AGE-RELATED EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN GREATER OMENTUM

Currently, the greater omentum is widely used in surgery as a source of grafts in reconstructive plastic surgery. Postmortem studies of the greater omentum taken from male and female died individuals of the second mature, elderly and senile age with brachiomorphic, mesomorphic and dolichomorphic body types were carried out. The methodology included aomatoscopic, morphometric methods and the methods of anatomical preparation. It has been established that the greater omentum consists of two parts: secured and unsecured. The secured part of the greater omentum is located between the great curvature of the stomach and the omental band of the transverse colon and is called the gastrocolic ligament. In the second mature, elderly and senile age, the shape and size of the greater omenta are not dependent on the human body type. At the same age periods, the greater omenta of the quadrangular, triangular and irregular shapes are found in women and men. Quadrangular greater omenta occupy the largest area; while the area occupied by the greater omenta of triangular and irregular shape is less. The quadrangular shape of the greater omentum is more favourable for obtaining the graft for transplantation to organs with a large defect. At all ages, the intensity of the development of the adipose tissue in the greater omentum depends on the prominence of subcutaneous adipose tissue, especially in overweight individuals. In the presence of adipose tissue, the following types of the greater omentum have been identified: 1) the greater omentum without adipose tissue; 2) the greater omentum with moderately developed adipose tissue; 3) the greater omentum with excessively developed adipose tissue. The greater omenta without adipose tissue are plastic with clearly visible vessels and their branching. The adipose tissue is located along the vessels, and the areas without adipose tissue are transparent, resembling a thin lace. In greater omenta with excessively developed adipose tissue, the vessels were not verified due to the numerous fat particles that cover the entire surface of the omentum in a continuous layer. The greater omentum with excessively developed adipose tissue becomes thick and loses its flexibility. Before omentoplasty, laparoscopic examination of the greater omentum of overweight patient is advisable in the preoperative period. One of the causes of bowel entrapment there are through holes in the unsecured part of the greater omentum.

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Profiling of Adipose and Skeletal Muscle in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia Reveals Distinct Gene Profiles with Convergent Pathways

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13081975 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1975

Author(s):

Ashok Narasimhan ◽

Xiaoling Zhong ◽

Ernie P. Au ◽

Eugene P. Ceppa ◽

Atilla Nakeeb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Gene Profiling ◽

Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Distinct Gene ◽

Gene Profiles ◽

Age Related ◽

Ion Proton ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

The vast majority of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) suffer cachexia. Although cachexia results from concurrent loss of adipose and muscle tissue, most studies focus on muscle alone. Emerging data demonstrate the prognostic value of fat loss in cachexia. Here we sought to identify the muscle and adipose gene profiles and pathways regulated in cachexia. Matched rectus abdominis muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained at surgery from patients with benign conditions (n = 11) and patients with PDAC (n = 24). Self-reported weight loss and body composition measurements defined cachexia status. Gene profiling was done using ion proton sequencing. Results were queried against external datasets for validation. 961 DE genes were identified from muscle and 2000 from adipose tissue, demonstrating greater response of adipose than muscle. In addition to known cachexia genes such as FOXO1, novel genes from muscle, including PPP1R8 and AEN correlated with cancer weight loss. All the adipose correlated genes including SCGN and EDR17 are novel for PDAC cachexia. Pathway analysis demonstrated shared pathways but largely non-overlapping genes in both tissues. Age related muscle loss predominantly had a distinct gene profiles compared to cachexia. This analysis of matched, externally validate gene expression points to novel targets in cachexia.

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Microdialysis Can Detect Age-Related Differences in Glucose Distribution within the Dermis and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000051638 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 202 (3) ◽

pp. 207-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michael Boschmann ◽

Frank P. Murphy ◽

James G. Krueger

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Age Related ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

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Age-related changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue of adolescent distance runners and association with blood lipoproteins

Annals of Human Biology ◽

10.1080/03014460110092252 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 389-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. C. Eisenmann ◽

R. M. Malina

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Distance Runners ◽

Age Related ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose ◽

Age Related Changes

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Tumour Necrosis Receptor Superfamily Interact with the Mitochondrial Dynamics in Adipose Tissue in Obese Patients without Type 2 Diabetes

