scholarly journals Wybory biskupów w świetle korespondencji Grzegorza Wielkiego

Vox Patrum ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 395-409
Author(s):  
Janusz Lewandowicz
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Holy See ◽  
Gregory The Great ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

Having presented briefly the context in which the Church found herself, as well as the criteria required of candidates to episcopacy, the author discusses problems related to the promotion of bishops, based on selected examples extracted from the correspondences of Pope Gregory the Great. It shows that His Holiness was aware of the significant role played by episcopal elections in the Church’s life. His interventions in this matter were to ensure that local sees were assigned to appropriate candidates, i.e. those of good reputation, outstanding in good morals and possessing the expertise required in Sacred Scriptures and Catholic doctrines. Procedures implemented by Pope Gregory the Great with the aim of achieving this goal involved, amongst other things gathering information about the candidates to the episcopacy as well as the inclusion of the entire local clergy and all the lay faithful in the electoral process. Such a policy undertaken by His Holiness in promoting episcopates was aimed at strengthening their ties with the Holy See. This proved to be influential, especially during the institutional and structural destruction in Western Italia and threats from the Lombards, who wanted to destroy the well-established traditional Roman order. To avoid all forms of manipulation by lay persons in ecclesiastical matters, this policy excluded the possibility of promoting a layman to the episcopacy. Where there were difficulties in solving electoral issues, Gregory the Great often personally appointed candidates from the local clergy or from the Roman clergy. Pope Gregory the Great also reserved the right of preconisation of the elected bishops.

scholarly journals Przyczyny i procedura wydalania duchownych z instytutu zakonnego

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 147-168
Author(s):  
Ambroży Skorupa
Keyword(s):  
Holy See ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Religious Institute ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way ◽  
Moral Questions

A religious in an institute fulfills his vocation by following the way adequate to the charism of the institute. An attitude unsuited to a religious’ priestly vocation as well as to the institute’s charism, can be the cause of dismissal from religious institute. Among the causes of dismissal can be diffusion of doctrine inconsistent with the magisterium of the Church or an attitude incompatible with position of the Church. In the article were presented some exemplary statements of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith regarding doctrinal and moral questions. Stubborn diffusion of views recognized by the Holy See as opposed to the Catholic doctrine, may be another cause for dismissal from an institute. Dismissal from religious institute may also result from an attitude incompatible with the ecclesiastical and religious discipline. Attitudes causing grave scandal require reaction of the competent religious superiors. The superiors are obliged to act in accordance with the process regulated by the norms included in the CCL 1983 and in other ecclesiastical documents. Choosing proper process depends on the nature of an offense committed by a religious. For offenses described in can. 694 a religious is dismissed by the fact itself of committing the offense (ipso facto). Therefore the process described in the cannon for this form of dismissal must be kept. In instances of offenses described in cannons 695 and 1395, for which the legislator provided an obligatory dismissal, the process is different. In case of offenses pointed out in can. 696 the superior is obliged to initiate process indicated in can. 697. The right of the accused to self-defense, participation of a notary in the process, required decision by the major superior and approval of a decree by ecclesiastical hierarchical authority – the Holy See or diocesan bishop, depending on the approval level of the institute, deserves attention.

scholarly journals Awal Moral Kristiani

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
Edison R.L. Tinambunan
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Gregory The Great ◽  
Christian Morality ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

The development of Christian morality takes a long journey which was started when the Church was born. There were many typical moral cases faced by the Church at each period of time. From one period to another one, moralists came out to solve the cases by giving the right assessment according to the Church’s way of life. A period which was well-known in the journey of Christian morality is the period of the Fathers of the Church. The principle of Christian morality is love which is based on the Gospel and the commandment of Jesus Christ. This was documented in Didache which was used by the Christians at that time. It was the principal moral document of early Christianity. In the development, it was then added by other principals: freedom and justice which were applied in the Christian life. The three principals (love, freedom and justice) formed Christian attitude in respecting other Christians and all people which is applied perfectly by Augustine. The following development of Christian morality was the development of the practice and the profound of what had been laid down before by the Fathers of the Church, with addition of the figure which is excelling in the life as Job, who had been interpreted by Gregory the Great. This writing is ended at this point, because the research is limited from the beginning up to the first development of Christian morality during the period of the Fathers of the Church.

