Abomasal infusion of an exogenous emulsifier improves fatty acid digestibility and milk fat yield of lactating dairy cows

AbstractThe experiment was designed to investigate the effect of increasing the concentration of Cu2+ in the diet of the lactating dairy cow with a view to stimulating the activity of the mammary gland △9–desaturase enzyme system to increase the C18:1/18:0 ratio in the milk fat.In a preliminary study, two lactating dairy cows were provided with ground rapeseed/maizebased concentrates containing either a normal or a high concentration of supplementary Cu2+, the animal offered the normal concentration supplement was also provided with an oral CuSO4 solution drench so that both animals received an equal daily supply of Cu2+. Daily blood samples were collected from the cows and total plasma Cu2+ concentration was determined. A blood plasma lipid analysis was also carried out. In a second study, eight lactating dairy cows were provided with a silage and concentrate diet. The lipid portion of the concentrates was provided by either ground or unground rapeseed while the Cu2+ in the mineral supplement of the unground rapeseed-based concentrate was manipulated to provide one of the following three concentrations of Cu2+ in the concentrate (mg/kg DM); <10, 50 or 100. The subsequent milk fat was analysed for fatty acid composition.Presentation of an increased concentration of Cu2+ to the cow was more efficiently absorbed when provided in the concentrate mix than when provided as a CuSO4 solution in an oral drench. Increased dietary Cu2+ in the concentrates was successful at increasing the concentration of plasma Cu2+ from a normal concentration of 80–100 mg/cm3 to over 200 mg/cm3. An increased concentration of Cu2+ in the blood of the cows in the first experiment resulted in a significant increase (P<0·05) in the C18:1 content of the plasma lipid, possibly through the increased activity of the intestinal △9–desaturase enzyme system.The composition of the milk, including the fatty acid composition of the milk fat, from the second experiment was unaffected by the concentration of Cu2+ in the diet of the dairy cows within the concentration range of <10 to 35 mg/kg DM per day.

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Abomasal Infusion of Butterfat Increases Milk Fat in Lactating Dairy Cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2007-0894 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 2370-2379 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

A.K.G. Kadegowda ◽

L.S. Piperova ◽

P. Delmonte ◽

R.A. Erdman

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Abomasal Infusion

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Effects of Monensin and Dietary Soybean Oil on Milk Fat Percentage and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Dairy Cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2007-0232 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 1166-1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

O. AlZahal ◽

N.E. Odongo ◽

T. Mutsvangwa ◽

M.M. Or-Rashid ◽

T.F. Duffield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

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Impacts of feeding monensin sodium on production and the efficiency of milk production in dairy cows fed total mixed rations: evaluation of a confounded literature

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2019-0184 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 391-401

Author(s):

P.H. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Economic Value ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Protein Ratio ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Fat Yield ◽

Production Characteristics

The amount of milk Canadian dairy farmers produce is limited to a production quota expressed in milk fat. Because milk economic value is primarily based on fat and protein, it can be advantageous to decrease the milk fat to protein ratio. Monensin sodium has been suggested to reduce milk fat proportion and outputs, but not milk protein. Publications using lactating dairy cows were utilized to assess predictability of production responses to monensin feeding based upon their base production characteristics and diet composition. Predicted animal output changes due to monensin had poor fits with low r2 (0.31–0.44) and unevenly distributed residuals. Further assessment revealed that cow characteristics, and diets, were not independent of monensin feeding level. Thus, the 43 comparisons were clustered into levels of 10–12, 14–18, or 20–24 mg kg−1 of diet dry matter (DM). Milk fat yield reductions due to monensin differed (P < 0.05; 10–12 and 14–18 mg kg−1 DM), or tended to differ (P = 0.057; 20–24 mg kg−1 DM), from zero (i.e., no change). Monensin addition to total mixed rations of lactating dairy cows negatively impacted milk fat yield to a greater extent than milk protein.

