The role of venous sinus outflow obstruction in pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Dwyer ◽  
Kristina Prelog ◽  
Brian K. Owler
Keyword(s):  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Venous Sinus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Venous Obstruction ◽  
Outflow Obstruction ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Venous Outflow Obstruction ◽  
And Control

Object The authors examined the role of venous sinus obstruction in the etiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) by reviewing more than 200 MR venograms performed in suspected cases of IIH. Methods Individual MR venograms performed in cases of suspected IIH at the Children's Hospital at Westmead in Sydney, Australia, were reviewed. The authors excluded cases in which an intervention was performed before the scan or a structural cause for venous obstruction was identified. Cases with confirmed hydrocephalus were also excluded. For each of the 145 remaining scans, the authors completed a detailed review on a slice-by-slice basis of the 2D source images used to compile the rendered 3D MR venogram. The anatomical configuration of the dural venous sinuses and any areas of decreased flow in circulation were then noted. Where possible, they correlated their radiological findings with evidence of raised intracranial pressure based on LP opening pressures. They also reviewed a control group of 50 MR venograms. Results Seventy-six (52%) of 145 scans showed evidence of venous obstruction in the dominant-side circulation. Substantial nonphysiological collateral circulation was seen in 68% of cases with dominant-sided obstruction, suggesting a process of recanalization. In contrast, in the absence of dominant-sided obstruction, collateral circulation was uncommon. In 27 cases, CSF opening pressure measurements were available. In 20 cases the opening pressures were in excess of 20 cm H2O. Of those, 17 demonstrated evidence of dominant-sided venous outflow obstruction. Among those cases, the median opening pressure was 34 cm H2O. Dominant-sided venous outflow obstruction was seen in only 2 of 50 MR venograms in the control group. Furthermore, evidence of collateral circulation was also uncommon in the control group. There was a highly statistically significant difference between rates of dominant-sided venous obstruction in the suspected IIH and control groups (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions A majority of patients presenting for investigation of suspected IIH demonstrated evidence of dominant-sided venous obstruction on MR venogram. In addition there was a high correlation between elevated CSF opening pressures and dominant-sided venous sinus obstruction. This correlation was further supported by evidence of collateral recanalization in patients with elevated CSF pressures and dominant-sided venous obstruction. A control group of 50 MR venograms indicated that dominant-sided venous outflow obstruction is an unlikely incidental finding, and a highly statistically significant difference was found between rates of obstruction in the suspected IIH and control groups.

Chronic Venous Obstruction: Diagnostic Considerations and Therapeutic Role of Percutaneous Iliac Stenting

Vascular ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Neglén
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Venous Obstruction ◽  
Outflow Obstruction ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Therapeutic Role ◽  
Venous Stenting ◽  
Chronic Venous Obstruction ◽  
Venous Outflow Obstruction ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

Iliac venous outflow obstruction has an important role in the expression of symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency. This anatomic obstruction is frequently overlooked, owing in part to diagnostic difficulty. The combination of venous obstruction and reflux leads to more severe clinical disease. Current diagnostic modalities do not allow an definitive assessment of hemodynamically critical venous obstruction. No single invasive or noninvasive study can accurately detect borderline obstruction of potential hemodynamic significance. A high index of suspicion is critical in the initial recognition of chronic venous obstruction. The diagnosis relies on clinical signs and symptoms and radiologic assessment of morphologic venous outflow obstruction. Treatment strategy should be based on the results of morphologic investigations such as transfemoral phlebography or, preferably, intravascular ultrasonography. Percutaneous iliac venous stenting offers a safe and efficient method to correct pelvic venous obstruction. Percutaneous iliac stenting does not preclude subsequent venous bypass or corrective superficial and deep reflux surgery. This article reviews the etiologic factors and diagnostic modalities of iliac venous obstruction. The therapeutic role of percutaneous iliac stenting in the management of venous obstruction is also discussed.

