scholarly journals Cervicomedullary tumors in children

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph H. McAbee ◽  
Joseph Modica ◽  
Clinton J. Thompson ◽  
Alberto Broniscer ◽  
Brent Orr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Free Survival

OBJECT Cervicomedullary tumors (CMTs) represent a heterogeneous group of intrinsic neoplasms that are typically low grade and generally carry a good prognosis. This single-institution study was undertaken to document the outcomes and current treatment philosophy for these challenging neoplasms. METHODS The charts of all pediatric patients with CMTs who received treatment at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital between January 1988 and May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, surgical, clinical, radiological, pathological, and survival data were collected. Treatment-free survival and overall survival were estimated, and predictors of recurrence were analyzed. RESULTS Thirty-one children (16 boys, 15 girls) with at least 12 months of follow-up data were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 6 years (range 7 months-17 years) and the median follow-up was 4.3 years. Low-grade tumors (Grade I or II) were present in 26 (84%) patients. Thirty patients underwent either a biopsy alone or resection, with the majority of patients undergoing biopsy only (n = 12, 39%) or subtotal resection (n = 14, 45%). Only 4 patients were treated solely with resection; 21 patients received radiotherapy alone or in combination with other treatments. Recurrent tumor developed in 14 children (45%) and 4 died as a result of their malignancy. A high-grade pathological type was the only independent variable that predicted recurrence. The 5- and 10-year treatment-free survival estimates are 64.7% and 45.3%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year overall survival estimate is 86.7%. CONCLUSIONS Children with CMTs typically have low-grade neoplasms and consequently long-term survival, but high risk of recurrence. Therapy should be directed at achieving local tumor control while preserving and even restoring neurological function.

Long-term outcomes for low-grade intracranial ganglioglioma: 30-year experience from the Mayo Clinic

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia J. Compton ◽  
Nadia N. Issa Laack ◽  
Laurence J. Eckel ◽  
David A. Schomas ◽  
Caterina Giannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Mayo Clinic ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Free Survival

Object Gangliogliomas comprise less than 1% of all brain tumors and occur most often in children. Therefore, there are a limited number of patients and data involving the use or role of adjuvant therapy after subtotal resections (STRs) of gangliogliomas. The objective of this study was to examine and review the Mayo Clinic experience of 88 patients with gangliogliomas, their follow-up, risk of recurrence, and the role of radiation therapy after STR or only biopsy. Methods Eighty-eight patients with gangliogliomas diagnosed between 1970 and 2007 were reviewed. Data on clinical outcomes and therapy received were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. Results The median age at diagnosis was 19 years. The median potential follow-up as of June 2008 was 142 months (range 9–416 months). Fifteen-year overall survival was 94%, median PFS was 5.6 years, with a 10-year PFS rate of 37%. Progression-free survival was dramatically affected by extent of initial resection (p < 0.0001). Conclusions This single-institution retrospective series of patients with gangliogliomas is unique given its large cohort size with a long follow-up duration, and confirms the excellent long-term survival rate in this group. The study also shows the importance of resection extent on likelihood of recurrence. Patients with gangliogliomas who undergo STR or biopsy alone have poor PFS. Radiation therapy may delay time to progression in patients with unresectable disease.

scholarly journals Low-grade astrocytoma: surgical outcomes in eloquent versus non-eloquent brain areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
André de Macedo Bianco ◽  
Flavio Key Miura ◽  
Carlos Clara ◽  
Jose Reynaldo W. Almeida ◽  
Clemar Correa da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Eloquent Areas ◽  
Eloquent Area ◽  
Extent Of Surgical Resection

A retrospective study of 81 patients with low-grade astrocytoma (LGA) comparing the efficacy of aggressive versus less aggressive surgery in eloquent and non-eloquent brain areas was conducted. Extent of surgical resection was analyzed to assess overall survival (OS) and progression- free survival (PFS). Degree of tumor resection was classified as gross total resection (GTR), subtotal resection (STR) or biopsy. GTR, STR and biopsy in patients with tumors in non-eloquent areas were performed in 31, 48 and 21% subjects, whereas in patients with tumors in eloquent areas resections were 22.5, 35 and 42.5%. Overall survival was 4.7 and 1.9 years in patients with tumors in non-eloquent brain areas submitted to GTR/STR and biopsy (p=0.013), whereas overall survival among patients with tumors in eloquent area was 4.5 and 2.1 years (p=0.33). Improved outcome for adult patients with LGA is predicted by more aggressive surgery in both eloquent and non-eloquent brain areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of the results and the haematologic side effects of the 3D conformal and the IMRT/ARC therapies delivered during the craniospinal irradiation of childhood tumors, in a follow-up period of 5 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Lőcsei ◽  
Róbert Farkas ◽  
Kornélia Borbásné Farkas ◽  
Klára Sebestyén ◽  
Zsolt Sebestyén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Craniospinal Irradiation ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Childhood Tumors

