scholarly journals Pharmaco-Economic Aspects of Antibiotic Prescriptions in Clinics of Kathmandu

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (152) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Chandra Jauhari ◽  
A Pokharel ◽  
N Palikharel ◽  
N Shrestha ◽  
BS Rao
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Human Immune

Antibiotics (AB) are the most widely prescribed group of drugs and their use is associated with increasingrate of AB resistance. Nearly one third of prescriptions of physicians for colds, upper respiratory tractinfections and bronchitis are of AB as documented in previous studies. Antibiotic use is associated withincreased cost of financial burden, which may be difficult to be borne by the patients in developing countrieslike Nepal.The objective was study the prescribing pattern of Antibiotic preparations in various diseases and to findout how the treatment could become more pharmaco-economic without compromising the quality of service.A cross sectional study of prescription pattern of antibiotics/drugs in which antibiotics were used fromrandomly selected 20 private clinics of four major specialties in Kathmandu valley.Total No. of prescriptions audited were 386, average number of drugs/per prescription was 2.74.Maximum antibiotics were prescribed for age group 21-40 years in gynecological, surgical and medicalproblems, in Pediatrics maximum AB were prescribed between 1-12 years.Minimum antibiotics were prescribed between 13-20 years for gynecological and Pediatric problems. Inmedical and surgical problems, minimums AB were administered between 41-60 years. Above 60 yearsalmost no AB were used.Males were prescribed more AB than females (73% for surgical, 62% for medical and 53% for Pediatricproblems)Only in 20.25% patients, AB were prescribed after proper diagnosis and sensitivity testsMaximum cost of prescription was 510 Nepali rupees (NR) for treatment of STD in Gynecology.Key Words: Antibiotics, Cost, Human Immune deficiency Virus, Kathmandu, Private Clinics, Pharmacoeconomic, Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Women with Cancer and Its Influencing Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sheikhalipour ◽  
Akram Ghahramanian ◽  
Alavieh Fateh ◽  
Rasol Ghiahi ◽  
Tonia C Onyeka
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eortc Qlq ◽  
Financial Burden Of Cancer

Introduction: Studies show that some of the factors such as pain and psychological changes could decrease the quality of life of patients with cancer. The understanding of these factors can enhance the effectiveness and process of cancer treatment. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate the quality of life in women with cancer and its influencing factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was carried out in the city of Tabriz in the northwestern part of Iran in 2016. The sample consisted of 150 women diagnosed with cancer. The EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3) was used for evaluating the quality of life of the women. The collected data were analyzed in the SPSS ver. 13 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Also, t-test and ANOVA test were applied to investigate the correlation between the dimensions of quality of life and socio-demographic variables. P < 0.05 denoted as statistically significant. Results: The results showed that the quality of life in the function and symptoms dimensions were in acceptable levels. In the function dimension, the highest and lowest scores belonged to the cognitive and emotional domains, respectively. Also, those women who had the symptoms of insomnia and fatigue, and reported the pressure due to financial burden of cancer treatment had a significantly lower quality of life. A low score was reported in general health dimension. No statistically significant relationships were reported between the socio-demographic characteristics and the women’s quality of life and its dimensions. Conclusion: Since sleeplessness and fatigue reduce the quality of life in women with cancer, nursing interventions are required to relieve cancer-related symptoms. The financial burden of cancer treatment is high. Therefore, governmental and insurance agencies should help with the costs paid by the patients and prevent from reducing their quality of life.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Antibiotic Prescription Pattern among Dentists in Guangzhou: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jiali Yu ◽  
Er-Min Nie ◽  
Rui Jiang ◽  
Chun-Yuan Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Management ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors

