Organizational citizenship behavior and job flexibility in Family-Responsible Companies: a study from the perspective of employee family situation

PurposeThe aim of this article is to analyze the relationship between the personal life situation and marital status of the worker and how this relates to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and job flexibility. The study has been carried out with a group of Mexican employees from a commercial company located in the northeast of the México.Design/methodology/approachThe research is a nonexperimental empirical study using t-test, Levene’s test and Cohen’s test to analyze the significant relationship between the variables under study for 419 employees. The questionnaire was applied only once without a control group against which to compare. The study was carried out in a commercial company located in a city in northeastern Mexico, covering four municipalities in the conurbation area.FindingsThe research reveals that those workers who participated in the study and who have direct family responsibilities show greater OCB and value job flexibility more highly. The tests also found that a flexible working policy is valued by all those with direct family responsibilities, regardless of their marital status. It is also shown that there is a positive relationship between job flexibility and OCB, although not a strong one.Practical implicationsDecent work implies labor policies that support women and men to have an adequate work–life balance. Companies seeking work–family balance through the implementation of policies such as flexible working arrangements should consider the domestic background of their employees, as this has a direct impact on competitive advantage and is of importance when recruiting and retaining human talent. These findings may also be useful for companies interested in implementing flexible working policies to retain employees with family responsibilities who value the ability to reconcile work and family life.Originality/valueThis research demonstrates the relevance of OCB and job flexibility for employees. If the company wants to enhance OCB, they must consider that personal situation as well as the employee's marital status influences OCB. They should also consider that work flexibility is highly valued by those employees who have children or family dependents.

ZBYCIE AKCJI LUB UDZIAŁÓW W SPÓŁKACH BĘDĄCYCH WŁAŚCICIELAMI NIERUCHOMOŚCI ROLNYCH – WYBRANE PROBLEMY

Pursuant to Article 3a sec. 1 of the Act of 11th of April 2003 on Shaping the Agricultural System, the National Support Centre for Agriculture, acting on behalf of the State Treasury, has the right of pre-emption of shares in a commercial company within the meaning of the Act of 15th of September 2000, Code of Commercial Companies, if such a company is an owner or a perpetual usufructuary of either agricultural property with an area of at least 5 ha or agricultural properties with a total area of at least 5 ha. NSCA is not notified about its right of pre-emption by the shareholder but by the company whose shares are the subject of the conditional sale agreement. At the same time, the act imposes several obligations on the company’s management board related to the preparation of documents attached to the notification, the most far-reaching of which is the submission, under pain of criminal liability, of a statement on the amount of contingent liabilities of the company. The statutory regulation overburdens the company’s management board with the obligations related to the preparation of the notification and makes the trading of shares in commercial companies, owning or being perpetual usufructors of agricultural property, dependent on the actions of their management board. The management board may block the sale of shares. Such a concept is incomprehensible, illogical, and requires immediate modification.

Traceability model system as originality assurance method for honey product, Indonesia

Honey is a hype product as immunity booster in the health shock covid-19. Unbalance of supply and demand has raised the price and made the consumer could not afford it. Besides that, global issue about unoriginal honey which spreads in society has made the consumer has negative stigma on SMEs honey product because it does not have complete food safety certification as commercial company. Objective of the research was to increase the consumer trust through originality assurance for honey product from traceability system. The research is a case study with FGD method and then followed by Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis and Business Process Notation as solution. Result of the research showed that the distribution aspect has great power to affect the stakeholder and logistic aspects, due to success of both aspects are determined by distribution aspect. While the stakeholder aspect does not have any power to affect other aspect because if the business system has correct SOP, then both aspects will have appropriate supply chain management. Therefore, the solution is business process improvisation, so that to increase the trust local brand for honey product, it must be optimized through recording system of customer journey, so that the producer could trace the barrier and enabler factors about perspective of the honey originality

Creating a commercial company on the example of a limited liability company - about the role of an advocate

