scholarly journals Analgesic and Antibiotic Prescription Pattern among Dentists in Guangzhou: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jiali Yu ◽  
Er-Min Nie ◽  
Rui Jiang ◽  
Chun-Yuan Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Management ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors

Aim. To assess the rational use of drugs and the pattern of prescribing of analgesics and antibiotics for dental management and the information given by dentists in Guangzhou to their patients about the use of these drugs. Methods. A questionnaire was distributed to 225 dentists working in Guangzhou. The questionnaires consisted of open-ended questions and were given to dentists about analgesic and antibiotic use in dentistry. The questionnaires were analyzed, and absolute frequencies were expressed in the answers to each question. The cases, the analgesics, and the antibiotics recommended by the dentists for each case were determined by the frequency analysis method of descriptive statistics. Results. Responses to the questionnaire were received from 164 (72.9%) dentists. Paracetamol and diclofenac were the most widely prescribed analgesics. It is also estimated that selective COX-2 inhibitors or opioid analgesics have not been administered by dentists. The antibiotics primarily used for treatment were amoxicillin and metronidazole, and amoxicillin was used for prophylaxis. While more than 80% of dentists indicated that they provided their patients with information on the use of antibiotics, the quality of the information was limited. Patients were primarily instructed by dentists to observe the dosage and dose intervals of the prescription drugs. Conclusions. The results of the present study demonstrated that dentists most commonly prescribe paracetamol and diclofenac as analgesics, amoxicillin, and metronidazole for the therapy of periodontal, endodontic, and surgical procedures. The results also showed that dentists informed their patients inadequately about analgesic and antibiotic use.

The situation of antibiotic use for diarrhea treatment on pediatric inpatient at Pediatrics - Kien Giang General Hospital in 2019-2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Nhon Tran Van ◽  
Mai Do Van ◽  
Hien Ha Minh
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Loose Stool ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Watery Stool ◽  
Pediatric Inpatient

Background: To survey for evaluation the use of antibiotic for diarrhea treatment on pediatric inpatient in compliance with MOH, WHO or treatment regimen. Objectives: (1) To describe the situation of antibiotic use for diarrhea treatment and (2) to determine factors that affected on indication of antibiotic for pediatric inpatient under 15 years at Kien Giang General Hospital in 2019. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study on 251 medical records of pediatric inpatients who treated by one of any drug from 01/2019 to 12/2019. Results: one antibiotic was prescribed in 71.7% in comparison with 17.1% on two antibiotics. The antibiotic prescription was based on the results of blood test including examinations of white blood cells (WBC), the percentage of neutrophils (Neu%) and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) (59.4%), stool with white blood cells and/or red blood cells (1.6%), high fever without causes (27.9%), watery stool (86.3%), loose stool with blood (100%), loose stool (97.9%). The most used antibiotics are ceftriaxone (53.4%), ciprofloxacin (12.4%). Duration of antibiotic use is 5 days in median. Conclusion: The rate of antibiotic prescription that met MOH and WHO guidelines was 88.3% in comparison with 11.7% of non-conformance. The compliance prescriptions based on antibiogram were 77.8%, non-compliance were 22.5%. The compliance dosage refered to guideline was 86.4%, non-conpliance was 2.4%. The duration of hospitalization and neutrophil are factors that affected the use of antibiotics (p < 0.05). Keywords: diarrhea, pediatric inpatient, antibiotic, Pediatrics-Kien Giang General Hospital

scholarly journals Pharmaco-Economic Aspects of Antibiotic Prescriptions in Clinics of Kathmandu

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (152) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Chandra Jauhari ◽  
A Pokharel ◽  
N Palikharel ◽  
N Shrestha ◽  
BS Rao
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Human Immune