10.20944/preprints202108.0506.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daria Shunkina (Skuratovskaia) ◽

Alexandra Komar ◽

Maria Vulf ◽

Hung Vu Quang ◽

Egor Shunkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽

Greater Omentum ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Tnf Superfamily ◽

The Face ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Interactions between receptors and ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) provide costimulatory signals that control the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function of immune cells. All components of the TNF superfamily are associated with NF-kB functions that are not limited to cell death and may promote survival in the face of adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Inflammation and pro-inflammatory dysfunction of mitochondria are key factors associated with insulin resistance in obesity. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of soluble forms of receptors and ligands of the TNF superfam-ily in blood plasma with mitochondrial dynamics in adipose tissue (greater omentum (GO) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (Sat)) of obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increased plasma sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, sTNFRSF8 receptors and ligands TNFSF12, TNFSF13, TNFSF13B are characteristic of obese patients without T2DM. Increases in TNFSF12, TNFSF13B, and sTNF-R1 levels are associated with decreased glucose concentration and decreased BMI in obese patients. The gene expression levels responsible for regulating mitochondrial dynamics were increased in obese patients without T2DM and were unbalanced in patients with obesity and T2DM.

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Sexual dimorphism in age-related changes in UCP2 and leptin gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/s0955-2863(01)00158-9 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 444-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jordi Pericàs ◽

Paula Oliver ◽

Ramón Guitard ◽

Catalina Picó ◽

Andreu Palou

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Age Related ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose ◽

Age Related Changes

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Quantitative Imaging of Body Composition

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1708824 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (04) ◽

pp. 375-385

Author(s):

Robert Hemke ◽

Colleen Buckless ◽

Martin Torriani

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Quantitative Imaging ◽

Lean Tissue ◽

Imaging Methods ◽

Age Related ◽

Multiple Imaging ◽

Generalized Processes ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

AbstractBody composition refers to the amount and distribution of lean tissue, adipose tissue, and bone in the human body. Lean tissue primarily consists of skeletal muscle; adipose tissue comprises mostly abdominal visceral adipose tissue and abdominal and nonabdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Hepatocellular and myocellular lipids are also fat pools with important metabolic implications. Importantly, body composition reflects generalized processes such as increased adiposity in obesity and age-related loss of muscle mass known as sarcopenia.In recent years, body composition has been extensively studied quantitatively to predict overall health. Multiple imaging methods have allowed precise estimates of tissue types and provided insights showing the relationship of body composition to varied pathologic conditions. In this review article, we discuss different imaging methods used to quantify body composition and describe important anatomical locations where target tissues can be measured.

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Profiling of Matched Adipose and Skeletal Muscle in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia Reveals Distinct Gene Profiles with Convergent Pathways

10.20944/preprints202103.0658.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ashok Narasimhan ◽

Xiaoling Zhong ◽

Ernie Au ◽

Eugene P. Ceppa ◽

Atilla Nakeeb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Gene Profiling ◽

Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Distinct Gene ◽

Gene Profiles ◽

Age Related ◽

Ion Proton ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

The vast majority of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) suffer cachexia. Although cachexia results from concurrent loss of adipose and muscle tissue, most studies focus on muscle alone. Emerging data demonstrate the prognostic value of fat loss in cachexia. Here we sought to identify the muscle and adipose gene profiles and pathways regulated in cachexia. Matched rectus abdominis muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained at surgery from patients with benign conditions (n=11) and patients with PDAC (n=24). Self-reported weight loss and body composition measurements defined cachexia status. Gene profiling was done using Ion proton sequencing. Results were queried against external datasets for validation. 961 DE genes were identified from muscle and 2000 from adipose tissue, demonstrating greater response of adipose than muscle. In addition to known cachexia genes such as FOXO1, novel genes from muscle, including PPP1R8 and AEN correlated with cancer weight loss. All the adipose correlated genes including SCGN and EDR17 are novel for PDAC cachexia. Pathway analysis demonstrated shared pathways but largely non-overlapping genes in both tissues. Age related muscle loss predominantly had a distinct gene profiles compared to cachexia. This analysis of matched, externally validate gene expression points to novel targets in cachexia.

Download Full-text