scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of antimicrobial use and treatment decision for preweaning Canadian dairy calves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamaki Uyama ◽  
David F. Kelton ◽  
Emma I. Morrison ◽  
Ellen de Jong ◽  
Kayley D. McCubbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Antimicrobial Consumption Data From Pharmacy and Nursing Records: How Good Are They?

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail S. Itokazu ◽  
Robert C. Glowacki ◽  
David N. Schwartz ◽  
Mary F. Wisniewski ◽  
Robert J. Rydman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Administration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Pharmacy Data

AbstractObjective:To determine whether randomly selected intravenous (IV) antimicrobial doses dispensed from an inpatient pharmacy were administered.Design:This was a prospective, cross-sectional study in which dose administration was confirmed by direct observation and by assessment of the medication administration record (MAR). A retrospective analysis of the return rate of unused IV antimicrobial doses was performed subsequently.Setting:Medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) and non-ICUs of a 550-bed urban public teaching hospital.Participants:Hospitalized patients with an order in the pharmacy database for an IV antimicrobial during 9 non-consecutive weekdays in June 1999.Results:Of 397 doses, 221 (55.7%) assessed by bedside observation and 238 (59.9%) assessed by MAR review were classified as administered; 139 doses (35.0%) were dispensed but changes in the drug order or the patient's status prevented their administration. In the subsequent assessment, of 745 IV antimicrobial doses dispensed during 24 hours, 322 (43.2%) were returned to the pharmacy unused; 423 (56.8%) of the doses—consistent with our prior observations—were presumably administered.Conclusions:Because computerized pharmacy data may overestimate actual antimicrobial consumption, such data should be validated when used in studies of hospital antimicrobial use. Dispense-return analysis offers a simple validation method.

scholarly journals Prevalence of disorders in preweaned dairy calves from 731 dairies in Germany: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dachrodt ◽  
H. Arndt ◽  
A. Bartel ◽  
L.M. Kellermann ◽  
A. Tautenhahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Management factors associated with mortality of dairy calves in Finland: A cross sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Seppä-Lassila ◽  
K. Sarjokari ◽  
M. Hovinen ◽  
T. Soveri ◽  
M. Norring
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Management Factors

Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study of Antimicrobial Stewardship and Antifungal Stewardship Programs in Inpatient Settings in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Moriyama ◽  
Masahiro Ishikane ◽  
Yoshiki Kusama ◽  
Nobuaki Matsunaga ◽  
Taichi Tajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Antifungal Stewardship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Epidemiology ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Inpatient Settings

Abstract Background To prevent antimicrobial resistance, both antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and antifungal stewardship (AFS) in inpatient settings are needed in small/middle-sized hospitals as well as large hospitals. Methods We conducted the web-based, self-administered, nationwide cross-sectional study regarding AMS and AFS in inpatient settings in Japan, targeting hospitals that participated in a hospital epidemiology workshop conducted in July 2018. The questionnaire was composed of intervention protocols for use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and antifungals within 7 or 28 d of beginning usage. These broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal protocols were compared between large (≥ 501beds) and small/middle-sized (≤ 500 beds) hospitals. Results Of 240 hospitals surveyed, 39 (16%; 18 large and 21 small/middle-sized) responded. The number of hospitals that intervened in the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials within 7 and 28 d were 17 (44%) and 34 (87%), respectively; those that intervened for antifungals were 3 (8%) and 10 (26%), respectively. Interventions for use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials within 7 d were significantly more frequent in small/middle-sized hospitals compared to large hospitals [13 (61. 9%) vs. 4 (22. 2%), odds ratio = 5.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.4–23.3, p = 0.023]. Conclusions Small/middle-sized hospitals had more frequent interventions within 7 d of broad-spectrum antimicrobial use than large hospitals. More effort to improve AFS is needed among all hospitals.

scholarly journals Nationwide cross-sectional study of antimicrobial stewardship and antifungal stewardship programs in inpatient settings in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Moriyama  ◽  
Masahiro Ishikane ◽  
Yoshiki Kusama ◽  
Nobuaki Matsunaga ◽  
Taichi Tajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Antifungal Stewardship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Epidemiology ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Inpatient Settings

Abstract Background To prevent antimicrobial resistance, both antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and antifungal stewardship (AFS) in inpatient settings are needed in small/middle-sized hospitals as well as large hospitals. Methods We conducted the web-based, self-administered, nationwide cross-sectional study regarding AMS and AFS in inpatient settings in Japan, targeting hospitals that participated in a hospital epidemiology workshop conducted in July 2018. The questionnaire was composed of intervention protocols for use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and antifungals within 7 or 28 d of beginning usage. These broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal protocols were compared between large (≥501beds) and small/middle-sized (≤500 beds) hospitals. Results Of 240 hospitals surveyed, 39 (16%; 18 large and 21 small/middle-sized) responded. The number of hospitals that intervened in the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials within 7 and 28 d were 17 (44%) and 34 (87%), respectively; those that intervened for antifungals were 3 (8%) and 10 (26%), respectively. Interventions for use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials within 7 d were significantly more frequent in small/middle-sized hospitals compared to large hospitals [13 (61. 9%) vs. 4 (22. 2%), odds ratio = 5.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.4–23.3, p = 0.023]. Conclusions Small/middle-sized hospitals had more frequent interventions within 7 d of broad-spectrum antimicrobial use than large hospitals. More effort to improve AFS is needed among all hospitals.

scholarly journals 158. National Cross-Sectional Study of Factors Influencing the Decision of Prescribing Penicillin as First Choice among Dentists in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S190-S190
Author(s):  
Ryuji Koizumi ◽  
Masahiro Ishikane ◽  
Yoshiki Kusama ◽  
Shinya Tsuzuki ◽  
Yusuke Asai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Abstract Background Antimicrobial stewardship programs are needed to improve antimicrobial use among not only physicians but also dentists. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the decision of prescribing penicillin as first choice among dentists at clinics in Japan. Methods We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of dental clinics in Japan between July and September 2020. Data on the following were collected using questionnaires: basic information, types of antimicrobials stocked, first-choice antimicrobials, and knowledge and practice of antimicrobial resistance and infectious endocarditis. Using logistic regression, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the factors influencing penicillin prescription. Results Among the 1700 participating dental clinics, 342 dental clinics responded. The median age of the study cohort was 57 (49–65) years, and there were 298 (87.1%) men. The first choice of antimicrobials was third-generation cephalosporin (169 [49.4%]), followed by penicillin (103 [30.1%]) and macrolide (19 [5.6%]). In multivariate analysis, clinics with stocked penicillin (OR = 27.30 [95% CI: 12.04–63.00]) and with more than two dentists (OR = 0.48 [95% CI: 0.24–0.92]) were associated with penicillin use as first choice. Conclusion This is the first study investigating the factors influencing the decision of prescribing penicillin as first choice among dentists in Japan. Further studies evaluating the relationships between penicillin use as first choice and stocked penicillin in the clinic and the number of working dentists are needed. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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