Antibiotics (AB) are the most widely prescribed group of drugs and their use is associated with increasingrate of AB resistance. Nearly one third of prescriptions of physicians for colds, upper respiratory tractinfections and bronchitis are of AB as documented in previous studies. Antibiotic use is associated withincreased cost of financial burden, which may be difficult to be borne by the patients in developing countrieslike Nepal.The objective was study the prescribing pattern of Antibiotic preparations in various diseases and to findout how the treatment could become more pharmaco-economic without compromising the quality of service.A cross sectional study of prescription pattern of antibiotics/drugs in which antibiotics were used fromrandomly selected 20 private clinics of four major specialties in Kathmandu valley.Total No. of prescriptions audited were 386, average number of drugs/per prescription was 2.74.Maximum antibiotics were prescribed for age group 21-40 years in gynecological, surgical and medicalproblems, in Pediatrics maximum AB were prescribed between 1-12 years.Minimum antibiotics were prescribed between 13-20 years for gynecological and Pediatric problems. Inmedical and surgical problems, minimums AB were administered between 41-60 years. Above 60 yearsalmost no AB were used.Males were prescribed more AB than females (73% for surgical, 62% for medical and 53% for Pediatricproblems)Only in 20.25% patients, AB were prescribed after proper diagnosis and sensitivity testsMaximum cost of prescription was 510 Nepali rupees (NR) for treatment of STD in Gynecology.Key Words: Antibiotics, Cost, Human Immune deficiency Virus, Kathmandu, Private Clinics, Pharmacoeconomic, Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE REGARDING ANTIBIOTICS MISUSE AMONG THE PUBLIC IN SAUDI ARABIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: improper use of antibiotics lead to one of the serious problems of bacterial resistance. Aim: to assess the frequency of antibiotic use and to obtain information about antibiotic prescription, in two centers in Northern Lima, Peru. Methods: it is cross sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: 1961surveys were considered, Two thirds received antibiotics in the last year, to obtain these drugs, were prescribed by a physician, most of physicians agreed in the importance of inadequate use of antibiotics and 85.1%prescribed antibiotics more than once every day. Internet is a useful resource of information as suggested by physicians to develop educative programs about use of antibiotics. Conclusions: No enough knowledge about adequate use of antibiotics in the community, three quarters would go to hospital if they presented upper respiratory tract symptoms and half received an antibiotic prescription by the physician, if physicians prescribed antibiotics more than once every day, it leads to resistance. Keywords: Knowledge, attitudes, practices, antibiotics, resistance

scholarly journals LEVEL OF PATIENT SATISFACTION TOWARDS PHARMACY SERVICES IN KIMIA FARMA TALANGSARI PHARMACY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Rina Dias Agustina ◽  
Amaliyah Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive

Pharmacy is one of the health service place that has product and service activities that are highly dependent on patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction can be used as a benchmark for companies to develop their business in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at Kimia Farma Pharmacy Talangsari Jember. The type of this research was qualitative descriptive using cross sectional study. The population were patients who came to buy prescription or non-prescription drugs at the Kimia Farma Pharmacy Talangsari Jember in June 2020 with a total samples of 100 patients. The result showed that patient satisfaction to the services at Kimia Farma Pharmacy Talangsari Jember were quiet satisfied in reliability dimensions (60%) and tangible dimensions (55%) also in responsiveness dimensions (48%) and less satisfied in empathy dimensions (54%) and assurance dimensions (41%). It can be concluded that the level of patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at Kimia Farma Pharmacy Talangsari Jember were  Keywords: level of satisfaction, quality of service

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in an Outpatient Antibiotic Prescription Rates in Alkharj

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nehad J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
Outpatient Prescriptions

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the seasonal variations in dispensing antibiotic prescriptions in the outpatient setting of a public hospital in Alkharj. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The outpatient prescriptions in 2017 and 2018 were collected from medical records in a public hospital in Alkharj. The data include the number of prescribed antibiotics in general, the number of prescribed antibiotics in different months and seasons in the outpatient setting. Results: In the outpatient setting in 2017 and 2018, antibiotics were prescribed excessively in most of the months. About 27.84 %of the prescriptions in 2017 were in spring season and about 26.64% of the prescriptions in 2018 were in autumn. Total number of antibiotics prescriptions in 2017 and 2018 were 5348 in spring followed by 5097 in autumn. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed the widespread use of antibiotics by practitioners that was associated with season of prescribing. In general, there are excess use of antibiotics in all months. It is important to understand how the prescribing of antibiotic varies throughout the year to design an appropriate intervention to decrease incorrect antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Self-medication with oral antibiotics among University students in United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331-1337
Author(s):  
Khalid Al-Kubaisi ◽  
Mark SteCroix ◽  
Don Vinson ◽  
Suleiman Sharif ◽  
Abduelmula Abduelkarem
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of antibiotic use without prescriptions and to identify factors associated with this behavior among university students using oral non-prescription drugs (ONPD). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of major universities in UAE. A multistage sampling technique was used in the present study. Results: Out of 2875 students, only 2355 (81.9 %) questionnaire were fully answered and included. Of 2355, more than half (1348; 57.2 %) of the participants reported using ONPD. More than one-third (484, 35.9 %) of 1348 participants used antibiotics without a prescription during the 90 days prior to the present study. Binary logistic regression identified nine statistically significant variables: nationality (OR = 0.471, 95 % CI: 0.326 - 0.681, p < 0.001); cost-influence behavior (OR = 1.716, 95 % CI: 1.175 - 2.508, p < 0.005); belief in ONPD effectiveness (OR = 0.332, 95 % CI: 0 .135 - 0.815, p < 0.05); year of study (OR = 0.310, 95 %, CI: 0.141 - 0.681, p < 0.004); medication knowledge (OR = 0.619, 95 % CI: 0.443 - 0.866, p < 0.005); self-care orientation (OR=1.878, 95 % CI: 1.304 - 2.706, p < 0.001); using ONPD helps to save money (OR=1.665, 95 % CI: 1.047-2.649, p<0.04); and urgency of use (OR = 1.644, 95 %, CI: 1.144 - 2.363, p < 0.007); as well as being healthcare students (OR = 1.465, 95 %, CI: 1.012 - 2.120, p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a need for educational intervention to improve students’ knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding the risk of using antibiotics without prescriptions.