Abstract Objectives The craniospinal irradiation (CSI) of childhood tumors with Rapidarc technique is a new way of treatment. Our objective was to compare the acute haematologic toxicity pattern during 3D conformal radiotherapy with the application of the novel techniques. Materials and methods Data from patients treated between 2007 and 2014 has been collected and seven patients were identified in each of both treatment groups. The acute blood toxicity results were obtained, after establishing a general linear model, by using the SPSS software. Furthermore, the dose exposure of the organs-at-risk has been compared. Patients have been followed-up for a minimum of five years, then progression-free survival and overall survival data were assessed. Results After the assessment of the laboratory parameters of the two groups, it may be concluded that no significant differences were detected in terms of the mean dose exposures of the normal tissues or the acute hematological side-effects during the IMRT/ARC and the 3D conformal treatment. Laboratory parameters significantly decreased compared to the baseline values during the treatment weeks. Nevertheless, no significant differences were detected between the two groups. No remarkable differences were confirmed between the two groups regarding the five-year progression-free survival and overall survival, and no signs of serious irradiation organ toxicity were observed during the follow-up period in either of the groups. Conclusion Rapidarc technique can be used safely even for the treatment of childhood tumors, as the extent of normal tissue dose exposures and that of acute hematological side effects is not higher.

scholarly journals 15-year Follow-up of Comparing Mastoscopic and Conventional Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer: A Multicentres, Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyu Luo ◽  
Guang Cao ◽  
wenbin Guo ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Qiuru Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract Backgroud: Longer follow-up was necessary to testify the exact value of mastoscopic axillary lymph node dissection (MALND).Methods：From January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2005,1027 patients with operable breast cancer were randomly assigned to two groups: MALND and CALND. 996 eligible patients were enrolled. The end points are disease free survival and overall survival.Results：The final cohort of 996 patients was followed for an average of 184 months. The distribution of all events was fairly similar between two groups of patients. The incidence of local in-breast events did not differ in a significant manner between two cohorts. Similarly, the rate of distant metastases was not significantly different with 30.0% in MLND and 32.6% in CALND. And no significant difference was observed in other primary tumor between two groups (p=0.46). Patients who remain alive with no event comprise a total of 37.2% in MALND and 35.4% in CALND. Other primary cancers and deaths from other causes were distributed equally between two groups. The 15-year disease-free survival rates were41.1 percent for the MALND group and 39.6 percent for the CALND group (p=0.79). MALND was found to be not inferior for overall survival (P =0.54). The 15-year overall survival rates were 49.5 percentafter MALND and 51.2 percentafter CALND (p=0.86). Probability of overall survival was not significantly different between two groups.Conclusions：MALND does not increase unfavorable events, and also does not affect the long-term survival of patients. Therefore, MALND should be one of the preferred approaches for breast cancer surgery.

Long-term survival and toxicity in patients with progressive advanced neuroendocrine tumors treated with lutetium peptide radiolabelled radiotherapy: A Western Australian long-term follow-up study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16202-e16202
Author(s):  
Kim Robyn Kennedy ◽  
Phillip Claringbold ◽  
William Macdonald ◽  
Glenn Boardman ◽  
David Turner Ransom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

e16202 Background: There are limited treatment options for advanced neuroendocrine tumours, and radiolabelled somatostatin analogues have shown favourable safety and efficacy over other existing treatments. Lutetium Octreotate has been shown to be the somatostatin analogue of choice in Peptide Radiolabelled Radiotherapy (PRRT) for advanced neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the long term safety and survival outcomes of 104 patients prospectively treated on the CLEMENT1, CLEMENT2, NETTLE, and NETT VALuE trials where patients with advanced progressive NETs were treated with Lutetium Octreotate PRRT in Perth, Western Australia. With a median follow-up time of 68 months, this is the longest follow-up study of advanced NETs treated with Lutetium PRRT in the literature to date. Results: Results showed comparable periods of disease stability as other studies, with median progression free survival of 43 months, and superior survival to other series, with a median survival of 71 months. There were patients who had very durable responses, with five year overall survival 61.5%, five year progression free survival 30.1%, 10 year overall survival 30.1%, and 10 year progression free survival of 29.3%, demonstrating Lu 177 can provide a very long duration of response in some patients. PRRT treatment was well tolerated with 1.9% of patients suffering long term renal impairment, and 1% with long term mild thrombocytopenia attributed to PRRT. Importantly, there was a higher rate of MDS and leukaemia in our series (6.7%), which is likely attributed to the longer period of follow-up with all except one case occurring 48 months after PRRT treatment, which is later than the median follow up in most other studies. Conclusions: Overall, this study showed that Lutetium PRRT remains an efficacious and well tolerated treatment in long term follow-up. For clinicians deciding on the timing of PRRT for individual patients the 6.7% long term risk of MDS/leukaemia needs to be balanced against the 29.3% PFS at 10 years. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12610000440022.

