Bacteriology of intracranial abscess in children

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Subdural Empyema ◽  
Intracranial Abscess ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The bacteriological and clinical findings in 19 pediatric patients with intracranial abscess are presented. Ten children presented with subdural empyema and nine had brain abscess. Sinusitis was present in 14 children, and dental abscess in two. The abscess was located in the frontal and parietal area in seven instances each, and in the temporal area in five. Anaerobic organisms alone were recovered in 12 (63%) of the patients (including eight with subdural empyema and four with brain abscess), aerobic bacteria alone were present in two children (11%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in five (26%) patients. There were 43 anaerobic isolates (2.3 per specimen). The predominant anaerobes were anaerobic Gram-positive cocci (16 isolates); Bacteroides sp. (10, including two B. fragilis); Fusobacterium sp. (nine isolates); and Actinomyces sp. (five isolates). A total of eight aerobic isolates (0.4 per specimen), including five Gram-positive cocci and three Haemophilus sp., were recovered. Antimicrobial therapy was administered to all patients. Five patients, four with sinusitis and subdural empyema and one with sinusitis and brain abscess, did not respond to antimicrobial therapy and aspiration of the abscess, and required surgical drainage of their inflamed sinuses. These findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in the polymicrobial etiology of intracranial abscess in children.

Reevaluation of an experimental streptococcal canine brain abscess model

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Kurzydlowski ◽  
Cynthia Wollenschlager ◽  
Frank R. Venezio ◽  
Mona Ghobrial ◽  
Morris Marc Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ An experimental cerebral abscess model in which alpha-hemolytic Streptococci were inoculated into the brain parenchyma of dogs was evaluated for assessment of antimicrobial therapy. Intracerebral ring-enhancing lesions were visualized by computerized tomography, but they resolved after time without therapeutic intervention. Histopathological study demonstrated evolution of the lesions into sterile granulomas. Quantitative cultures were performed and uniformly became sterile in the early cerebritis stage, approximately 3 days after bacterial inoculation. Therefore, this brain abscess model should not be utilized for the evaluation of new antimicrobial treatment regimens. Rather, other models which document persistent viable organisms within cerebral abscesses need to be developed.

Surgical treatment of brain abscess and subdural empyema

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Le Beau ◽  
P. Creissard ◽  
L. Harispe ◽  
A. Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Subdural Empyema ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Analysis of a personal series of 274 cases of brain abscess indicates that excision gives better results than aspiration, even in most of the so-called acute abscesses. The general outlines of the neurosurgical treatment are given, with emphasis on emergency procedures. A similar method is advised in cases of acute subdural empyema.

Intracranial Complications of Sinusitis in Children

1982 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Ellen M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surgical Drainage ◽  
Intracranial Abscess ◽  
Periapical Abscess ◽  
Intracranial Complications ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

The cases of two children with periapical abscess in the upper incisors, sinusitis, and intracranial abscess are described. The ethmoid and maxillary sinuses were involved in both patients. Subdural empyema occurred in both, and one of the children had also cerebritis and brain abscess. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the infected subdural empyemas. Peptostreptococcus intermedius and microaerophilic streptococci were recovered in one patient and Fusobacterium sp in the other. Surgical drainage and appropriate antimicrobial therapy resulted in complete eradication of the infection in both patients. The role of anaerobic bacteria and the therapy directed against them in periapical abscess and the sinusitis and intracranial abscess which follow are discussed.

Delayed brain abscess related to a retained foreign body with culture of Clostridium bifermentans

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence L. Pencek ◽  
Kim J. Burchiel
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Intracranial Abscess ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Retained Foreign Body ◽  
Organism Growth ◽  
Clostridium Bifermentans ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Although it is well documented that retained foreign bodies are associated with delayed intracranial abscess, there are few reports of anaerobic organism growth. A case is presented in which a left parieto-occipital abscess surrounded a metallic fragment implanted when a mortar shell exploded in Vietnam 15 years before. The diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of this case are presented.