scholarly journals Quality of advertisements for prescription drugs in family practice medical journals published in Australia, Canada and the USA with different regulatory controls: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e034993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dion Diep ◽  
Abnoos Mosleh-Shirazi ◽  
Joel Lexchin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Family Practice ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa

ObjectiveTo assess if different forms of regulation lead to differences in the quality of journal advertisements.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsThirty advertisements from family practice journals published from 2013 to 2015 were extracted for three countries with distinct regulatory pharmaceutical promotion systems: Australia, Canada and the USA.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAdvertisements under each regulatory system were compared concerning three domains: information included in the advertisement, references to scientific evidence and pictorial appeals and portrayals. An overall ranking for advertisement quality among countries was determined using the first two domains as the information assessed has been associated with more appropriate prescribing.ResultsAdvertisements varied significantly for number of claims with quantitative benefit (Australia: 0.0 (0.0–3.0); Canada: 0.0 (0.0–5.0); USA: 1.0 (0.0–6.0); p=0.01); statistical method used in reporting benefit (relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and number needed to treat; Australia: 6.7%, n=2; Canada: 10.0%, n=3; USA: 36.6%, n=11; p=0.02); mention of adverse effects, warnings or contraindications (Australia: 13.3%, n=4; Canada: 23.3%, n=7; USA: 53.3%, n=16; p=0.002); equal prominence between safety and benefit information (Australia: 25.0%, n=1; Canada: 28.6%, n=2; USA: 75.0%, n=12; p=0.04); and methodological quality of references score (Australia: 0.4150 (0.25–0.70); Canada: 0.25 (0.00–0.63); USA: 0.25 (0.00–0.75); p<0.001). The USA ranked first, Canada second and Australia third for overall quality of journal advertisements. Significant differences for humour appeals (Australia: 3.3%, n=1; Canada: 13.3%, n=4; USA: 26.7%, n=8; p=0.04), positive emotional appeals (Australia: 26.7%, n=8; Canada: 60.0%, n=18; USA: 50.0%, n=15; p=0.03), social approval portrayals (Australia: 0.0%, n=0; Canada: 0.0%, n=0; USA: 10.0%, n=3; p=0.04) and lifestyle or work portrayals (Australia: 43.3%, n=13; Canada: 50.0%, n=15; USA: 76.7%, n=23; p=0.02) were found among countries.ConclusionsDifferent regulatory systems influence journal advertisement quality concerning all measured domains. However, differences may also be attributed to other regulatory, legal, cultural or health system factors unique to each country.