The effect of complete surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in stage I, grade 1 and 2 endometrioid ovarian carcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. ijgc-2021-003112
Author(s):  
Brenna E Swift ◽  
Allan Covens ◽  
Victoria Mintsopoulos ◽  
Carlos Parra-Herran ◽  
Marcus Q Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Recurrence Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Stage Ia ◽  
Endometrioid Ovarian Cancer

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of complete surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in stage I, low grade endometrioid ovarian cancer.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at two cancer centers from July 2001 to December 2019. Inclusion criteria were all stage I, grade 1 and 2 endometrioid ovarian cancer patients. Patients with mixed histology, concurrent endometrial cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and patients who did not undergo follow-up at our centers were excluded. Clinical, pathologic, recurrence, and follow-up data were collected. Cox proportional hazard model evaluated predictive factors. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThere were 131 eligible stage I patients: 83 patients (63.4%) were stage IA, 5 (3.8%) were stage IB, and 43 (32.8%) were stage IC, with 80 patients (61.1%) having grade 1 and 51 (38.9%) patients having grade 2 disease. Complete lymphadenectomy was performed in 34 patients (26.0%), whereas 97 patients (74.0%) had either partial (n=22, 16.8%) or no (n=75, 57.2%) lymphadenectomy. Thirty patients (22.9%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 51.5 (95% CI 44.3 to 57.2) months. Five-year recurrence-free survival was 88.0% (95% CI 81.6% to 94.9%) and 5 year overall survival was 95.1% (95% CI 90.5% to 99.9%). In a multivariable analysis, only grade 2 histology had a significantly higher recurrence rate (HR 3.42, 95% CI 1.03 to 11.38; p=0.04). There was no difference in recurrence-free survival (p=0.57) and overall survival (p=0.30) in patients with complete lymphadenectomy. In stage IA/IB, grade 2 there was no benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.19), and in stage IA/IB, low grade without complete surgical staging there was no benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.16). Twelve patients (9.2%) had recurrence; 3 (25%) were salvageable at recurrence and are alive with no disease.ConclusionsPatients with stage I, low grade endometrioid ovarian cancer have a favorable prognosis, and adjuvant chemotherapy and staging lymphadenectomy did not improve survival.

Ganglioglioma: A Correlative Clinicopathological and Radiological Study of Ten Surgically Treated Cases with Follow-Up

Neurosurgery ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma P. Kalyan-Raman ◽  
William C. Olivero
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Histological Criteria ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Gangliogliomas are rare benign tumors of the central nervous system containing neoplastic ganglion and low grade glial cells. In studying 10 surgically treated cases, we evaluated the clinical, pathological, radiological, and immunocytochemical features, with follow-up. Ranging from 18 to 58 years in age, 7 patients were women, and 3 were men. The most common presenting symptom was seizure. Computed tomographic scan showed a low density enhancing mass in 8 and calcification in 5. Six had minimally abnormal vascularity on angiography. Seven patients had total and 3 had subtotal resections of the tumor. The temporal lobe was the location of the tumor in 6 cases. All of the cases met the histological criteria of Russell and Rubinstein for ganglioglioma. Four patients received postoperative radiotherapy because of subtotal resection or aggressive histological makeup. On follow-up, from 2.5 to 7 years, 8 patients are alive and tumorfree, and 7 are also seizure-free. Two died after operation: one immediately and the other of a glioblastoma that developed 5 years later. Our study confirms that ganglioglioma is a distinct histological entity, anatomically localized, with characteristic clinical and radiological findings and long term survival. Aggressive histological makeup is not a definite indication of malignant potential. The definitive role of follow-up radiotherapy for this tumor needs further study. Malignant evolution is rare, but warrants follow-up.

scholarly journals P.021 Surgical management of incidentally discovered diffusely infiltrating glioma

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (S2) ◽  
pp. S19-S19
Author(s):  
M Opoku-Darko ◽  
S Lang ◽  
J Kelly ◽  
M Cadieux
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Idh1 Mutation ◽  
Malignant Progression ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Improve Outcome ◽  
The Mean