Use of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating purulent brain processes from cystic brain tumors

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Guzman ◽  
Alain Barth ◽  
Karl-Olof Lövblad ◽  
Marwan El-Koussy ◽  
Joachim Weis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Subdural Empyema ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Brain abscesses and other purulent brain processes represent potentially life-threatening conditions for which immediate correct diagnosis is necessary to administer treatment. Distinguishing between cystic brain tumors and abscesses is often difficult using conventional imaging methods. The authors' goal was to study the ability of diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to differentiate between these two pathologies in patients within the clinical setting. Methods. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging studies and calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were completed in a consecutive series of 16 patients harboring surgically verified purulent brain processes. This study group included 11 patients with brain abscess (one patient had an additional subdural hematoma and another also had ventriculitis), two with subdural empyema, two with septic embolic disease, and one patient with ventriculitis. Data from these patients were compared with similar data obtained in 16 patients matched for age and sex, who harbored surgically verified neoplastic cystic brain tumors. In patients with brain abscess, subdural empyema, septic emboli, and ventriculitis, these lesions appeared hyperintense on DW MR images, whereas in patients with tumor, the lesion was visualized as a hypointense area. The ADC values calculated in patients with brain infections (mean 0.68 × 103 mm2/sec) were significantly lower than those measured in patients with neoplastic lesions (mean 1.63 × 103 mm2/sec; p < 0.05). Conclusions. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging can be used to identify infectious brain lesions and can help to differentiate between brain abscess and cystic brain tumor, thus making it a strong additional imaging modality in the early diagnosis of central nervous system purulent brain processes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of MRSASelect™Chromogenic Medium for the Early Detection of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusfrom Blood Cultures

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. e113-e116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchana Manickam ◽  
Andrew Walkty ◽  
Philippe RS Lagacé-Wiens ◽  
Heather Adam ◽  
Barbara Swan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Chromogenic Medium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

INTRODUCTION:Staphylococcus aureusbacteremia is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. In theory, reducing the turnaround time in reporting of methicillin-resistantS aureus(MRSA) among patients with bactermia could assist with the rapid optimization of antimicrobial therapy.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of MRSASelect(Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA), a chromogenic medium, in the early detection of MRSA from blood cultures growing Gram-positive cocci in clusters, and to confirm that routine use of this medium would, in fact, reduce turnaround time for MRSA identification.METHODS: The present study was conducted at three microbiology laboratories in Manitoba. Between April 2010 and May 2011, positive blood cultures with Gram-positive cocci in clusters visualized on Gram stain were subcultured to both MRSASelectand routine media. MRSA isolates were identified using conventional microbiological methods from routine media and using growth with the typical colony morphology (pink colony) on MRSASelectmedium.RESULTS: A total of 490 blood cultures demonstrating Gram-positive cocci in clusters on Gram stain were evaluated.S aureuswas recovered from 274 blood cultures, with 51S aureusisolates (51 of 274 [18.6%]) identified as MRSA. MRSASelectmedium had a sensitivity of 98%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 99.8% for the recovery and identification of MRSA directly from positive blood culture bottles. In addition, use of MRSASelectmedium was found to improve turnaround time in the detection of MRSA by almost 24 h relative to conventional methods.DISCUSSION: These data support the utility of MRSASelectmedium for the rapid identification of MRSA from positive blood cultures. Further clinical studies are warranted to determine whether the improvement in turnaround time will result in a measurable reduction in suboptimal antimicrobial therapy and/or improvement in patient outcome.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of the iCubate iC-GPC Assay for Detection of Gram-Positive Bacteria and Resistance Markers from Positive Blood Cultures

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Granato ◽  
Melissa M. Unz ◽  
Raymond H. Widen ◽  
Suzane Silbert ◽  
Stephen Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACT The iC-GPC Assay (iCubate, Huntsville, AL) is a qualitative multiplex test for the detection of five of the most common Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium) responsible for bacterial bloodstream infections, performed directly from positive blood cultures. The assay also detects the presence of the mecA, vanA, and vanB resistance determinants. This study comparatively evaluated the performance of the iC-GPC Assay against the Verigene Gram-positive blood culture (BC-GP) assay (Luminex Corp., Austin, TX) for 1,134 patient blood culture specimens positive for Gram-positive cocci. The iC-GPC Assay had an overall percent agreement with the BC-GP assay of 95.5%. Discordant specimens were further analyzed by PCR and a bidirectional sequencing method. The results indicate that the iC-GPC Assay together with the iCubate system is an accurate and reliable tool for the detection of the five most common Gram-positive bacteria and their resistance markers responsible for bloodstream infections.

