scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonizers among Basic Science MBBS and BDS Students of Kathmandu Medical College

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (233) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Sharma ◽  
Beena Jha ◽  
Chandra Prakash Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Introduction: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus exhibit multiple drug resistance phenotypes. Colonizers harboring Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus are often associated with its outbreaks in both hospital and community settings. This study was done to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage rate of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among basic science MBBS and BDS students of Kathmandu Medical College. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Kathmandu Medical College from March 5 to June 5 2020. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee with reference no. 040320201. A convenient sampling method was used, and the sample size was calculated with a prevalence of 50%. Two hundred students studying MBBS and BDS were enrolled. The nasal swab was collected and processed using standard microbiological methods. The data obtained were computed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 16.0 Version. Results: Among 200 participants, 9 (4.5%) were found to be nasal carriers of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: Colonization of anterior nares by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in apparently healthy individuals is a cause of concern. Education regarding Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, its carrier and significance, and its screening must be included early on in MBBS and BDS.

MRSA REMAINS A GREAT PRIORITY DUE TO THE TREMENDOUS MORTALITY --- A BIRD'S EYE VIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Rao M. V ◽  
Mubasheer Ali ◽  
Yogendra Kumar Verma ◽  
Dilip Mathai ◽  
Tina Priscilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Benzyl Penicillin ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is difcult to treat with methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and other commonly used antibiotics because of its resistance. Staphylococcus organisms rapidly develop drug resistance as many as 50% of the domiciliary and 80% of the hospital strains are now penicillin resistant. Staphylococcus aureus also show multiple drug resistance. Therefore, Staphylococcal isolates should always be tested for antimicrobial sensitivity and chronic infection should be treated by more than one drug. Before 1960,when methicillin, is the rst penicillin's-resistant penicillin's, was brought into use, about 1%of the strains of the Staphylococcus aureus were "methicillin resistant" and by 1970 in Britain their proportion has risen to about 5%.These strains are tolerant of, low therapeutic concentrations of methicillin, cloxacillin, benzyl penicillin and ampicillin.They do not destroy methicillin and cloxacillin, but most of them are penicillinase-producing as well as being "methicillin resistant" and therefore inactivate benzyl penicillin and ampicillin. Its resistance is uncertain since infections may be cured with a high dose of methicillin.

scholarly journals Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Health Care Workers of a Tertiary Care Infectious Disease Hospital in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shah ◽  
Binod Dhungel ◽  
Anup Bastola ◽  
Megh Raj Banjara ◽  
Komal Raj Rijal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infectious Disease Hospital ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Disease Hospital

Objectives: Acquisition of mecA gene in infectious strains of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are considered as one of the potential virulence factors that enables the host bacteria to carry out several nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA, their antibiogram and mecA gene in the bacterial isolates obtained from the asymptomatic healthcare workers (HCWs) working in Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH), Kathmandu Nepal. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study involved the collection of nasal and hands swab of 125 randomly selected HCWs from December 2019 to February 2020. Conventional microbiological methods were used to isolate and identify S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA was confirmed by using cefoxitin disc. Detection of mecA gene in the chromosome which was extracted by Phenol: Chloroform: isoamyl alcohol DNA extraction method, amplified by using PCR and visualized by running agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The overall and MRSA carriage rate among the HCWs was found to be 28% (35/125) and 10.4% (13/125) respectively. S. aureus carriage rate was highest among sanitation staffs (34.2%) followed by pharmacy staffs (33.3%), laboratory personnel (18.8%), doctors (9.1%) and nurses (7.5%). Similarly, 34.2% (13/38) of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to methicillin, 31.6% (12/38) were inducible-clindamycin resistant and 63.2% (24/38) of them were multi-drug resistant (MDR). All the 13 MRSA isolates harbored the mecA gene. Conclusions: Carriage rate of MRSA among HCWs was high and alarming, indicating the prompt need of intervention measures to curb the growth and spread of resistant isolates in the hospital settings. Effective surveillance (of infectious diseases) and establishment of advanced diagnostic facilities can assist in estimating the actual burden of the MRSA which in turn helps to formulate and implement the appropriate policies and infection-control programs to address the increasing antimicrobial resistance in the country.  

