp. 511-511

Author(s):

S Ishimaru ◽

T Haunuma ◽

K Kawashima ◽

T Yamaguchi ◽

S Asakuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Production ◽

Hormone Concentration ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Plasma Hormone ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Download Full-text

Milk production and milk composition of dairy cows fed Lac100® or whole flaxseed

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a04-088 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 413-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

F. B. Cavalieri ◽

G. T. Santos ◽

M. Matsushita ◽

H. V. Petit ◽

L. P. Rigolon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Key Words ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽

Calcium Salts

Cows were fed whole flaxseed or calcium salts of soybean oil as a fat source. Cows fed flaxseed had lower (P < 0.01) milk yield and higher (P < 0.01) percentages of fat and protein than cows fed calcium salts. Feeding whole flaxseed and calcium salts of soybean oil increased, respectively, the concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in milk. Key words: Flaxseed, fatty acids, fat supplement

Download Full-text

Effect of different forms of polyunsaturated fatty acids on duodenal and serum fatty acid profiles in sheep

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas94-087 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 595-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

F. Enjalbert ◽

M. C. Nicot ◽

D. Griess ◽

M. Vernay ◽

R. Moncoulon

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Vaccenic Acid ◽

Soy Oil ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Serum Fatty Acid ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Physical Form ◽

Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Four sheep cannulated in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 × 4 cross-over design to investigate the effects of ruminal fatty acid (FA) infusion on duodenal and serum FA profiles. The diets were composed of 85.7% natural grassland hay and 8.6% concentrate supplemented with 5.7% soy oil for diet SO, 5.7% emulsified soy oil for diet ESO, 6.7% calcium salts of soy or palm FA for diets CaSSO and CaSP, respectively. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic; total FA content in dry matter was 6.4–6.6%. Characteristics of ruminal fermentation were not affected by source or physical form of FA. The proportion of stearic acid in the duodenal flow (% of the total C18) was high compared with total diet, e.g., 49.8 vs. 3.5 and 54.3 vs. 9.4% for soy and palm diets, respectively. Ruminal biohydrogenation and unsaturated FA was lower for CaS diets than for SO and ESO diets (48.7 and 60.9 vs. 81.2 and 94.7%, for oleic and linoleic acids, respectively). As a result, trans-vaccenic acid levels in duodenal flow and serum (% or total FA) were lower for the CaS diets than for SO and ESO diets (8.3 vs. 36.0% and 0.9 vs. 7.8%, respectively). Unsaturated FA as CaS were partly protected against ruminal biohydrogenation, and can be effective in increasing intestinal absorption of unsaturated FA. Key words: Unsaturated fatty acids, soy oil, calcium salts, biohydrogenation, sheep

Download Full-text

Blood Parameters of Lactating Cows Fed Calcium Salts as Energetic Source

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.88161 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

William Del Conte Martins ◽

Sérgio Henrique Mioso Cunha ◽

André Giarola Boscarato ◽

Jonathan Soares De Lima ◽

Jair Dario Esteves Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Calcium Acetate ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Energetic Balance ◽

