scholarly journals The paradigm of the migration crisis and its influence on national legislation on irregular migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Joanna Markiewicz-Stanny
Keyword(s):  
Open Approach ◽  
Irregular Migration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The One ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
Migration Law ◽  
Emergency Measures

The aim of this article is to provide a detailed study of the ways in which the paradigm of crisis has influenced the law and practice of European countries in the field of irregular migration. Bearing in mind that the perception of “crisis” is ambiguous and does not have legal definition, the first part of this paper will provide a clarification of its scope and some contexts in which it is used. Secondly, labelling some situations as “crises” requires some urgent and unusual actions. Hence, it is important to indicate what types of legal measures and normative solutions, therefore, prevail nowadays in the practice of states. The countries that are particularly interesting in this context include Germany, Sweden, and Denmark, whose migration policies have, over the course of the past few years, decisively shifted from a relatively open approach towards more restrictive solutions. Although the crisis in the migration context is defined bipolarly, a characteristic feature of the paradigm shift is focusing on the elimination or at least limitation of the presence of foreigners on the territory of the statethrough border controls, obstruction of access to international protection and family reunification, as well as increasing the effectiveness of forced returns. The result of these consideration has led to the conclusion that on the one hand the authorities’ rhetoric of crisis not automatically mean the use of special and emergency measures foreseen by law. On the other hand, the narrative referring to defeat and catastrophe justified the introduction of controversial solutions in a hurry, often with disregard for the detailed analyses and regulatory impactassessment, which are common in such cases. At the same time, the determinant of the shape of the migration law is the “temporariness” inherent in the crisis paradigm. One of its most important elements is the departure from long-term residence permits, guaranteeing a certain stability in connection with international protection, in favour of short-term permits.

Hidden “holes” in the capital of banks and the supply of credit to the real sector of economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Mamonov
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Loan Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The One

Our analysis documents that the existence of hidden “holes” in the capital of not yet failed banks - while creating intertemporal pressure on the actual level of capital - leads to changing of maturity of loans supplied rather than to contracting of their volume. Long-term loans decrease, whereas short-term loans rise - and, what is most remarkably, by approximately the same amounts. Standardly, the higher the maturity of loans the higher the credit risk and, thus, the more loan loss reserves (LLP) banks are forced to create, increasing the pressure on capital. Banks that already hide “holes” in the capital, but have not yet faced with license withdrawal, must possess strong incentives to shorten the maturity of supplied loans. On the one hand, it raises the turnovers of LLP and facilitates the flexibility of capital management; on the other hand, it allows increasing the speed of shifting of attracted deposits to loans to related parties in domestic or foreign jurisdictions. This enlarges the potential size of ex post revealed “hole” in the capital and, therefore, allows us to assume that not every loan might be viewed as a good for the economy: excessive short-term and insufficient long-term loans can produce the source for future losses.

scholarly journals A systemic socio-ecological recovery from Covid-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801812110191
Author(s):  
William Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Financial Economic ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
Emergency Measures ◽  
Ecological Recovery

New economic thinking and acting through a systemic approach could outline policy alternatives to tackle the global-scale systemic challenges of financial, economic, social and environmental emergencies, and help steer our recovery out of the current crisis. A systemic recovery requires an economic approach that balances several factors - markets and states, efficiency and resilience, growth and sustainability, national and global stability, short-term emergency measures and long-term structural change. To achieve this, we need to think beyond our policy silos, comprehend our interconnections, and build resilience into our systems.

scholarly journals Analisis Penerapan Pengakuan Pendapatan Kontrak Konstruksi Berdasarkan PSAK 34

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-396
Author(s):  
Riki Subagja ◽  
Didit Pradipto
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Revenue Recognition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Construction Contracts ◽  
Term Contract ◽  
Short Term Contract ◽  
The One ◽  
Construction Services

