scholarly journals Gain and loss of subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissue depot mass of German Holstein dairy cows with different body conditions during the transition period

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 12015-12032
Author(s):  
G. Szura ◽  
S. Schäfers ◽  
D. von Soosten ◽  
U. Meyer ◽  
J. Klüß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gain And Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depot ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Ultrasonographic measurement of liver, portal vein, hepatic vein and perivisceral adipose tissue in high-yielding dairy cows with fatty liver during the transition period

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Fiore ◽  
Laura Perillo ◽  
Massimo Morgante ◽  
Elisabetta Giudice ◽  
Barbara Contiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Lipid Content ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Condition Score

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential for diagnosis of fatty liver by means of ultrasonographic measurement of liver and perivisceral adipose tissue as an alternative to blood indicators of lipomobilization and liver biopsy in periparturient high-yielding dairy cows. Thirty cows were enrolled and divided into two groups. The evaluation of body condition score (BCS), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), liver and perivisceral adipose tissue ultrasonographic measurement and histological liver lipid content (GdL) was performed at 15 ± 5 d prepartum (T0), 10 ± 2 d postpartum (T1), 30 ± 2 d postpartum (T2) and 50 ± 2 d postpartum (T3). Mesenteric fat thickness (the thickness of the perivascular adipose tissue) measured on ultrasound was shown to be an independent determinant of fatty liver. The cut-off of the ultrasonographic evaluation of the liver may be useful as a first and practical approach in identifying fatty liver. In conclusion, a non-invasive and reliable diagnostic method for predicting the risk of fatty liver in high yielding dairy cows has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Relationship between expression pattern of vitamin D receptor, 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, and chemokine RANTES genes and selected serum parameters during transition period in Holstein dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000339
Author(s):  
Hala A R Saed ◽  
Hussam M M Ibrahim ◽  
Sabry A El-Khodery ◽  
Mohamed A Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Genetic Expression ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of genetic expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) enzyme and chemokine regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in peripheral blood of Holstein dairy cows during transition period.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 16 Holstein dairy cows at 3 weeks prior expected date of delivery (EDD), at the day of parturition, and 3 weeks post-partum for assessment of expression profile of studied genes using real-time PCR and measurement of glucose, ionized calcium (Ca), parathyroid hormone (PTH), inorganic phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and magnesium (Mg) levels.ResultsCompared with 3 weeks prior EDD, VDR gene expression decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The genetic expression of 1α-OHase enzyme as well as PTH, K, Na and Cl levels increased significantly at the day of parturition. The Ca level decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The P level increased significantly at the day of parturition then decreased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. Glucose level decreased significantly at the day of parturition and at 3 weeks post-partum. RANTES gene expression showed non-significant changes among the three different time points. The expression of VDR gene had a negative correlation with the expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene, and serum levels of glucose, PTH, P and K, but had a positive correlation with the serum Ca level. The expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene had a positive correlation with serum levels of PTH, P and K, but had a negative correlation with the serum Ca level.ConclusionsResults of the current study indicate the importance of monitoring the genetic expression of VDR and 1α-OHase enzyme as indicators of metabolic changes during transition period, suggesting that they are candidate genes to judge the health status of dairy cows during such period.

Prepartal dietary energy alters transcriptional adaptations of the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue of dairy cows during the transition period

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 328-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selim ◽  
S. Salin ◽  
J. Taponen ◽  
A. Vanhatalo ◽  
T. Kokkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Overfeeding during the dry period may predispose cows to increased insulin resistance (IR) with enhanced postpartum lipolysis. We studied gene expression in the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 16 Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows fed either a controlled energy diet [Con, 99 MJ/day metabolizable energy (ME)] during the last 6 wk of the dry period or high-energy diet (High, 141 MJ/day ME) for the first 3 wk and then gradually decreasing energy allowance during 3 wk to 99 MJ/day ME before the expected parturition. Tissue biopsies were collected at −10, 1, and 9 days, and blood samples at −10, 1, and 7 days relative to parturition. Overfed cows had greater dry matter, crude protein, and ME intakes and ME balance before parturition. Daily milk yield, live weight, and body condition score were not different between treatments. The High cows tended to have greater plasma insulin and lower glucagon/insulin ratio compared with Con cows. No differences in circulating glucose, glucagon, nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, and hepatic triglyceride contents were observed between treatments. Overfeeding compared with Con resulted in lower CPT1A and PCK1 and a tendency for lower G6PC and PC expression in the liver. The High group tended to have lower RETN expression in SAT than Con. No other effects of overfeeding on the expression of genes related to IR in SAT were observed. In conclusion, overfeeding energy prepartum may have compromised hepatic gluconeogenic capacity and slightly affected IR in SAT based on gene expression.

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