Aim. To assess the rational use of drugs and the pattern of prescribing of analgesics and antibiotics for dental management and the information given by dentists in Guangzhou to their patients about the use of these drugs. Methods. A questionnaire was distributed to 225 dentists working in Guangzhou. The questionnaires consisted of open-ended questions and were given to dentists about analgesic and antibiotic use in dentistry. The questionnaires were analyzed, and absolute frequencies were expressed in the answers to each question. The cases, the analgesics, and the antibiotics recommended by the dentists for each case were determined by the frequency analysis method of descriptive statistics. Results. Responses to the questionnaire were received from 164 (72.9%) dentists. Paracetamol and diclofenac were the most widely prescribed analgesics. It is also estimated that selective COX-2 inhibitors or opioid analgesics have not been administered by dentists. The antibiotics primarily used for treatment were amoxicillin and metronidazole, and amoxicillin was used for prophylaxis. While more than 80% of dentists indicated that they provided their patients with information on the use of antibiotics, the quality of the information was limited. Patients were primarily instructed by dentists to observe the dosage and dose intervals of the prescription drugs. Conclusions. The results of the present study demonstrated that dentists most commonly prescribe paracetamol and diclofenac as analgesics, amoxicillin, and metronidazole for the therapy of periodontal, endodontic, and surgical procedures. The results also showed that dentists informed their patients inadequately about analgesic and antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Effects of Clinical Pathway Implementation in Management of Pediatric Inpatients with Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7281-7288
Author(s):  
Assajada Lizikri ◽  
Wawaimuli Arozal ◽  
Hesty Utami Ramadaniati
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Pathway ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Discernible Difference ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Antibiotics are the mainstay treatment for bacterial pneumonia so their use should be clearly mentioned in the pneumonia clinical pathway (CP). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pneumonia CP in pediatrics. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a private hospital in Indonesia. The inclusion criteria were pediatric patients admitted with pneumonia in the period of January-December 2017 (pre-CP period) and January-December 2018 (post-CP) and receiving antibiotics. The effectiveness of CP was evaluated according to four parameters: length of stay, clinical outcomes, quality (Gyssens antibiogram) and quantity of antibiotics. A total of 121 eligible patients’ medical records were analyzed (60 before and 61 after CP implementation). Second and third generation cephalosporins (42.1%) predominated the use of antibiotics pre-CP period, whilst aminoglycosides (59.6%) constituted more than half of antibiotic use in post-CP group. More than half of the patients stayed in the hospital not more than 3 days pre-CP period vs 31.1% post-CP period. Nearly all patients had good clinical outcomes during hospitalization between both periods. The proportion of quality of antibiotics was less than 5% either before or after CP implementation. The quantity of antibiotics post-CP (408.42 defined daily dose/DDD per 100 patient days) was almost two times of pre-CP period (222.42 DDD per 100 patient days). In conclusion, implementation of CP could not achieve the targeted goals to reduce the length of hospitalization and improve the antibiotic use. No discernible difference was observed in clinical outcomes before and after CP implementation.

scholarly journals Hospital Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern in General Surgery Specialty: Analysis Based on the WHO Access, Watch and Reserve (AWaRe) Classification

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Mounika Peddireddy ◽  
Juveriya Mahin ◽  
Amarnath Uppu ◽  
Satyanarayana S. V. Padi
Keyword(s):  
General Surgery ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Surgical site infections are a prevalent cause of nosocomial infections that require antibiotic prophylaxis. Emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance is a major global public health issue that must be addressed. Eventually, antibiotic prescribing pattern should be examined in order to ensure that antibiotics are used appropriately and that their effectiveness is preserved. Objective: To evaluate hospital antibiotic prescribing pattern emphasizing on cephalosporins in general surgery specialty using the WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 658 hospitalized patients who received prophylactic antibiotics in general surgery specialty for six months. The data were analysed using the ‘WHO prescribing indicators’ and examined for the WHO ‘AWaRe’ categories. The acquired data was subjected to descriptive statistics. Results: Per encounter, the average number of drugs and antibiotics prescribed were 3.8 and 1.3, respectively. 83.4% encounters were with at least one antibiotic and 94.5% encounters had parenteral antibiotics. 31.3% and 77.8% antibiotics were prescribed by generic name and from the Essential Medicines List, respectively. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were the third generation cephalosporins (36.8%) wherein ceftriaxone (22.0%) and cefoperazone (7.2%) were the two most commonly prescribed. A total of 14 specific antibiotics, ‘Access’ 5 and ‘Watch’ 9 were prescribed. Based on the WHO AWaRe classification, 42.3% ‘Access’ and 57.7% ‘Watch’ group antibiotics prescribed. All the prescribed cephalosporins (100%) were from the ‘Watch’ category. Amikacin (13.5%) and ceftriaxone (22.0%) were the most commonly prescribed ‘Access’ and ‘Watch’ group antibiotics, respectively. Amoxicillin index was 7.5 and ‘Access-to-Watch’ index was 0.7, which were much below the priority values. Conclusion: The antibiotic prescription pattern seen in this study did not entirely meet the WHO recommendations. Antibiotics from the ‘Watch’ category, notably cephalosporins, were commonly prescribed. To retain antibiotic effectiveness and encourage rational antibiotic use, as well as to overcome antibiotic resistance, changes and surveillance antibiotics prescribing are required.