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A comparison between feeding systems (pasture and TMR) and the effect of vitamin E supplementation on plasma and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029905000944 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 322-332 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Jane K Kay ◽

John R Roche ◽

Eric S Kolver ◽

Norman A Thomson ◽

Lance H Baumgard

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Milk Fat Depression ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Feeding Systems

Unidentified constituents in fresh pasture increase milk fat cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration, and prevent milk fat depression, even though ruminal conditions conducive to reducing milk fat synthesis exist. One possible explanation is vitamin E (α-tocopherol), a constituent high in fresh pasture, but naturally low in conserved/dried forages and cereal grains. Twenty late-lactating dairy cows previously consuming a total mixed ration (TMR) were randomly allocated to one of two dietary treatments for 21 d: TMR (control; n=10); and TMR plus an additional 10000 i.u. α-tocopherol/d (VIT E; n=10). These cows were simultaneously compared with 13 late-lactation dairy cows previously grazing fresh pasture (PAS) balanced for age, parity and genetic merit. Average daily α-tocopherol intakes were approximately 468, 10520 and 1590 i.u./cow for the control, VIT E and PAS treatments, respectively. Dietary α-tocopherol supplementation (VIT E v. control) slightly increased milk fat content by 0·23 percentage units, but did not significantly alter milk fatty acid composition. Plasma trans-11 18[ratio ]1 (VA) content tended to increase and trans-10 18[ratio ]1 levels numerically declined following α-tocopherol supplementation suggesting possible changes in rumen biohydrogenation products. In addition, increased α-tocopherol intake in TMR-fed cows decreased serum urea levels and tended to alter milk fat 15[ratio ]0 suggesting changes in rumen microbial populations. However, when compared with cows grazing pasture, TMR-fed cows supplemented with α-tocopherol, still produced milk with lower cis-9, trans-11 CLA and VA, and higher trans-10 18[ratio ]1 concentrations suggesting α-tocopherol is not a primary reason for milk fatty acid profile differences between pasture and TMR-fed cows. Therefore, additional unknown pasture constituents favour production of fatty acids originating from the cis-9, trans-11 instead of the trans-10, cis-12 CLA biohydrogenation pathways.

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Abomasal Infusion of Cis or Trans Fatty Acid Isomers and Energy Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(96)76573-6 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 79 (11) ◽

pp. 2005-2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

G.A. Romo ◽

D.P. Casper ◽

R.A. Erdman ◽

B.B. Teter

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Trans Fatty Acid ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Abomasal Infusion ◽

Trans Fatty Acid Isomers

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Effect of Feefing Protected Lipid on the Uptake of Precursors of Milk Fat by the Bovine Mammary Gland

Australian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1071/bi9731201 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 1201 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

JM Gooden ◽

AK Lascelles

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Bovine Mammary Gland ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

The feeding of protected lipid to lactating dairy cows resulted in a substantial increase in the proportion of fatty acid 18:2 and a decrease in fatty acids 4:0 to 16:0 in milk fat.

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A novel minimal model to describe non-esterified fatty acid kinetics in Holstein dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029907002853 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Raymond C Boston ◽

John R Roche ◽

Glen M Ward ◽

Peter J Moate

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Affinity Constant ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

Plasma Pool ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows

The dynamics of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism in lactating dairy cows requires quantification if we are to understand how dietary treatments and disease influence changes in body condition (adipose reserves) and the production of milk fat. We present here a novel compartmental model that employs the pattern of plasma glucose concentrations to predict the dynamic changes that occur in plasma NEFA concentrations during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in lactating dairy cows. The model was developed using data obtained from ten early-lactation, Holstein-Friesian cows given a standard IVGTT. The model described all of the major features of the NEFA response to an IVGTT; it was consistent with physiological processes and provided a number of parameters that can be used to quantify NEFA production and utilization. For all of the individual cows, all model parameters were well identified and usually had CV<10% of their estimated values. In the model, elevated plasma glucose concentrations cause an increase in the level of glucose in a remote compartment, which in turn suppresses the rate of entry of NEFA to the plasma compartment. The means (±sd) for the five adjustable parameters of the model were: rate of entry of NEFA to the plasma pool (SFFA) 183±71 [μmol l−1 min−1], rate of removal (oxidation, sequestration in adipose tissue and uptake by the mammary gland for milk production) of NEFA from the plasma pool (KFFA) 0·140±0·047 [min−1], a threshold parameter (gs) representing a plasma glucose concentration above which elevated levels of plasma glucose result in entry of glucose into a ‘remote’ or inaccessible glucose compartment, 3·30±0·52 [mmol/l], a rate constant (K) describing the movement of plasma glucose (above gs) into a remote compartment 0·063±0·033 [min−1] and a parameter Φ which is a Michaelis Menten type affinity constant which modulates the extent to which remote glucose inhibits the provision of NEFA to the plasma pool, 0·812±0·276 [mmol/l]. It is concluded that the model is suitable to describe NEFA kinetics in lactating dairy cows and it may have application in other species.

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