Two Abbots in Politics: Wala of Corbie and Bernard of Clairvaux

1990 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Mayr-Harting
Keyword(s):  
Moral Principle ◽  
Augustine Of Hippo ◽  
Monastic Reform ◽  
Gregory The Great ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

ABBOTS in politics were surely a medieval commonplace, one might be tempted to say: what have these two egregious examples, Wala of Corbie (826–34, ob. 836) and Bernard of Clairvaux (1115–53), to say to us which countless others could not also say? If my two were not unique, however, they were comparative rarities, in that they became involved in politics (if that is the right word), not because of their feudal obligations, nor because they sought to propagate monastic reform on the basis of the observance of their own monastery, nor again because they associated the glory of their own house with a particular cause or royal line, but avowedly for the sake of moral principle, incurring enmities in the process, and, cloistered monks as they were, acting to some extent against the interests and wishes of their own flocks. The monk-bishop was a common enough figure, and the greatest men of this type, pre-eminently Augustine of Hippo and Pope Gregory the Great, have given us profound thoughts about how contemplation could and should be kept alive amidst the cares of the active and pastoral life. But neither Wala nor Bernard became a bishop, and paradoxically the latter's widespread and non-institutionalised influence might have been diminished had he done so. As one of Bernard's biographers felicitously but ingenuously put it in recounting that the saint had actually refused many bishoprics, ‘from under the bushel of his humility he gave a greater light to the church than others raised to the chandeliers’.

scholarly journals Obrona decyzji sumienia przez Tomasza More’a w obliczu uwięzienia i śmierci

2018 ◽  
pp. 433-448
Author(s):  
Wojciech Medwid
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Holy See ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Eternal Salvation ◽  
The Church

The article analyses Thomas More’s firm attitude defending his conscience, which did not allow him to swear an oath. The basis for reflection is his prison correspondence, especially with her daughter Margaret. He remained faithful to his conscience because he refused to submit the required signatures and was beheaded, but gained eternal salvation. He studied for a long time, meditated and prayed to make the right decision. The closest urged him to change his decision, but he refused. He was not affected by accusations, slander, threats or flattery. He did not swear an oath and did not explain anything. He preserved freedom of conscience and responsibility for his own decisions. He did not judge anyone else. All the time he showed respect and loyalty to the king and constantly assured of his prayers in king’s intentions. Despite the weakness and fear of death, he put everything into God's hands. He was a prisoner of conscience and gave his live in the name of fidelity to the Church and the Holy See.

scholarly journals O processo canônico sobre os delitos contra menores

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (287) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Denilson Geraldo
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Canonical Process ◽  
The Press ◽  
Good Reputation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

As notícias sobre crimes contra menores envolvendo clérigos têm repercutido intensamente na imprensa. Nos últimos tempos, a legislação eclesiástica sobre o assunto foi sendo aperfeiçoada em duas direções: assegurar o cumprimento da justiça e a proteção às vítimas e o direito de defesa aos clérigos acusados. A notícia ou denúncia do delito ao Ordinário deve responder aos requisitos: o conteúdo do delito contra o sexto mandamento e a credibilidade da denúncia. O agir do Ordinário ao receber a notícia sobre o delito visa, inicialmente, a proteção do menor; por isso, a prudência é sempre a primeira das virtudes, assegurando a boa fama do clérigo investigado. Neste sentido, desenvolvem-se as normas sobre o método da investigação prévia que pode chegar ao afastamento do acusado do ministério sagrado, iniciando o processo penal administrativo ou judicial. Contudo, a falta de credibilidade da acusação pode levar ao encerramento e ao arquivamento da denúncia. De fato, o processo canônico é instrumento de justiça e todos os envolvidos neste trabalho eclesial são chamados a testemunhar a caridade.Abstract: News of crimes against minors involving clerics has been strongly reflected in the press. In recent times the ecclesiastical legislation on the subject has been refined in two directions: firstly to ensure the fulfilment of justice and protection to victims, and secondly the right to defend accused clergy. The news of the offence to the Ordinary must meet the following requirements: the content of an offence against the sixth commandment and the credibility of the complaint. The initial act of the Ordinary on knowledge of the offence is to protect minors, so caution is always the first virtue, as well as ensuring the good reputation of the cleric is investigated. In this sense, the Church has developed rules on the method of prior research, which may result in the removal of the accused from the sacred ministry, and include initiating criminal proceedings and/or administrative proceedings. However, the lack of credibility of the prosecution can lead to a conclusion and the filing of the complaint. In fact, the canonical process is an instrument of justice and all involved in this work and within the Church are called to witness to charity.