This study aims to analyze the implementation of contract revenue recognition based on PSAK 34. The problem that is often faced by companies that are particularly engaged in the field of construction services in the recognition of income is the method of revenue recognition what should be used or applied, because there are differences in recognition between the one method with others. Especially if a project is done is more than a year or the so-called Long-term project. In addition, the presentation of financial statements of income recognition in each accounting period must be reported in accordance with generally accepted Accounting Standards (PSAK No. 34 concerning Construction Contracts). There is only one method used or applied that is the percentage completion method. The percentage method recognizes income with two approaches, based on physical progress and cost-to-cost. PT X as a construction service company uses the percentage of completion method with a physical progress approach (Physical progress) in the recognition of his opinion for both long-term contract and short-term contract. The results of this study conclude that the accounting treatment of the application of revenue recognition of construction services by using the percentage of completion method with physical progress approach on PT X is in conformity with the accounting standards set in PSAK No. 34. However, when compared to revenue recognition using the percentage of completion method with a cost-to-cost approach the firm can recognize the revenue and expenses more to illustrate or show a more proportional calculation because it corresponds to the costs incurred or poured out.   Keywords: revenue recognition, expense recognition, PSAK no. 34

A Closer Look at the Culture of Infidelity

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-200
Author(s):  
Steven M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Professional Sports ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emotional Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The One ◽  
Communication Methods

This chapter takes a deeper look at the culture of infidelity that pervades the world of professional sports, why wives share a universal fear that their husbands will be unfaithful, and how they are affected by the possibility or actuality that their husbands will engage in sexual or emotional relationships with other women. Three patterns of infidelity are identified in the context of the sport marriage: the one-time encounter, the short-term affair, and the long-term affair. The concept of suspicion work is introduced to examine how wives try to manage the fear that their husbands may succumb to temptation and to specify how denial can be part of this process. The chapter discusses re-entry routines and communication methods some couples use when husbands return from travel, and the boundaries of fidelity and forgiveness wives establish as they attempt to cope with the realities of their husbands’ lives on the road.

Overeducation, persistence and unemployment in Spanish labour market

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Adolfo Cosme Fernández Puente
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
The One ◽  
Term Labour

PurposeThe phenomenon of overeducation and the magnitude and persistence of the imbalance impact are analysed for the Spanish labour market from 2006 to 2013.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present random-effects probit estimations comparing individuals and their short-term and long-term labour mismatches.FindingsThe results support the existence of long-term persistence (status in the previous year) and short-term persistence (status at the beginning of the observed period) in overeducation. Precariousness in the labour market, measured by temporality or by the strong destruction of employment, could force individuals to choose a job below their qualification. Additionally, the phenomenon of overeducation is shown to have increased in the period 2010–2013 in relation to the period 2006–2009 independently of the region considered, though those regions with higher unemployment rates display greater imbalances.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the results come from two different samples, it is possible to conclude that overeducation is a phenomenon that tends to perpetuate over time in Spain.Practical implicationsOne of the issues of greatest interest that is crucial to assess the relevance of the spreading of overeducation is whether overeducation can be considered as a temporal mismatch, in which case the seriousness of the problem would not be so important, or, on the contrary, as a persistent one, in which case, governments should take it into account in their education reform programmes.Originality/valueOvereducation persistence has been studied in countries such as the United States, Canada, Switzerland or Germany; however, in Spain, there are hardly any studies. Spanish labour market has certain specificities that make the analyses relevant: the high unemployment rates and high elasticity of employment with respect to the economic cycles. Under these circumstances, workers could opt for more stable positions that require a lower qualification than the one they have. This option could be even more convenient during crisis. Additionally, the article includes a disaggregated analysis by Spanish regions. The differences in the unemployment rates within and between regions are significant (some of them had at the beginning of the crisis an unemployment rate close to 7%, while in others it exceeded 12%) which allows the authors to study the phenomenon in different contexts.

Migration Crisis and “Brexit”

2018 ◽  
pp. 92-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Outhwaite
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
British Politics ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Uk

The issue of migration bridges the divide between short-term and long-term explanations of Brexit.Short-term explanations stress the drift toward a referendum in British politics, the opportunistic miscalculation by a playboy prime minister, and the manipulation of the referendum vote by a grotesquely biased press and some of the same conspiratorial forces which secured Trump’s election. Longer-term explanations point to historical differences between the UK and (the rest of) Europe; the fact that the UK escaped defeat and occupation in World War Two; the distinctive legal system shared by England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (though not Scotland); and the UK’s majoritarian political culture. This chapter discusses in a comparative context. The contribution of a migration crisis to the UK’s EU membership and constitutional .