scholarly journals Pharmaco-Economic Aspects and Pattern of Antibiotic Precriptions in Four Major Hospitals in Kathmandu

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (151) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
A C Jauhari ◽  
A Pokharel ◽  
N Palikhe ◽  
N Shrestha ◽  
B S Rao
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background: Antibiotics are extensively prescribed drugs and their use is associated with increasing rateof antibiotic resistance. Nearly one third of prescriptions of physicians for colds, upper respiratory tractinfections and bronchitis are of anticiotics as documented in previous studies. Antibiotic use is associatedwith higher cost of prescriptions, which is impracticable to low socioeconomic groups in Nepal. Besidesthis patients have little knowledge about the use of antibiotics as shown by previous study of antibiotics usedin randomly selected 20 private clinics of Kathmandu valley.13To study the prescribing pattern of Antibiotic preparations in various diseases and to find out how thetreatment could become more pharmaco-economic in government hospitals, without compromising thequality of service.The results were as under Total No. of prescriptions audited were 522, average numbers of drugs/perprescription were 2.61.Maximum antibiotics were received in age group 21-41 y in gynecological, surgical and medical problems,in Pediatrics maximum antibiotics were prescribed between 1-12 years.Minimum antibiotics were prescribed between 13-20 y for gynecological and Pediatric problems. In medicaland surgical problems, minimum antibiotics was administered between 41-60 years. Above 60 years almostno antibiotics were used.Males were prescribed more antibiotics then females (73% for surgical, 62% for medical and 53% forPediatric problems)Only in 24.5% patients, antibiotics were prescribed after proper diagnosis and sensitivity testsMaximum cost of Prescription was 638 Nepali Rupees for treatment of sexually transmitted infection inGynecology.Key Words: Antibiotics, Cost, Private Clinics, Pharmacoeconomic, Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

Hearing Outcome of Stapes Surgery in NIENT, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Md Zakaria Sarkar ◽  
AHM Ferdows Nur ◽  
Utpal Kumar Dutta ◽  
Muhammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Debabrota Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Progressive Hearing Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hearing Gain ◽  
Hearing Outcome

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate hearing outcome after stapedotomy in patients with Otosclerosis. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from July 2017 to January 2019 in National Institute of ENT, Unit V. About 22 patients with Otosclerosis were included in this study. Diagnosis of Otosclerosis was based on the history, medical status with Otoscopy, Tuning fork tests and Audiometric tests. We compiled data on the pre and post operative air-bone gap (ABG) at 0.5, 1, 2 KHZ. The ABG was Calculated using AC and BC thresholds on the same audiogram. Post operative hearing gain was then Calculated from the ABG before the operation minus the ABG of the last follow up examination Results: In this study most of the cases were age group 14-30 years (72.7%), female (54.5%). Most common symptoms was progressive hearing loss, tinnitus (77.8%).The average preoperative hearing loss in this study was (AC) was 48.31±7.68. The average post opt. hearing (AC) at follow up was 28.95±10.30 with an average hearing gain of 15.40±8.53 dB which was significant. The average pre-operative ABG was 28.99 dB ± 8.10. The average post opt. ABG was analyzed at 1 follow up showed ABG 13.18±8.09 dB which was found to be significant. Conclusion: Stapedotomy is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of otosclerosis which leads to improvement in patient’s quality of life. A favorable hearing outcome can be obtained by the combination of experienced hands with minimal surgical trauma and appropriate surgical technique. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2020; 26(1): 31-36

The impact of the use of a footrest on the quality of chest compressions. A prospective, randomized, cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Majer ◽  
Sandra Pyda ◽  
Jerzy Robert Ladny ◽  
Antonio Rodriguez-Nunez ◽  
Lukasz Szarpak
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact
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