Clergy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hill QC
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church ◽  
And Training

This chapter focuses on the clergy of the Church of England. It first explains the process of selection and training for deacons and priests, along with their ordination, functions, and duties. It then considers the status and responsibilities of incumbents, patronage, and presentation of a cleric to a benefice, and suspension of presentation. It also examines the institution, collation, and induction of a presentee as well as unbeneficed clergy such as assistant curates and priests-in-charge of parishes, the authority of priests to officiate under the Extra-Parochial Ministry Measure, the right of priests to hold office under Common Tenure, and the role of visitations in maintaining the discipline of the Church. The chapter concludes with a discussion of clergy retirement and removal, employment status of clergy, vacation of benefices, group and team ministries, and other church appointments including rural or area deans, archdeacons, diocesan bishops, suffragan bishops, and archbishops.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Hepburn
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
Oxford Movement ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Race And Religion ◽  
The Church

In the 1940s and 1950s, Britain was relatively uniform in terms of race and religion. The majority of Britons adhered to the Church of England, although Anglo-Catholic leanings—the last gasp of the Oxford Movement—prompted some people to convert to Roman Catholicism. Although the secularization thesis has had a tenacious grip on twentieth-century literary studies, it does not account for the flare-up of interest in religion in mid-century Britain. The ecumenical movement, which began in the 1930s in Europe, went into suspension during the war, and returned with vigour after 1945, advocated international collaboration among Christian denominations and consequently overlapped with the promotion of human rights, especially the defence of freedom of worship, the right to privacy, freedom of conscience, and freedom of expression.

Theology as Work: The Mandatum and the Rights of Labor

Horizons ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Patrick T. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Catholic Social Teaching ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church ◽  
Safe Working

ABSTRACTMany oppose the mandatum as a threat to the academic freedom of Catholic scholars and the autonomy and credibility of Catholic universities. But the imposition of this juridical bond on working theologians is also in tension with Catholic Social Teaching on the rights and dignity of labor. Work is the labor necessary to earn our daily bread. But it is also the vocation by which we realize ourselves as persons and the profession through which we contribute to the common good. Thus, along with the right to a just wage and safe working conditions, Catholic Social Teaching defends workers' rights to a full partnership in the enterprise, and calls upon the church to be a model of participation and cooperation. The imposition of the mandatum fails to live up to this standard and threatens the jobs and vocations of theologians while undermining this profession's contribution to the church.

Led by the Spirit and the Church: Finland's Licensed Lutheran Lay Preachers, c.1870–1923

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 277-299
Author(s):  
Matleena Sopanen
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Institutional Control ◽  
Lutheran Church ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Church Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church ◽  
Growing Population ◽  
Church Buildings

This article examines the interplay between religious agency and institutional control. The Church Law of 1869 gave members of the Lutheran Church of Finland the right to apply to chapters for permission to preach. Men who passed the examinations became licensed lay preachers, who could take part in teaching Christianity and give sermons in church buildings. Applicants had varying backgrounds, skills and motivations. In order to avoid any disruption in church life, they had to be screened carefully and kept under clerical supervision. However, licensed lay preachers could also be of great help to the church. In a rapidly changing modern society with a growing population and a recurring lack of pastors, the church could not afford to disregard lay aid. The article shows how the Lutheran Church both encouraged and constrained the agency of the licensed lay preachers.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Church–State Model for an Effective Guarantee of Religious Freedom: A Study of the Peruvian Experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Laws ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Susana Mosquera
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Legal Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Institutional Guarantee ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Dimension ◽  
The Church

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments established important restrictions on religious freedom. Due to a restrictive interpretation of the right to religious freedom, religion was placed in the category of “non-essential activity” and was, therefore, unprotected. Within this framework, this paper tries to offer a reflection on the relevance of the dual nature of religious freedom as an individual and collective right, since the current crisis has made it clear that the individual dimension of religious freedom is vulnerable when the legal model does not offer an adequate institutional guarantee to the collective dimension of religious freedom.

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