W publikacji omówiono etapy tworzenia spółki handlowej, dokonując przeglądu niezbędnych przepisów. Celem artykułu jest opisanie problemów i wątpliwości, które mogą pojawić się na różnych etapach tworzenia spółki, takich jak wybór formy organizacyjnej działalności gospodarczej, przygotowanie umowy spółki, proces rejestracji spółki. Zwrócono uwagę na złożoność formularzy służących do rejestracji spółki oraz formalizm postępowania rejestrowego. Z przeprowadzonych rozważań wynika, że powstanie spółki handlowej to szerokie pole dla działalności prawnika, w zasadzie nie tyle ze względu na sformalizowaną procedurę, ale przede wszystkim z powodu doniosłych konsekwencji popełnienia błędów. Rozważania wskazują, że udział zawodowego pełnomocnika jest wysoce pożądany. Wobec tego zaproponowano wprowadzenie przymusu prawnego w przypadku zakładania spółki handlowej lub przynajmniej przeprowadzenie pogłębionej analizy potrzeby takiego przymusu.

Organization of secure remote access for an employee of a commercial company working outside the office

Рассматриваются способы и особенности организации удаленного доступа сотрудниками коммерческой компании, выполняющими свои должностные обязанности, находясь вне офиса, что является актуальным в связи с необходимостью изоляции в условиях пандемии. Использование общедоступных каналов передачи данных требует применения эффективных систем безопасности информации. На основании рассмотрения угроз передачи данных, присущих удаленному доступу, и способов их нейтрализации в данной работе предлагаются варианты замены зарубежного программного обеспечения, используемого в российских коммерческих компаниях, аналогичным ему по реализуемым функциям отечественным в рамках тенденции импортозамещения. The article discusses the methods and features of organizing remote access by employees of a commercial company who perform their official duties while out of the office, which is relevant due to the need for isolation in a pandemic. The use of public data transmission channels requires the use of effective information security systems. Based on the consideration of data transmission threats inherent in remote access and ways to neutralize them, this paper suggests options for replacing foreign software used in Russian commercial companies with similar domestic functions in terms of the import substitution trend.

Enterprises in Yugoslavia as a Specialty of Workers' Self-Management System During Socialism (1945-1990)

In Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (hereinafter: SFRY) many laws were approved that regulated the legal capacity of economic organizations (Dobias, 1969);1 however, no law regulated the concept of the enterprise (Stipetić, 1982). The constitution of 13.1.1953 transformed in its Art 4 “state property” to "social property". In addition, workers' self-management of enterprises (economic organizations) was proclaimed as the basis of the social and political order. The work collective managed the assets of the companies on behalf of the company, while the state was responsible for day-to-day management and the funds needed for production (Prasnikar, Svejnar, Mihaljek & Prasnikar, 1994). In this sense, the implementation of participative management systems reflects the intentions of the political leadership to decentralize and liberalize economic life (Zeffane, 1988). The company was not a commercial company, as it is known in the West, but a production cooperative that was not in a membership relationship with the workers (because then they would be equal to a public company), but in an employment relationship (Spaić, 1960). The company was self-sufficient in terms of its internal organization and management, planning its economic activity, the distribution and use of income, the signing of contracts and the formation of economic associations (Pretnar, 1961). The self-administration law, ie the right of the work collectives to the administration of the commercial enterprises, could be called civil-law or property-law authority, because the work collectives would not have possessed a real self-administration right, without such a competence. In this sense, main objective of this manuscript is the analysis of enterprises in Yugoslavia as a specialty of both systems, capitalism and socialism. Main objective of this manuscript is the Analysis of Enterprises in Yugoslavia as a specialty of workers' self-management system from 1963 -1990 Received: 16 June 2021 / Accepted: 3 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

PENDAMPINGAN MASYARAKAT DUSUN KLANDUNGAN DESA LANDUNGSARI KECAMATAN DAU KABUPATEN MALANG ATAS DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN PENGINAPAN

One of the scopes of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the development of community welfare around the company. CSR implementation in Indonesia includes social and environmental responsibility. As felt by the people of Klandungan Hamlet, Landungsari Village, Dau District, Malang Regency, which was affected by the process of building a home stay by a commercial company in Malang Regency. There is a need for a symbiotic mutualism relationship between business actors in running their businesses and the community can also be able to carry out activities properly in the process of development and operations of the company in the future. The purpose of this service is to provide socialization and assist residents in fulfilling their rights over the development and / or operations of the company so that in the future there will be no conflicts. The method used is to accompany the negotiation meeting of the parties without taking sides, drafting the agreement until a win-win solution is reached. The result of this service is that the parties reach an agreement with the signing of a joint statement which can be used as a guide if a conflict arises.

