scholarly journals Chronic prepartum light-dark phase shifts in cattle disrupt circadian clocks, decrease insulin sensitivity and mammary development, and are associated with lower milk yield through 60 days postpartum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. McCabe ◽  
A. Suarez-Trujillo ◽  
K.A. Teeple ◽  
T.M. Casey ◽  
J.P. Boerman
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phase Shifts ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Decrease Insulin Sensitivity

scholarly journals Exposure to chronic light–dark phase shifts during the prepartum nonlactating period attenuates circadian rhythms, decreases blood glucose, and increases milk yield in the subsequent lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 2784-2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aridany Suarez-Trujillo ◽  
Grace Wernert ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Tabitha S. Steckler ◽  
Katelyn Huff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Phase Shifts ◽  
Dark Phase

scholarly journals Windows in early mammary development: critical or not?

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Knight ◽  
A Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Two critical windows in mammary development have been proposed. The first arises from observations in rodents that nutrition during fetal and neonatal periods can affect mammary ductular outgrowth, subsequent proliferative activity and, eventually, tumorigenesis, that is, potentially it could have a long-term effect on pathological outcome (breast cancer) in women. The second similarly involves early diet, but in this case the outcome is phenotypic, in that dairy heifers reared too quickly during the peripubertal period subsequently show impaired udder development and reduced milk yield persisting throughout life. Most mammary development occurs during pregnancy, but this period is usually thought of only in terms of the immediate outcome for the subsequent lactation; it is not believed to be a critical window, at least in terms of lifetime mammary productivity. This review examines the evidence underlying these various claims and attempts to define the mechanisms involved, and also considers whether derangements occurring earlier in life (prenatally) could also have long-term consequences for physiological or pathological mammary development.

Effects of repeated light–dark phase shifts on voluntary ethanol and water intake in male and female Fischer and Lewis rats

Alcohol ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Rosenwasser ◽  
James W. Clark ◽  
Michael C. Fixaris ◽  
Gabriel V. Belanger ◽  
James A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Phase Shifts ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lewis Rats

STUDIES ON THE HORMONAL INDUCTION OF MAMMARY GROWTH AND LACTATION IN THE GOAT

1952 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. COWIE ◽  
S. J. FOLLEY ◽  
F. H. MALPRESS ◽  
K. C. RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Secretory Epithelium ◽  
Artificial Induction ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Oily Solution

Extensive morphological and functional investigations have been carried out on the artificial induction of mammary development and lactation in the goat using hexoestrol alone and in combination with progesterone, at several dose levels and proportions. Administration of the oestrogen and progesterone was either by tablet implantation or by subcutaneous injection in oily solution. Forty animals were used, of which twenty-three were ovariectomized during infancy. Special histological techniques were devised for studying and estimating quantitatively the degree of mammary development. In the later experiments this was achieved by surgically removing one half of the udder, i.e. one gland, when the lactation curve had reached a maximum. In three normally lactating goats the operation had no influence on the milk yield of the remaining gland. For the dose levels used, the milk yields of the animals receiving oestrogen and those receiving oestrogen and progesterone did not differ significantly. In general, the artificially induced milk yields were below the expected yields had the animals come into lactation after kidding. It appeared highly probable that the total area of secretory epithelium in the artificially developed gland was less than in the normally developed udder. A high correlation was observed between the surface area of the secretory epithelium in the entire half udder and the milk yield. Several marked abnormalities were observed in the microscopic structure of the udders. These were less evident in the glands of the goats receiving progesterone provided the oestrogen dose was not excessive.

Lipid metabolism disturbances contribute to insulin resistance and decrease insulin sensitivity by malathion exposure in Wistar rat

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Montassar Lasram ◽  
Kahena Bouzid ◽  
Ines Bini Douib ◽  
Alya Annabi ◽  
Naziha El Elj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Decrease Insulin Sensitivity

scholarly journals Improved Lactational Nutrition and Postnatal Growth Ameliorates Impairment of Glucose Tolerance by Uteroplacental Insufficiency in Male Rat Offspring

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 3067-3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Siebel ◽  
Amy Mibus ◽  
Miles J. De Blasio ◽  
Kerryn T. Westcott ◽  
Margaret J. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Postnatal Environment ◽  
First Phase Insulin Secretion

Intrauterine growth restriction and accelerated postnatal growth predict increased risk of diabetes. Uteroplacental insufficiency in the rat restricts fetal growth but also impairs mammary development and postnatal growth. We used cross fostering to compare the influence of prenatal and postnatal nutritional restraint on adult glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y content in Wistar Kyoto rats at 6 months of age. Bilateral uterine vessel ligation (restricted) to induce uteroplacental insufficiency or sham surgery (control) was performed on d-18 gestation. Control, restricted, and reduced (reducing litter size of controls to match restricted) pups were cross fostered onto a control or restricted mother 1 d after birth. Restricted pups were born small compared with controls. Restricted males, but not females, remained lighter up to 6 months, regardless of postnatal environment. By 10 wk, restricted-on-restricted males ate more than controls. At 6 months restricted-on-restricted males had increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y content compared with other groups, and together with reduced-on-restricted males had increased retroperitoneal fat weight (percent body weight) compared with control-on-controls. Restricted-on-restricted males had impaired glucose tolerance, reduced first-phase insulin secretion, but unaltered insulin sensitivity, compared with control-on-controls. In males, being born small and exposed to an impaired lactational environment adversely affects adult glucose tolerance and first-phase insulin secretion, but improving lactation partially ameliorates this condition. This study identifies early life as a target for intervention to prevent later diabetes after prenatal restraint.

Greater milk yield is related to increased DNA and RNA content but not to mRNA abundance of selected genes in sow mammary tissue

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
M -F Palin ◽  
R C Hovey
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Production Group ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between greater sow milk yield and mammary development, expression of selected genes in mammary tissue and hormonal concentrations in lactating sows was studied. Crossbred sows were separated in two groups according to the weight gains of their piglets up to day 21. The groups were: (1) lower milk yield (LOW, n = 14) and (2) higher milk yield (HI, n = 14), representing lactation weight gains of 4.46 and 5.25 kg pig-1, respectively. Jugular blood samples were obtained from all sows on day 3 (for prolactin determination) and day 23 (for measures of prolactin, leptin, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids) of lactation, and milk samples were collected on days 3 and 22. At weaning (day 23), sows were slaughtered and their mammary glands were collected, dissected and composition was determined. Mammary parenchymal tissue was analyzed for the mRNA abundance of selected genes. Hormone concentrations in blood did not differ between groups (P > 0.1) and on day 3 of lactation, dry matter and leptin contents in milk were lower (P < 0.05) in HI than in LOW sows. There was more DNA and RNA per teat in HI than LOW sows (P < 0.05), whereas the expression of selected genes within mammary tissue was unaffected (P > 0.1) by production group. Significant correlations (P < 0.01) existed between average weight gain of piglets during lactation and mammary RNA and DNA, expressed either as total amount or amount per teat, at weaning. Sow milk yield is therefore related to mammary gland composition in late lactation.Key words: Genes, lactation, mammary gland, milk yield, sow

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