scholarly journals Convex Optimization of Charging Infrastructure Design and Component Sizing of a Plug-in Series HEV Powertrain

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 13052-13057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolce Murgovski ◽  
Lars Johannesson ◽  
Jonas Hellgren ◽  
Bo Egardt ◽  
Jonas Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Convex Optimization ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Component Sizing ◽  
Infrastructure Design ◽  
In Series

scholarly journals Electrical Infrastructure Design Methodology of Dynamic and Static Charging for Heavy and Light Duty Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3362
Author(s):  
Alberto Danese ◽  
Michele Garau ◽  
Andreas Sumper ◽  
Bendik Nybakk Torsæter
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Climate Agreements ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Infrastructure Design ◽  
Dynamic Charging ◽  
Combat Climate Change

Full electrification of the transport sector is a necessity to combat climate change and a pressing societal issue: climate agreements require a fuel shift of all the modes of transport, but while uptake of passenger electric vehicles is increasing, long haul trucks rely almost completely on fossil fuels. Providing highways with proper charging infrastructure for future electric mobility demand is a problem that is not fully investigated in literature: in fact, previous work has not addressed grid planning and infrastructure design for both passenger vehicles and trucks on highways. In this work, the authors develop a methodology to design the electrical infrastructure that supplies static and dynamic charging for both modes of transport. An algorithm is developed that selects substations for the partial electrification of a highway and, finally, the design of the electrical infrastructure to be implemented is produced and described, assessing conductors and substations sizing, in order to respect voltage regulations. The system topology of a real highway (E18 in Norway) and its traffic demand is analyzed, together with medium-voltage substations present in the area.

scholarly journals Component sizing of a plug-in hybrid electric powertrain via convex optimization

Mechatronics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolce Murgovski ◽  
Lars Johannesson ◽  
Jonas Sjöberg ◽  
Bo Egardt
Keyword(s):  
Convex Optimization ◽  
Component Sizing ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Hybrid Electric Powertrain

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of off-board PV-Grid Adjustable Charger for Electric Vehicle Battery

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013
Keyword(s):  
Boost Converter ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Threshold Power ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
In Series ◽  
Dc Bus ◽  
Bus Voltage ◽  
Pv Grid

The electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as general-purpose transportation, due to various shortcomings of traditional vehicles. The EVs will become ubiquitous only if its charging infrastructure is abundant and efficient. Typically, a module of Li-ion battery applied in EVs uses 4 – 6 cells. These modules are connected in series-parallel combination to obtain the threshold power output. The power for the charging battery is delivered by the PV – grid topology. The solar and grid circuit uses a boost converter to create a dc bus. As the system uses boost converter for both PV and grid circuit, therefore, charging profile can be adjusted by altering dc bus voltage. The battery used in different EVs has a different configuration. The charger for EVs should be adjustable, as the traditional charger with fixed output will not charge the battery efficiently and results in reduced battery life. Therefore, a charger providing a fixed output will not serve the public demand. Hence, an adjustable charger has been proposed in this paper. The voltage and current profile of the charger can be adjusted according to the requirements of the EV battery.

The Shikani HME: A New Tracheostomy Heat and Moisture Exchanger

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2921-2929
Author(s):  
Alan H. Shikani ◽  
Elamin M. Elamin ◽  
Andrew C. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Speaking Valve ◽  
Time Zero ◽  
In Series ◽  
Turbulent Airflow ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Loss Efficiency ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Lung Simulation

Purpose Tracheostomy patients face many adversities including loss of phonation and essential airway functions including air filtering, warming, and humidification. Heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) facilitate humidification and filtering of inspired air. The Shikani HME (S-HME) is a novel turbulent airflow HME that may be used in-line with the Shikani Speaking Valve (SSV), allowing for uniquely preserved phonation during humidification. The aims of this study were to (a) compare the airflow resistance ( R airflow ) and humidification efficiency of the S-HME and the Mallinckrodt Tracheolife II tracheostomy HME (M-HME) when dry (time zero) and wet (after 24 hr) and (b) determine if in-line application of the S-HME with a tracheostomy speaking valve significantly increases R airflow over a tracheostomy speaking valve alone (whether SSV or Passy Muir Valve [PMV]). Method A prospective observational ex vivo study was conducted using a pneumotachometer lung simulation unit to measure airflow ( Q ) amplitude and R airflow , as indicated by a pressure drop ( P Drop ) across the device (S-HME, M-HME, SSV + S-HME, and PMV). Additionally, P Drop was studied for the S-HME and M-HME when dry at time zero (T 0 ) and after 24 hr of moisture testing (T 24 ) at Q of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 L/s. Results R airflow was significantly less for the S-HME than M-HME (T 0 and T 24 ). R airflow of the SSV + S-HME in series did not significant increase R airflow over the SSV or PMV alone. Moisture loss efficiency trended toward greater efficiency for the S-HME; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions The turbulent flow S-HME provides heat and moisture exchange with similar or greater efficacy than the widely used laminar airflow M-HME, but with significantly lower resistance. The S-HME also allows the innovative advantage of in-line use with the SSV, hence allowing concurrent humidification and phonation during application, without having to manipulate either device.

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