Działanie in vitro olejku cyprysowego (Oleum Cupressi) na bakterie beztlenowe

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Porphyromonas Levii

Introduction. Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) belongs to the family Cupressaceae. It is evergreen, and grows in Mediterranean region. The Cypress leaves and young branches are utilized to produce the essential oil. Cypress oil contain a number of components, in it α-pinene, Δ3-carene, α-terpinyl acetate, cedrol, α-terpinolene, β-myrcene, limonene, α-terpineolene, terpinen-4-ol, β-pinene, δ-cadinene and sabinene. The oil is used in therapy different diseases. It to have antimicrobial activity. Aim. The aim of the date was evaluation the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to Cypress oil. Material and methods. The anaerobic bacteria were isolated from patients. The 62 microorganisms, in it 36 strains of Gram-negative rods, 14 Gram-positive cocci and 12 Gram-positive rods, and 7 reference strains were tested. Susceptibility (MIC) was determined by means of plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The Cypress oil was dissolved in DMSO and distilled water to obtain final following concentrations: 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. Inoculum containing 106 CFU per 1 ml was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with oil or without the oil (strains growth control). The agar plates was incubated in anaerobic condition in anaerobic jar in 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was interpreted as the lowest concentration of Cypress oil inhibiting the growth of tested bacteria. Results. The results indicated that from among Gram-negative rods the most susceptible to Cypress oil was the strains from genus Tannerella forsythia (MIC < 2.5-5.0 mg/ml), Bacteroides uniformis (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml), Bacteroides vulgatus and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (MIC 5.0-7.5 mg/ml) and Porphyromonas levii (MIC = 7.5 mg/ml). The strains from genera Fusobacterium and of Bacteroides fragilis were the susceptible to 2.5-≥ 20.0 mg/ml. The Cypress oil was least active towards Prevotella and Parabacteroides strains (MIC ≥ 20.0 mg/ml).The tested Gram-positive cocci were more susceptible. The growth of the strains were inhibited by concentrations in ranges ≤ 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The oil was minor active towards Gram-positive rods (MIC ≤ 2.5-20.0 mg/ml). Among the strains the genus of Actinomyces odontolyticus (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml) and Actinomyces viscosus (MIC ≤ 2.5-7.5 mg/ml) were the most susceptible. The growth of rods of Bifidobacterium breve was inhibited by concentrations 10.0 mg/ml. The data indicates that the Gram-negative rods were the less susceptible than Gram-positive bacteria to cypress oil. Conclusions. Among Gram-negative rods the most susceptible were the strains Tannerella forsythia, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Porphyromonas levii. The oil was more active against Gram-positive cocci. Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria demonstrate the more susceptible to Cypress oil then Gram-positive rods.

scholarly journals In VitroActivities of Tedizolid and Linezolid against Gram-Positive Cocci Associated with Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections and Pneumonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 6262-6265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko-Hung Chen ◽  
Yu-Tsung Huang ◽  
Chun-Hsing Liao ◽  
Wang-Hui Sheng ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Streptococcus Anginosus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACTTedizolid is a novel, expanded-spectrum oxazolidinone with potent activity against a wide range of Gram-positive pathogens. A total of 425 isolates of Gram-positive bacteria were obtained consecutively from patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) or pneumonia. These isolates included methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA) (n= 100), methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) (n= 100),Streptococcus pyogenes(n= 50),Streptococcus agalactiae(n= 50),Streptococcus anginosusgroup (n= 75),Enterococcus faecalis(n= 50), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) (Enterococcus faecium) (n= 50). The MICs of tedizolid and linezolid were determined by the agar dilution method. Tedizolid exhibited betterin vitroactivities than linezolid against MSSA (MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml), MRSA (MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml),S. pyogenes(MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml),S. agalactiae(MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml),Streptococcus anginosusgroup (MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml),E. faecalis(MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml), and VRE (MIC90s, 0.5 versus 2 μg/ml). The tedizolid MICs againstE. faecalis(n= 3) and VRE (n= 2) intermediate to linezolid (MICs, 4 μg/ml) were 1 μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The tedizolid MIC90s against S. anginosus,S. constellatus, andS. intermediuswere 0.5, 1, and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively, and the rates of susceptibility based on the U.S. FDA MIC interpretive breakpoints to the isolates were 16%, 28%, and 72%, respectively. Tedizolid exhibited 2- to 4-fold betterin vitroactivities than linezolid against a variety of Gram-positive cocci associated with ABSSSIs and pneumonia. The lower susceptibilities of tedizolid against isolates ofS. anginosusandS. constellatusthan against those ofS. intermediusin Taiwan were noted.

Production of experimental brain abscess in the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Richard Winn ◽  
Michael Mendes ◽  
Paul Moore ◽  
Clarabelle Wheeler ◽  
George Rodeheaver
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Slow Infusion ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Brain Abscess ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Experimental evaluation of brain abscess has been inhibited by the lack of a simple and reproducible model in small animals. A stereotaxic headholder and slow infusion of 1 µl of saline, containing a known number of bacteria, were used to produce brain abscess consistently in the rat. The natural history of the brain abscess produced by this technique closely simulated that found in the human clinical situation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document