Background: Occasionally low grade gliomas (LGGs) are identified incidentally while asymptomatic. The diagnosis of incidental LGGs has become more frequent due to increase in access to medical imaging. While management of these lesions remains controversial, early surgery has been suggested to improve outcome. Methods: All LGGs treated between 2004 and 2016 at our institution were reviewed. Patients with incidentally discovered glioma were identified and retrospectively reviewed. “Incidental” was defined as an abnormality on imaging that was obtained for a reason not attributable to the glioma. Outcomes were measured by overall survival, progression free survival and malignant progression free survival. Results: Thirty-four out of 501 adult patients who were treated for low grade glioma were discovered incidentally. Headache (26%, n=9) and screening (21%, n=7) were the most common indications for brain imaging. The mean duration follow up was 5 years. Twelve patients had disease progression, 5 cases of malignant progression and 4 deaths. Oligodendroglioma was diagnosed in 16 and astrocytoma in 15 patients. Twenty-five (74%) patients had IDH1 mutation and demonstrated prolonged survival. Conclusions: This retrospective cohort of incidentally discovered LGGs were surgically removed with minimal surgical risk. There is improved overall survival likely attributable to the underlying favorable biology of the disease indicated by the presence of IDH1 mutation.

scholarly journals Postoperative Surveillance Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Cerebellar Astrocytoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vassilyadi ◽  
Mohammed F. Shamji ◽  
Zachary Tataryn ◽  
Daniel Keene ◽  
Enrique Ventureyra
Keyword(s):  
Residual Disease ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Postoperative Surveillance ◽  
Cerebellar Astrocytoma ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Chi Squared

Introduction:Patients with low grade astrocytomas generally have good prognosis when total resection can be achieved, but surveillance neuroimaging is commonly performed to detect recurrence or progression. This study evaluated the utility and yield of such strategy for pilocytic and non-pilocytic cerebellar astrocytomas.Methods:A 20-year retrospective review was performed of patients undergoing resection of cerebellar astrocytoma at a single institution. A negative MRI string (NMS) ratio was computed as the fraction of total follow-up period over which surveillance neuroimaging was negative for recurrence or progression. Chi-squared analysis differentiated NMS ratio by resection extent and lesion histopathology.Results:Twenty-eight patients with pilocytic (n=15) and non-pilocytic (n=13) astrocytoma underwent 34 craniotomies, with total resection in 19 cases. Surveillance MRIs (n=167) among total resection patients were uniformly negative for recurrent disease at average seven years follow-up (NMS ratio = 1.0). The 43 surveillance MRIs among subtotal resection patients revealed disease progression in two patients within six months of operation (NMS ratio = 0.78, p<0.05). No differences in NMS ratio were observed between pilocytic and non-pilocytic astrocytoma subtypes.Discussion:This study illustrates pediatric patients with low-grade cerebellar astrocytomas undergoing total resection may not benefit from routine surveillance neuroimaging, primarily because of low recurrence likelihood. Patients with subtotal resection may benefit from surveillance of residual disease, with further work aimed at exploring the schedule of such follow-up.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for pediatric recurrent intracranial ependymomas

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Kano ◽  
Huai-che Yang ◽  
Douglas Kondziolka ◽  
Ajay Niranjan ◽  
Yoshio Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tumor Relapse ◽  
Distant Tumor

Object To evaluate the role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with recurrent or residual intracranial ependymomas after resection and fractionated radiation therapy (RT), the authors assessed overall survival, distant tumor relapse, progression-free survival (PFS), and complications. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 21 children with ependymomas who underwent SRS for 32 tumors. There were 17 boys and 4 girls with a median age of 6.9 years (range 2.9–17.2 years) in the patient population. All patients underwent resection of an ependymoma followed by cranial or neuraxis (if spinal metastases was confirmed) RT. Eleven patients had adjuvant chemotherapy. Twelve patients had low-grade ependymomas (17 tumors), and 9 patients had anaplastic ependymomas (15 tumors). The median radiosurgical target volume was 2.2 cm3 (range 0.1–21.4 cm3), and the median dose to the tumor margin was 15 Gy (range 9–22 Gy). Results Follow-up imaging demonstrated therapeutic control in 23 (72%) of 32 tumors at a mean follow-up period of 27.6 months (range 6.1–72.8 months). Progression-free survival after the initial SRS was 78.4%, 55.5%, and 41.6% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Factors associated with a longer PFS included patients without spinal metastases (p = 0.033) and tumor volumes < 2.2 cm3 (median tumor volume 2.2 cm3, p = 0.029). An interval ≥18 months between RT and SRS was also associated with longer survival (p = 0.035). The distant tumor relapse rate despite RT and SRS was 33.6%, 41.0%, and 80.3% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Factors associated with a higher rate of distant tumor relapse included patients who had spinal metastases before RT (p = 0.037), a fourth ventricle tumor location (p = 0.002), and an RT to SRS interval < 18 months (p = 0.015). The median survival after SRS was 27.6 months (95% CI 19.33–35.87 months). Overall survival after SRS was 85.2%, 53.2%, and 23.0% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Adverse radiation effects developed in 2 patients (9.5%). Conclusions Stereotactic radiosurgery offers an additional option beyond repeat surgery or RT in pediatric patients with residual or recurrent ependymomas after initial management. Patients with smaller-volume tumors and a later recurrence responded best to radiosurgery.

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