Role of Nutrition Counseling and Lifestyle Modification in Managing Prediabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212110254
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Neerja Singla ◽  
Rohini Jain
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: India is the second country after China having the highest population prevalence of diabetes. Several research studies investigating diabetes have been done, but not much work has been done on prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nutrition and lifestyle modification on prediabetic females. Methods: A total of 120 prediabetic females from Ludhiana city were divided into 2 matched groups: control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 60). Impact of nutrition intervention for dietary and lifestyle modification (for 3 months) was assessed on the anthropometric, dietary, biochemical parameters, and diabetes risk score of the experimental group and control group (no intervention). Results: All the selected 120 subjects completed the study (experimental group = 60; control group = 60). There was significant difference in the changes between the 2 groups throughout the study. The fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels of the experimental group subjects reduced significantly ( P ≤ .01). However, no change was observed among the control group subjects. The lipid profile of the experimental group showed a significant improvement ( P ≤ .01). Conclusion: Nutrition counselling of the prediabetics regarding dietary and lifestyle modification is recommended so as to improve their metabolic control, thus preventing them from being diabetics.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Efficiency in Teacher Correction Strategies in Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking Improvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Roya Keshavarz ◽  
Amin Marzban
Keyword(s):  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Placement Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Feedback Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

<p>The present study was an attempt to investigate the effect two types of corrective feedback (i.e., recast and metalinguistic) in order to find out which one is more effective on EFL learners’ speaking improvement and also to see if gender could play a role in the relative impact of the two types of corrective feedback on learners’ speaking ability. To this end, 65 EFL learners of intermediate level in one of language institutes in Shiraz, Iran were selected and divided into three groups including two experimental groups and one control. The instruments used to collect the data included IELTS test as the pre and post tests and Oxford Placement Test (OPT) in order to obtain the homogeneity in participants’ English proficiency. The collected data were codified and entered into SPSS Software (Version 22) and were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and Tukey test. The results indicated that although applying these two types of corrective feedback could have made improvement in EFL learners’ speaking ability, there was not observed any significant difference between impacts of recast and metalinguistic on EFL learners’ production. The test results also indicated that there was not any significant difference regarding gender within the three groups. This homogeneity further shows that in this study, the gender variable did not have any effect on the role of corrective feedback and it can be concluded that the observed difference between metalinguistic group, recast group, and control group is just the result of the provided corrective feedback type which has acted as the intervening variable and the moderator variable such as gender did not prove to have any effect in the outcome of this study. The findings can contribute to syllabus design and teaching methodology areas.</p>

scholarly journals EARLY PROBIOTICS IN PREVENTING VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AFTER MULTIPLE TRAUMA

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
TAMER HABIB ◽  
AMIRA B KASSEM ◽  
ISLAM AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Trauma ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Trauma Patients ◽  
And Control

Objective: Using probiotics in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remain controversial due to different intensive care unit (ICU) populations included in such studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of probiotics in prophylaxis of VAP after multiple trauma. Methods: Sixty-five adult multiple trauma patients on mechanical ventilator (expected ≥48 h) after admission to the Critical Care Medicine Department, Alexandria Main University Hospital from June to November 2018. Patients were randomly assigned using computer sheet into two groups; probiotics group (32 patients received one Lacteol Forte® sachet through orogastric/nasogastric tube 3 times daily during their ICU stay) and control group (33 patients received similar regimen of placebo sachets). All patients were followed up and subjected to all possible strategies of the diagnosis of microbiologically confirmed VAP. Results: Sixty-five patients were enrolled with a mean of age (39.48±7.692) years, 80% of them were male. Regarding the incidence of VAP, it was 18.46% of all patients without statistically significant difference between probiotics group (15.63%) and control group (21.21%) (p=0.751). Conclusion: Routine use of early probiotics in mechanically ventilated multiple trauma patients was not associated with lower incidence of VAP, duration of MV, or ICU mortality.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oxidant-Antioxidant Status in Patients with Vitiligo and Healthy Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Agrawal ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
TK Dhali ◽  
SK Majhi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Destruction Of Melanocytes ◽  
And Control

