A Study on the Influence of RSPO and RTRS in Indian Market

This paper strives to study the presence and impact of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and Roundtable on Responsible Soy (RTRS) in India today. The reason for choosing these two roundtables is - India is one of the significant producers of soy oil and is one of the largest markets for palm oil globally. With the roundtables being established keeping in mind the case of sustainability for the procurement and usage of soy oil and palm oil, and India playing a major role in both, it becomes extremely important to study how sustainable the Indian market is in terms of product manufacturing and usage involving soy oil and palm oil. The previous papers have done an extensive study on RSPO in India, the global presence, and the impact of RTRS. They have a lot of quantitative and qualitative data regarding the presence of RTRS and RSPO. However, a gap exists, as RSPO and RTRS have not been analyzed together in the Indian context. Thus, this gap shall be addressed in this paper- we attempt to analyze the latest RTRS and RSPO in India by referencing previous papers and looking up the public domain for recent information specific to RSPO and RTRS in India. This paper is a literature review of previous papers on RSPO in Indian reference and RTRS and adds updated information. A comparative analysis of the presence of RSPO and RTRS in India is also added. Both RSPO and RTRS have a lot to increase their influence in the Indian market- especially RTRS. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing the influence and opens further discussion on implementing the recommendations and alternative recommendations, if any, in the future.

Postharvest coatings of ‘apple’ banana fruits

Banana is a fruit of great importance for Brazilian agribusiness, in terms of consumption by the Brazilian population, second only to orange. Correct handling after harvesting is decisive to favor the longevity of the fruits during marketing, reducing losses caused by mechanical damage and poor packaging. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of seven post-harvest coatings on apple banana fruits. The experiment was carried out in a phytotechnic laboratory, using a completely randomized design with five replications. Each parcel consisted of a bouquet with three units of fruit. The treatments evaluated were: T1 = 28% sucupira extract solution; T2 = 57% sucupira extract solution; T3: 14% moringa extract solution; T4 = 9% grape oil solution, T5 = 14% coconut oil solution, T6 = 14% soy oil solution, T7 = 14% wax solution and T8 = Control (no coating applied). Beeswax provided the smallest losses in length, fruit diameter, and loss of fresh fruit mass during the storage period. The sucupira and moringa extracts provided the highest levels of soluble solids at the end of storage, and all coatings used in the post-harvest treatment of bananas reduced the ripening of the fruit.

Production and Physicochemical Properties of Cake with Different Ratios of Soy Lecithin

This research was geared towards producing and evaluating the physicochemical properties of cake with different ratios of soy lecithin. Soy lecithin was produced by the degumming of raw soy oil by adding 2% water content to the oil and heating to 70oC. Soy oil yield was 31% while lecithin yield was 2.18%. The soy lecithin produced had a yellow-brownish colour. Mixture design was used for the experiment. The soy lecithin was used to replace 50% and 100% egg content in two different cake samples while a third sample had no lecithin. The first sample was made up of 250g wheat flour, 100g Margarine, 65g sugar, 5g baking powder, 2 eggs, 1.25g soy lecithin and 2g salt (MEL2), the second sample was made up of 250g wheat flour, 80g Margarine, 65g sugar, 5g baking powder, 2.5g soy lecithin and 2g salt (MEL3) while the third sample was made up of 250g wheat flour, 100g Margarine, 65g sugar, 5g baking powder, 4 eggs and 2g salt (MEL1). The margarine content of sample MEL3 was reduced by 20%. The physical properties of the cake samples were examined and sample MEL2 gave a better physical appeal than the other samples after baking. The specific volume of sample MEL2 (4.21cm3) was higher than those of samples MEL1 and MEL3. The proximate composition of the samples showed that the moisture content ranged from 32.9 – 34.1%, protein content 5.89 – 6.14%, ash content 1.61 – 1.64%, fat content 14.5 – 15.3% and carbohydrate 43.09 – 44.85%. Sensory evaluation was carried out on the samples to determine the most acceptable and analysis of variance was used to check for significant difference. Sample MEL2 was preferred in taste, colour, texture, flavour and general acceptability and was significantly different from samples MEL1 and MEL3 in general acceptability. It was observed that egg and some fat content in cakes could be replaced with soy lecithin. This study forms a basis for new product development for the pastry food industry.