T1 And T2

Background: The negative energetic balance of lactating cows that occurs during the few weeks postpartum shifts the hormonal profile of the animal. These alterations may lead to metabolic disturbance as ketosis and lipid infiltration. Hypocalcemia is another metabolic problem that occurs in the peripartum period, it is characterized by the reduction in blood levels of calcium (Ca2+) near birth. Blood parameters illustrates the nutritional status of milking cows. The serum levels of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and cholesterol are parameters that reveal liver condition and it is very important for the metabolism of milking cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate three additives in the form of a calcium salts on blood parameters of lactating cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Two Latin square 4x4 were used, whereas one comprehended of early lactation cows and the other of mid lactation cows. Animals of 2nd and 3rd parity were used only. Parity was distributed evenly among groups. The trial consisted of 4 groups with 4 treatments as follow: T1: 300 g of calcium acetate, T2: 200 g of calcium propionate, T3: 200 g of calcium salts of fatty acids, and T4: control without any calcium additive. Blood samples were collected for analysis of serial calcium, glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and cholesterol. The calcium levels were higher in T1 than T3 in early lactation. There was no significant difference of glucose levels between groups. Groups T1 and T2 had lower amounts of BHBA. Cholesterol was higher in T3 and T1 in the early lactation and just in T3 was higher in the mid lactation.Discussion: Adjust the Ca2+ flow due to high feed consumption and milk production near birth is a big challenge for milking cows due to the difficulties to maintain normal serial levels of Ca2+ in the early lactation. The lower serial levels of Ca2+ in the group supplemented with calcium salts of fatty acids is due to its physical characteristics that reduces its effects on ruminal microbiota and also reduced absorption of fatty acids in intestine. The evaluation of total cholesterol can be a parameter to judge the productive capacity of milking cows, because it demonstrates the capacity of corporal fat mobilization and ingestion of energy to produce milk. An increase of total cholesterol in cows supplemented with calcium salts of fatty acids is justified by the higher intake of fatty acids in the feed containing fat, which leads to a greater lipid metabolism in blood. As the literature has limited information about calcium acetate, it is believed that the animals supplemented with calcium acetate showed higher levels of cholesterol because the acetate is converted to Acetyl coenzime A, it is the basis for cholesterol biosynthesis in lactating cows. The BHBA can be considered as an indicator of negative energetic balance due to its correlation between energetic demand and energy reserves. As propionate is produced by ruminal fermentation and is the principal source for gluconeogenesis in peripartum cows, it lowered level of BHBA in the propionate supplemented group. The acetate availability is fundamental to attend the energetic requirements of lactating cows. The acetate enters in the synthesis of fatty acids as Acetyl coenzyme-A or enters in Krebs cycle through condensation with oxaloacetate, this explains the lower serial levels of BHB in group T1. It was concluded that T1 and T2 lowered the values of BHBA in early lactation cows and the animals supplemented with calcium salts of fatty acids and calcium acetate shower higher levels of cholesterol in early lactation and the T3 group in the mid lactation.

Download Full-text

Ruminal Biohydrogenation in Holstein Cows Fed Soybean Fatty Acids as Amides or Calcium Salts

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73249-x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 1038-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

F.P. Lundy ◽

E. Block ◽

W.C. Bridges ◽

J.A. Bertrand ◽

T.C. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Download Full-text

Ruminal biohydrogenation and abomasal flow of fatty acids in lactating cows: Oilseed provides ruminal protection for fatty acids

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 219 ◽

pp. 111-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Rafael V. Barletta ◽

Jefferson R. Gandra ◽

Vitor P. Bettero ◽

Cybelle E. Araújo ◽

Tiago A. Del Valle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Download Full-text

Soybean oil and calcium salts of fatty acids as fat sources for Holstein dairy cows in transition period

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402014000100012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 83-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽

Jose Esler de Freitas Junior ◽

Milton Maturna Filho ◽

Rafael Villela Barletta ◽

Lenita Camargo Verdurico ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Transition Period ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

Glutamyl Transferase

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of using different lipid sources in diets for dairy cows during the transition period and early lactation on productive performance and physiological parameters in Holstein cows. The cows were fed with the following diets: 1) control; 2) Refined soybean oil; 3) Calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids (Megalac-E). Diets were formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of cows during the pre-partum and postpartum period. The experimental diets affected the dry matter intake, body weight, body condition score, and energy balance in the postpartum period. The experimental diets did not affect the biochemical parameters in serum: glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, serum urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, also not being observed differences between the contrasts analyzed. The lipid sources soybean oil and calcium salts not directly influence the plasmatic physiological parameters of dairy cows in the period transition. But, fat supplementation in the transition period resulted in a better metabolic status and productive performance, mainly improving energy balance post-partum

Download Full-text