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus In Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 673-677
Author(s):  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed ◽  
Shakhaowat Hossain ◽  
Babul Aktar ◽  
Nusrat Akhtar Juyee ◽  
SM Ali Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical College

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. To combat the challenge of life threatening MRSA remains a primary focus of most hospital infection control programs6. This study is undertaken in Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College Hospital to identify the MRSA for determination of its prevalence and is considered a component of an infection control program in many countries5.Methods: Three hundred seventy hospitalized patients of surgery and medicine departments were studied during 2015. Clinical information of the patients and their pus, wound swab, sputum, throat swab and CSF were cultured.Results: Out of 370 patients, pus and wound swab of 217 (59%) had wound infection, sputum and throat swab of 141 had respiratory tract infection (38%) and CSF of 12 (3.2%) had meningitis were aseptically collected and cultured. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 51% cases and out of them MRSA was identified in 72 (73%) cases. MRSA isolated in 50% cases of meningitis, 49% cases of respiratory tract infection and 29% cases of wound infection.Conclusion: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus appeared as a common cause of major illness and death and impose serious economic costs on patients and hospitals of our area like other developing countries. Detection of MRSA was associated with more severe clinical presentation.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-1, Jul 2016, Page 673-677

scholarly journals Ceftaroline Desensitization Procedure in a Pregnant Patient With Multiple Drug Allergies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Kuhlen ◽  
Kimberly G. Blumenthal ◽  
Caroline L. Sokol ◽  
Diana S. Balekian ◽  
Ana A. Weil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia

Abstract Validated skin testing is lacking for many drugs, including ceftaroline. The cross-reactivity between ceftaroline and other β-lactam antibiotics is unknown. We report a case of a pregnant patient with cystic fibrosis and multiple drug allergies who required ceftaroline for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia and underwent an uncomplicated empiric desensitization procedure.

scholarly journals The Frequency of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Gene Polymorphism in Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend M. Abdulghany ◽  
Rasha M. Khairy
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Rflp Typing

The current study aimed to use Coagulase gene polymorphism to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) subtypes isolated from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Egypt, evaluate the efficiency of these methods in discriminating variable strains, and compare these subtypes with antibiotypes. A total of 400 specimens were collected from nasal carriers in Minia governorate, Egypt, between March 2012 and April 2013. Fifty-eight strains (14.5%) were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods as MRSA. The identified isolates were tested by Coagulase gene RFLP typing. Out of 58 MRSA isolates 15 coa types were classified, and the amplification products showed multiple bands (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 bands). Coagulase gene PCR-RFLPs exhibited 10 patterns that ranged from 1 to 8 fragments with AluI digestion. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing with a panel of 8 antimicrobial agents showed 6 different antibiotypes. Antibiotype 1 was the most common phenotype with 82.7%. The results have demonstrated that many new variants of the coa gene are present in Minia, Egypt, different from those reported in the previous studies. So surveillance of MRSA should be continued.

scholarly journals Detection of mecA gene by latex agglutination and its molecular analysis by PCR in methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370
Author(s):  
Aneela Khawaja ◽  
Iffat Javed ◽  
Sohaila Mushtaq ◽  
Saeed Anwar ◽  
Faiqa Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Agglutination Method ◽  
Resistant Strains