Background Vitiligo is a well-recognized pigmentary disorder of the skin and /or mucous membrane characterized by circumscribed ivory or chalky white macules devoid of identifiable melanocytes. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is complex and still not well understood. According to autocytotoxic hypothesis, oxidative stress has been suggested to be the initial pathogenic event in melanocyte degeneration. The role of free radicals and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of vitiligo has been documented in recent studies.Objective To evaluate the role of oxidative stress in patients with vitiligo and of healthy controls by measuring levels of the oxidant malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E in serum and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes.Method A total of 80 clinically diagnosed cases of vitiligo and 80 control subjects were included in the study to assess the activity of MDA, vitamin C and vitamin E in serum and CAT in erythrocytes of patients and controls by using the spectrophotometric assay.Result There was statistically significant increase in the levels of MDA in patients with vitiligo compared to the control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was found in the levels of vitamin C (p=0.411) and vitamin E (p=0.771) between the patients with vitiligo and control group. The levels of CAT in the vitiligo patients were found to be significantly lower than those of controls (p<0.001).Conclusion Increased oxidative stress and decreased catalase have been observed in vitiligo patients and the data suggesting that the free radicals may be involved in the destruction of melanocytes or dysregulation of melanogenesis.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(2) 2014: 132-136

scholarly journals Research on the Effectiveness of Educational Internship——A Case Study on Primary Education Major

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa Li
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Teaching Ability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of teaching ability of pre-service teachers during their internship. Methods: The pre-service teachers were divided into experimental group and control group, and the video of each class was recorded, encoded and scored by experts from primary schools, and SPSS was used to analyze the data. Results: The teaching ability of the pre-service teachers in the primary school Chinese subject had a significant improvement in the six weeks of teaching practice. The teaching ability of the pre-service teachers in the primary school mathematics discipline had no significant improvement in the six weeks of teaching practice; there is no significant difference in the teaching ability of pre-service teachers who have experienced six classroom lectures and 18 classroom lectures. Conclusion: Educational universities should attach importance to the role of educational internship in promoting the development of pre-service teachers' teaching ability and increase the internship time. Instructors should pay attention to the cultivation of pre-service teachers' teaching reflection ability and give feedback and guidance in time.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Near Sightedness

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aqsa Malik ◽  
Rabbia Shabbir ◽  
Atteaya Zaman ◽  
Sohail Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Azad Kashmir ◽  
And Control

Purpose: To determine the levels of Vitamin D in children with myopia and to compare them with age matched controls. Study Design:  Case control study. Place and Duration of Study:  The study was conducted in Naseer Memorial Hospital, Dadhyal Azad Kashmir from March 2016 to March 2017. Material and Methods:  Two hundred patients were selected using convenient sampling technique and were divided two groups (group I Myopic and group II control). Myopia was labeled if after subjective refraction a Spherical Equivalent (SE) of −0.50 diopters (D) or more was found. Vitamin D levels were measured by radioimmunoassay technique with Diasorin SR® kit following the user’s manual. Vitamin D levels less than 20 ng/ml were considered Vitamin D deficient following the standards of American academy of pediatrics. The collected data was entered in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 for analysis. Independent t–test was used to determine the significant difference of means between controls and patients. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results:  Mean age of controls and myopes were 10.65 ± 3.9 and 10.20 ± 2.5 years respectively. Vitamin D levels in myopic children were found to be 14.95 ± 3.75 ng/ml and there was no significant difference in mean values of Vitamin D levels in myopic and control group. Conclusion:  We found no difference in Vitamin D levels of myopic and non myopic children and concluded that Vitamin D has no role in development or progression of myopia.

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