Open Access Broadband Networks in Alberta, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand

In policy debates about the appropriate regulation of next generation fibre access networks, a good deal of attention has been paid to various forms of ‘separation’ between network, wholesale and retail operations. This discussion is no longer theoretical, because ‘open access’ next generation networks are now operating or being constructed. This paper investigates four different models around the world, each at different stages of deployment: - Alberta, Canada, where a commercial company Axia has been operating the province-wide ‘SuperNet’ since 2005. This is an optic fibre network connecting 4700 sites (provincial government and municipality offices, health and education sites, libraries) in 27 urban and 402 rural communities. Axia is the government’s service provider across the whole network and the wholesaler of capacity to retail providers in the rural communities. - Singapore, where a network is under construction taking fibre to 1.12 million residential premises and 152,000 other premises. Separate companies are building the physical infrastructure (‘Net Co’) and installing the electronics and network termination devices in customer premises and operating the network (‘Op Co’). - Australia, where a national FTTP network is being built to reach 93% of households and businesses. Wireless will be used to deliver download speeds of at least 12 Mbps to the other 7%. Around 200,000 households will get FTTP in Tasmania, where services commenced in mid-2010. - New Zealand, where the national government has promised ‘superfast broadband’ within six years to all businesses, schools and health services, greenfields developments and some residential users, and to 75% of the population within ten years. Drawing on interviews conducted in the four territories in 2009 and 2010, the paper will investigate the common, contrasting and unique features of these four models.

Open Access Broadband Networks in Alberta, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand

In policy debates about the appropriate regulation of next generation fibre access networks, a good deal of attention has been paid to various forms of ‘separation’ between network, wholesale and retail operations. This discussion is no longer theoretical, because ‘open access’ next generation networks are now operating or being constructed. This paper investigates four different models around the world, each at different stages of deployment: - Alberta, Canada, where a commercial company Axia has been operating the province-wide ‘SuperNet’ since 2005. This is an optic fibre network connecting 4700 sites (provincial government and municipality offices, health and education sites, libraries) in 27 urban and 402 rural communities. Axia is the government’s service provider across the whole network and the wholesaler of capacity to retail providers in the rural communities. - Singapore, where a network is under construction taking fibre to 1.12 million residential premises and 152,000 other premises. Separate companies are building the physical infrastructure (‘Net Co’) and installing the electronics and network termination devices in customer premises and operating the network (‘Op Co’). - Australia, where a national FTTP network is being built to reach 93% of households and businesses. Wireless will be used to deliver download speeds of at least 12 Mbps to the other 7%. Around 200,000 households will get FTTP in Tasmania, where services commenced in mid-2010. - New Zealand, where the national government has promised ‘superfast broadband’ within six years to all businesses, schools and health services, greenfields developments and some residential users, and to 75% of the population within ten years. Drawing on interviews conducted in the four territories in 2009 and 2010, the paper will investigate the common, contrasting and unique features of these four models.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHARING ECONOMY AS A NEW FORM OF CONSUMER COOPERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION

The modern economy is going through a series of changes that relate to digital technologies. This was reflected, for example, in the fact that almost every commercial company has its own Internet site, with the help of which the company informs its potential client. It is believed that in our time mobility prevails, and therefore it becomes less and less profitable and inconvenient to have a large amount of private property. Consumer cooperation as a sharing economy is an alternative, non-standard form of doing business. Consumer cooperation relies on shareholders, and the digital sharing economy relies on its consumers, namely, used goods that are transferred (temporarily or permanently) from one consumer who no longer needs them to another who needs them. Thus, the sharing economy, like consumer cooperation, is flexible enough and can cover several areas of economic activity. Consumer cooperatives can be: production, transport, etc. Almost everything can be consumed together with the help of sharing: transport, housing, etc. These forms may well replace traditional business.