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a devastating question that is threatening the health globally. The extensive and indiscriminative use of antibiotics has evolved a notorious resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.  This resistance developed through possession of mecA gene, which codes for modified penicillin binding protein (PBP2a) and the emergent strain being labeled “methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus”. Conventional phenotypic techniques for detection of MRSA rely on standardization of cultural characteristics. The drawbacks of diagnostic error to report MRSA include: poor prognosis, expensive treatment, dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains and even treatment failure. Latex agglutination method can be adopted as a more accurate and quick strategy for rapid detection of methicillin resistance. Objectives: To compare detection of mecA gene in methicillin resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by latex agglutination and PCR; by assessing the sensitivity and specificity of both methods. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Pathology Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Period: From January 2015 to December 2015; according to standard operating procedures at Microbiology laboratory. Material & Methods: A total 713 consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were processed. Methicillin resistance was determined using cefoxitin (30mg) by Kirby-Bauer method using CLSI guideline (2016), latex agglutination method; and PCR for mecA gene. Results: The results showed that out of 713 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 92 (12.90%) isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and were labelled as MRSA. majority MRSA isolates recovered from pus (44.57%) and wound swab (20.65%), followed by blood (13.04%), fluid (8.70%), CSF (4.35%), CVP (3.26%), HVS (3.26%) and tracheal secretion (2.17%). By latex agglutination method, 87 (94.50%) were positive for PBP2a; while on PCR mecA gene was detected only in 82 (89.10%) MRSA isolates. When assessed with PCR (gold standard) the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of latex agglutination was 100% and 94.57%, respectively. Conclusion: Latex agglutination test can be employed as rapid and reliable diagnostic technique in MRSA isolates for mecA gene detection, where resources for molecular methods are inadequate. This can effectually lessen the misdiagnosis of resistant strains, and over/ ill-use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus with reference to MRSA isolates from pediatric patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Gurung ◽  
Prashanna Maharjan ◽  
Ganga GC
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important superbugs distributed throughout the world. It causes minor skin infections to severe complications including nosocomial infections in both hospitals and community settings. These strains have multi-drug resistant property. Hence, they are difficult to manage which increase health-related costs and simultaneously intensifying the need for new antibiotics. The extent of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in children is largely unknown. The study determines the current status of S. aureus and MRSA causing various infections in pediatric patients visiting International Friendship Children’s Hospital (IFCH). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting a hospital. Various clinical specimens were aseptically collected and processed according to standard microbiological procedures. Isolation and identification of S. aureus were done by microscopy, mannitol fermentation, and coagulase positivity. All identified S. aureus isolates subjected to in-vitro antibiogram by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique adopting Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin were considered to be MRSA. Whereas, isolates produced D-shaped inhibition zone around clindamycin when kept near erythromycin were considered to be Inducible Clindamycin Resistant (ICR). Results: 672 various types of clinical samples were processed from the microbiology laboratory from June and November 2015. Out of 300 culture positive samples, 52 (17.3%) were S. aureus isolates, among them 39 (75.0%) were found to be MRSA. The D-test showed that Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin-B (MLSB) phenotype was 15.4%. Conclusion: The study shows the MRSA occurrence is prevalent in pediatric patients and newer classes’ drugs are found more effective than β-lactam drugs to treat S. aureus infection. However, restriction on the indiscriminate use of such drugs may be an effective strategy to control the drug resistance. Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotype, Inducible Clindamycin Resistant (ICR) test or D-zone test, Antibiotic resistance, Nepal

scholarly journals Certified Athletic Trainers' Knowledge of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Common Disinfectants

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leamor Kahanov ◽  
Elizabeth J. Gilmore ◽  
Lindsey E. Eberman ◽  
Jeffrey Roberts ◽  
Tamar Semerjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Certified Athletic Trainers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
National Athletic Trainers Association

Context: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are increasingly common in athletic settings. The MRSA knowledge and infection-control practices of certified athletic trainers (ATs) and the cleanliness of the athletic training room are important factors in preventing MRSA infections. Objective: To assess knowledge of MRSA and the use of common disinfectants among ATs and to explore their infection-control practices. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: High school and collegiate athletic training rooms. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 163 ATs from National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I, II, and III and high schools, representing all 10 National Athletic Trainers' Association districts. Main Outcome Measure(s): Frequencies, analyses of variance, and χ2 tests were used to assess current practices and opinions and relationships between factors. Results: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was perceived as a national problem by 92% of respondents; 57% perceived MRSA as a problem in their practice setting. Most respondents had treated general infections (88%), staphylococcal infections (75%), and MRSA infections (57%). Male sex was associated with treating all 3 types of infections (χ2 test, P < .05). Noncurriculum education was associated with a lack of recognition of environmental issues as risk factors and with the use of isopropyl alcohol for disinfection (χ2 test, P < .05). For example, 10% of respondents did not recognize that contaminated whirlpools can be a source of MRSA infection. Respondents also incorrectly identified effective cleaning solutions. Thirty percent of respondents cleaned their hands frequently or sometimes before treating each athlete and 35% cleaned their hands sometimes, occasionally, or never after seeing each athlete. Conclusions: The majority of ATs were informed about MRSA and made correct disinfection choices. However, improvements are still needed, and not all ATs were using proper disinfection practices.

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