Time-Series and Dynamic Cross-Correlations Analysis on Unexpected Information: Evidence from Media News and Online Postings

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050011
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiangyu Kong ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Zuochao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between unexpected information from postings and news, and the unexpected information is measured by the residual of regressions of trading volume on numbers of news or postings. We mainly find that (i) There are significant positive contemporaneous correlations between the unexpected information coming from postings and different kinds of news; the correlation between the unexpected information coming from postings and new media news is stronger than that between the unexpected information coming from postings and mass media news; (ii) The unexpected information coming from postings could cause the unexpected information coming from news, but only the unexpected information coming from the mass media news could cause that coming from postings; (iii) There are persistent power-law cross-correlations between the unexpected information coming from postings and that coming from mass media news and new media news. The cross-correlation between the unexpected information coming from postings and new media news is more persistent than the one between the unexpected information coming from postings and mass media news. The cross-correlations are all more stable in long term than in short term. We attribute our findings above to the dissemination speed of the information on the Internet.

Echoes of the French Revolution in the Rhineland, 1830–1849

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sperber
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
The French Revolution

Of all the regions of Central Europe, the Rhineland was the one most affected by the French Revolution. The area on the left bank of the Rhine belonged for almost two full decades to the First French Republic and the Napoleonic Empire; parts of the right bank were, for a shorter period, under the rule of the Napoleonic satellite state, the Grand Duchy of Berg. In studying these unusual circumstances, historians have sometimes focused on short-term political implications, asking how the Rhenish population of the 1790s responded to the Jacobin regime. They have also studied the long-term social and economic effects of the revolutionary legislation and the secularization of church lands.

Causal Relationship Between FDI Flow and Technological Innovation in China and Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-545
Author(s):  
Chengkun Liu ◽  
Xiuwu Zhang ◽  
Takashi Tamamine ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Short Term ◽  
International Capital Flow ◽  
Measure Model ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
The One

The improvement of a country’s technological innovation level is influenced by the technology spillover of inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). Based on the Coe and Helpmen’s theory of international capital flow model and one-way causality measure model, this study examines the similarities and dissimilarities between the dynamic effects of IDFI and OFDI on technological innovation in China and Japan to enumerate the differences in the utilization effect of FDI between developed and developing countries. The empirical results show that the one-way causality intensity of IFDI to technological innovation in China is weaker than that in Japan, but the FDI volatility in China is stronger than that in Japan. The one-way causality intensity of OFDI to technological innovation are low both in China and Japan, and the patterns of long-term and short-term effects are not identical. According to the results of our empirical research, we draw the conclusions and proposed suggestions for using IFDI and OFDI in China and Japan.

Stability and Construction of Caverns for The Disposal Of Cemented Low-And Medium-Level Wastes

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Raab ◽  
C. Frohn ◽  
M.W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
Salt Caverns

ABSTRACTThe geomechanical and mining-technological aspects of the construction of salt caverns as disposal chambers have been investigated during project phase 2, completed by mid 1981. With a view towards the stability analysis of such a cavern, FEM-estimates have been carried out and evaluated. From these it can be derived that- a rotational ellipsoid would be the most suitable shape- its dimensions should be 82 m (vertical axis) and 42 m (horizontal axis)- the distance (safety pillar) between the neighbouring caverns should be 170 m (vertical) and 180 m (horizontal).For practical engineering purposes the rotational ellipsoid can be modified into a cylinder with conic bottom and top. The numerical model simulated the short term as well as the long term characteristics of the surrounding salt rocks. The short term characteristics were assessed by an elastic approach, the long term characteristics by a rheological model. The input parameters have been determined by means of laboratory tests on ASSE rock salt.In a second step the characteristics of partially and completely filled caverns were simulated. It was shown clearly that deformation of the salt rock comes to a halt when counteracted by the filling.Based upon the results of the stability analysis, investigations were made to find out a suitable mining technique for the construction of the cavern. Solution mining and conventional development by means of drilling and blasting have been studied alternatively. Since both methods have their advantages and disadvantages a decision in favour of the one or the other cannot be made until the actual site has been defined.

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