Modified Black Soldier Fly Larva Fat in Broiler Diet: Effects on Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Parameters, Histomorphological Features and Gut Microbiota

In this study, a total of 200 male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were assigned to four dietary treatments (5 pens/treatment and 10 birds/pen) for two feeding phases: starter (0–11 days of age) and grower-finisher (11–33 days of age). A basal diet containing soy oil (SO) as added fat was used as control group (C), tested against three experimental diets where the SO was partially substituted by BSF larvae fat (BSF) or one of two types of modified BSF larvae fat (MBSF1 and MBSF2, respectively). The two modified BSF larvae fats had a high and low ratio of monobutyrin to monoglycerides of medium chain fatty acid, respectively. Diet did not influence the growth or slaughter performance, pH, color, or the chemical composition of breast and thigh muscles, gut morphometric indices, or histopathological alterations in all the organs. As far as fecal microbiota are concerned, MBSF1 and MBSF2 diets reduced the presence of Clostridium and Corynebacterium, which can frequently cause infection in poultry. In conclusion, modified BSF larva fat may positively modulate the fecal microbiota of broiler chickens without influencing the growth performance and intestinal morphology or showing any adverse histopathological alternations.

Offset printing results analysis of different based inks in cardboard packaging production

The main raw material of paper and cardboard used in packaging is cellulose. Cardboard packages made of cardboard, which can be produced in much different quality and weight, are obtained in numerous shapes and appearances 1, 2 . Paper and cardboard packaging are among the most economical packaging types. Using less raw materials, more durable but thin, light, economical cardboard is produced 2, 3 . In this study, under equal printing conditions, test prints were made on cardboard substrates (for cardboard packaging) with mineral oil based, vegetable oil (soy oil) based and UV cured inks used for the printing of the same images. After these prints, the properties of mineral oil, vegetable oil and UV ink; the effect on the print results was measured from different ways (Chroma*, Print density, unprinted surface Gloss 75°, Print Gloss 60°). At the same time, the visual differences between the print results were determined by the optical imaging (SEM) method and were examined by the elemental analysis method.

Changes in Fatty Acid Dietary Profile Affect the Brain–Gut Axis Functions of Healthy Young Adult Rats in a Sex-Dependent Manner

Dietary modifications, including those affecting dietary fat and its fatty acid (FA) composition, may be involved in the development of brain–gut axis disorders, with different manifestations in males and females. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of three purified diets with different FA composition on the brain–gut axis in rats of both sexes. Male and female Wistar rats fed a cereal-based standard diet from weaning were used. At young adult age (2–3 months old), animals were divided into three groups and treated each with a different refined diet for 6 weeks: a control group fed on AIN-93G diet containing 7% soy oil (SOY), and two groups fed on AIN-93G modified diets with 3.5% soy oil replaced by 3.5% coconut oil (COCO) or 3.5% evening primrose oil (EP). Different brain–gut axis parameters were evaluated during 4–6 weeks of dietary intervention. Compared with SOY diet (14% saturated FAs, and 58% polyunsaturated FAs), COCO diet (52.2% saturated FAs and 30% polyunsaturated FAs) produced no changes in brain functions and minor gastrointestinal modifications, whereas EP diet (11.1% saturated FAs and 70.56% polyunsaturated FAs) tended to decrease self-care behavior and colonic propulsion in males, and significantly increased exploratory behavior, accelerated gastrointestinal transit, and decreased cecum and fecal pellet density in females. Changes in FA composition, particularly an increase in ω-6 polyunsaturated FAs, seem to facilitate the development of brain–gut axis alterations in a sex-dependent manner, with a relatively higher risk in females.

Clove Oil Protects β-Carotene in Oil-in-Water Emulsion against Photodegradation

β-Carotene degrades rapidly in a 2% oil-in-water emulsion, made from food-grade soy oil with 7.4 mg β-carotene/mL oil, during storage and when exposed to light. Added clove oil (2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 µL/mL of emulsion) protects against the photodegradation of β-carotene, regardless of the ratio between clove oil and β-carotene in the concentration range studied, suggesting that the regeneration of β-carotene is caused by eugenol, the principal plant phenol of clove oil to occur in the oil-water interface. Therefore, clove oil in low concentrations may find use as a natural protectant of provitamin A in enriched foods during retail display.