scholarly journals Effects of Clinical Pathway Implementation in Management of Pediatric Inpatients with Pneumonia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7281-7288
Author(s):  
Assajada Lizikri ◽  
Wawaimuli Arozal ◽  
Hesty Utami Ramadaniati
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Pathway ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Discernible Difference ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Antibiotics are the mainstay treatment for bacterial pneumonia so their use should be clearly mentioned in the pneumonia clinical pathway (CP). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pneumonia CP in pediatrics. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a private hospital in Indonesia. The inclusion criteria were pediatric patients admitted with pneumonia in the period of January-December 2017 (pre-CP period) and January-December 2018 (post-CP) and receiving antibiotics. The effectiveness of CP was evaluated according to four parameters: length of stay, clinical outcomes, quality (Gyssens antibiogram) and quantity of antibiotics. A total of 121 eligible patients’ medical records were analyzed (60 before and 61 after CP implementation). Second and third generation cephalosporins (42.1%) predominated the use of antibiotics pre-CP period, whilst aminoglycosides (59.6%) constituted more than half of antibiotic use in post-CP group. More than half of the patients stayed in the hospital not more than 3 days pre-CP period vs 31.1% post-CP period. Nearly all patients had good clinical outcomes during hospitalization between both periods. The proportion of quality of antibiotics was less than 5% either before or after CP implementation. The quantity of antibiotics post-CP (408.42 defined daily dose/DDD per 100 patient days) was almost two times of pre-CP period (222.42 DDD per 100 patient days). In conclusion, implementation of CP could not achieve the targeted goals to reduce the length of hospitalization and improve the antibiotic use. No discernible difference was observed in clinical outcomes before and after CP implementation.

scholarly journals Antibiotic prescribing without documented indication in ambulatory care clinics: national cross sectional study

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l6461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Ray ◽  
Gregory B Tallman ◽  
David T Bearden ◽  
Miriam R Elman ◽  
Jessina C McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Ambulatory Care Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the frequency with which antibiotics are prescribed in the absence of a documented indication in the ambulatory care setting, to quantify the potential effect on assessments of appropriateness of antibiotics, and to understand patient, provider, and visit level characteristics associated with antibiotic prescribing without a documented indication.DesignCross sectional study.Setting2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.Participants28 332 sample visits representing 990.9 million ambulatory care visits nationwide.Main outcome measuresOverall antibiotic prescribing and whether each antibiotic prescription was accompanied by appropriate, inappropriate, or no documented indication as identified through ICD-9-CM (international classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification) codes. Survey weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate potential risk factors for receipt of an antibiotic prescription without a documented indication.ResultsAntibiotics were prescribed during 13.2% (95% confidence interval 11.6% to 13.7%) of the estimated 990.8 million ambulatory care visits in 2015. According to the criteria, 57% (52% to 62%) of the 130.5 million prescriptions were for appropriate indications, 25% (21% to 29%) were inappropriate, and 18% (15% to 22%) had no documented indication. This corresponds to an estimated 24 million prescriptions without a documented indication. Being an adult male, spending more time with the provider, and seeing a non-primary care specialist were significantly positively associated with antibiotic prescribing without an indication. Sulfonamides and urinary anti-infective agents were the antibiotic classes most likely to be prescribed without documentation.ConclusionsThis nationally representative study of ambulatory visits identified a large number of prescriptions for antibiotics without a documented indication. Antibiotic prescribing in the absence of a documented indication may severely bias national estimates of appropriate antibiotic use in this setting. This study identified a wide range of factors associated with antibiotic prescribing without a documented indication, which may be useful in directing initiatives aimed at supporting better documentation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibiotic use pattern in Shahid Sadoughi hospital of Yazd

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
Jamshid Ayatollahi ◽  
◽  
Zohreh Akhoundi Meybodi ◽  
Boshra Farahini ◽  
Arefe Dehghani Tafti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

Antibiotics are a class of drugs that are widely used to eliminate the causes of many infectious diseases around the world. It should be borne in mind that their irrational and irregular administration will increase bacterial resistance and dangerous complications. For this reason, timely diagnosis and usage of antibiotics is one of the tasks of physicians to improve the patient's use of the lowest number of antibiotics. This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study. The samples were selected by non-random sampling from all records of patients admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd from HIS hospital system with total number of 82742. The type of hospital admission, the type of prescription, the cause of antibiotic prescription, the cost of antibiotic use was entered into the questionnaire. The most commonly used antibiotics were cefazolin with a frequency of 18.41%, clindamycin with a frequency of 17.49%, ceftriaxone with a frequency of 15.48% and vancomycin with a frequency of 10.18% and metronidazole with a frequency of 7%, respectively. The most costly antibiotics were meropenem (14.28% of costs), vancomycin (13.4%), and amphotericin (10.09%). The pattern of antibiotic use in hospitals should be more carefully considered and given the cost and burden of unnecessary antibiotic use, serious consideration should be given to antibiotic use.

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