Symposium review: Modulating adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling to improve immune function during the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows

Introduction: Hormonal and metabolic changes, as well as energy imbalance, can affect health, production and reproductive performance of dairy cows. In the present study, we evaluated phagocytosis and respiratory burst neutrophil activity during the transition period and early lactation and compared it with biochemical and hematological parameters in dairy cows. Methodology: Simmental cows (n = 21) were enrolled in the study. Whole blood samples were collected weekly from 3 weeks pre- calving until 6 weeks post calving. Basic metabolic and blood parameters were assessed by routine laboratory analyses, while neutrophil functions were analyzed by commercial test kits. Results: Optimal neutrophil response was observed pre and post calving. The highest value was recorded in the 6th week after calving (89.54 ± 7.61%) and being significantly higher (p < 0.01) as compared to values recorded at two and one week before and one week after calving. The percentage of activated neutrophils was high during the entire study period: from 70.80 ± 5.22% at the beginning of the study to 89.54 ± 7.61% at the end of the study. During the study period, production of Reactive Oxidative Species by neutrophils was positively correlated with β-hydroxybutyrat and non-esterified fatty acids values (0.454** and 0.423**, respectively) and calcium levels (0.164* and 0.212**, respectively). Conclusions: The most prominent changes in all parameters had no influence on phagocytic and respiratory burst activity of neutrophils. Neutrophil function is preserved at the optimal level during the transition period and early lactation in Simmental cows.

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Adipose tissue progesterone concentrations in dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation

Animal Reproduction Science ◽

10.1016/0378-4320(96)01468-6 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 15-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

H. Hamudikuwanda ◽

G. Gallo ◽

E. Block ◽

B.R. Downey

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Early Lactation

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Short communication: Effects of body fat mobilization on macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue of early lactation dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2017-14318 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 101 (8) ◽

pp. 7608-7613 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jenne De Koster ◽

Clarissa Strieder-Barboza ◽

Jonas de Souza ◽

Adam L. Lock ◽

G. Andres Contreras

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Fat ◽

Short Communication ◽

Macrophage Infiltration ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Fat Mobilization ◽

Communication Effects

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Ultrasonographic measurement of liver, portal vein, hepatic vein and perivisceral adipose tissue in high-yielding dairy cows with fatty liver during the transition period

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029918000754 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (4) ◽

pp. 431-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Enrico Fiore ◽

Laura Perillo ◽

Massimo Morgante ◽

Elisabetta Giudice ◽

Barbara Contiero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Transition Period ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Liver Lipid ◽

Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽

Liver Lipid Content ◽

Mesenteric Fat ◽

Condition Score

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential for diagnosis of fatty liver by means of ultrasonographic measurement of liver and perivisceral adipose tissue as an alternative to blood indicators of lipomobilization and liver biopsy in periparturient high-yielding dairy cows. Thirty cows were enrolled and divided into two groups. The evaluation of body condition score (BCS), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), liver and perivisceral adipose tissue ultrasonographic measurement and histological liver lipid content (GdL) was performed at 15 ± 5 d prepartum (T0), 10 ± 2 d postpartum (T1), 30 ± 2 d postpartum (T2) and 50 ± 2 d postpartum (T3). Mesenteric fat thickness (the thickness of the perivascular adipose tissue) measured on ultrasound was shown to be an independent determinant of fatty liver. The cut-off of the ultrasonographic evaluation of the liver may be useful as a first and practical approach in identifying fatty liver. In conclusion, a non-invasive and reliable diagnostic method for predicting the risk of fatty liver in high yielding dairy cows has been demonstrated.

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Colostrum and milk fatty acids of dairy cows as influenced by extruded linseed supplementation during the transition period

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas08115 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 383-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D E Santschi ◽

H -R Wettstein ◽

F Leiber ◽

A.-K. M Witschi ◽

M Kreuzer

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Transition Period ◽

Fast Response ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Feeding Strategies ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Milk Fatty Acids ◽

Carry Over

The effects of precalving fat sources on fatty acid (FA) profile of colostrum and milk and on metabolic parameters in early lactation were determined. Two fat supplements (target: 21% fat, DM basis) fed at 1.8 kg DM d-1 were compared: Control (C; containing fractionated palm oil rich in 16:0) and Linseed (L; containing extruded linseed, rich in 18:3n-3). Sixteen dry Holstein (n = 7) and Brown Swiss (n = 9) cows were assigned to four groups receiving the supplements from 5 wk pre- to 4 wk post-calving in different sequences: CC, CL, LC and LL. Treatments did not affect metabolic parameters, milk yield or composition. Linseed supplementation increased proportions of 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 in colostrum and milk (except 18:1 for colostrum). The highest n-3 FA proportion was observed in milk of LL cows. For most 16 and 18 FA, a fast response occurred within the first week of lactation for cows that switched treatments over calving. Carry-over to milk of 18:3 and its biohydrogenation products from linseed fed precalving was low. Pre-calving feeding strategies to favour incorporation of these FA into early lactation milk were not successful, but the reasons for this failure remain unclear.Key words: Linseed, omega-3 fatty acids, transition period, milk, colostrum, dairy cows

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