scholarly journals Whoʼs Afraid of “Kerch Shooter”? Activation of Social Phobias through Rumors and Quasi-Expert Statements

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobias

Interaction Order and Anxiety Disorder: A “Batesonian” Heuristic of Speaking Patterns during Psychotherapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-272
Author(s):  
Jürgen Streeck
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Social Phobias ◽  
Interactional Theory ◽  
Panic Disorders ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Interaction Order ◽  
Interdisciplinary Effort ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects

This paper describes speaking practices enacted by young female in-patients during psychotherapy sessions. The patients are in treatment for anxiety and panic disorders (social phobias). The practices involve prosodic, lexical, and pragmatic aspects of utterance construction. An effect that they share is that the speaker’s embodied presence in her talk and her epistemic commitment to it are reduced as the utterance progresses. The practices are interpreted in light of Bateson’s interactional theory of character formation: as elements of a self-sustaining system Angst (anxiety). The study has grown out of an interdisciplinary effort to explore possible relationships between types of anxiety and the communicative and linguistic patterns by which patients describe panic attacks and other highly emotional experiences.

Controlled Evaluation of Intravenous Drugs in the Specific Desensitization of Phobias

1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Trevor Silverstone ◽  
M.R. Salkind
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Social Phobias ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Specific Phobias ◽  
Controlled Evaluation

The present study was undertaken to compare intravenous methohexitone, given as an adjunct to the behaviour therapy of phobias, with another centrally-acting, rapidly metabolised intravenous agent, propanidid, and also with normal saline. Thirty-five patients were included in the trial, all of whom had had phobic symptoms of at least one year's duration which were seriously interfering with their lives — 15 had specific phobias, 9 had social phobias and 11 had agoraphobia. Treatment consisted of twelve weekly drug-assisted desensitization treatments, using either 1 per cent methohexitone, 2.5 per cent propanidid or normal saline. Within each diagnostic group the drugs were randomly allocated. All treatments were conducted by one of the authors and all assessments by the other (who did not know which of the three preparations the patient had received). In addition to monthly ratings of the phobic symptoms, assessments of anxiety and depression were made, using self-rating scales. Patients were followed up six months after the end of treatment. Patients with specific phobias fared best, 9 out of the 13 who completed being considered to be markedly improved. Although the numbers are small there was a suggestion that patients receiving the two active drugs did better than those on the placebo. While methohexitone and propanidid were similarly effective, recovery time was much more rapid with propanidid. No patient in the specific phobia group relapsed significantly during the six months follow-up period. Furthermore, as the phobia improved the general anxiety level fell. Few depressive symptoms arose during successful desensitization, and there was no evidence of symptom substitution. Patients with social phobias and agoraphobia did far less well. In neither case did the active drugs appear to possess any advantage over placebo. Furthermore, of the 7 patients with agoraphobia who had improved, 4 relapsed within six months. It was concluded that drug-assisted desensitization is likely to be of greatest benefit in the management of specific phobias, with propanidid being the drug of choice.

Towards Rational Therapy with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

1976 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Social Phobias ◽  
Diagnostic Labels ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Rational Therapy ◽  
Rate Of Response

SummaryA rational approach to the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) is outlined. Patients suitable for treatment cannot be classified adequately using conventional diagnostic labels. They include those with primary symptoms of hypochondriasis, agoraphobia and social phobias, irritability, somatic anxiety and anergia; those with primary depressed mood, guilt, ideas of reference and personality disorders seldom respond. There is great variation in the interval between the first administration of these drugs and clinical response, and this may account for the inconsistencies in published trials. The type of drug and its dose may affect rate of response, as may biochemical factors, including acetylator and monoamine oxidase status. To obtain maximum benefit, a course of therapy with MAOIs should last for several months.

Symptomatic Treatment of Agoraphobia and Social Phobias: A Follow-up Study

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tyrer ◽  
Derek Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Social Phobias ◽  
One Year

Summary1.Twenty-six out of 28 out-patients with agoraphobia and social phobias who had originally been treated with phenelzine or placebo in a double-blind clinical trial were followed up for a mean period of one year. During the follow-up period patients received further pharmacotherapy or behaviour therapy, except that those patients originally receiving placebo were not allowed therapy with monoamine oxidase inhibitors.2.Ratings of phobic and additional symptoms, social adjustment and degree of personality disorder were made after one year by one of the authors (D.S.) who had no prior knowledge of the treatment each patient had received.3.There were no significant differences in any of the ratings between the patients of the two groups, but those originally receiving placebo had more additional treatment in the follow-up period. Patients continuing to receive phenelzine frequently experienced a return of symptoms if the drug was withdrawn before six months treatment had elapsed.4.Degree of personality disorder showed a significant negative correlation (p = –0.6) with improvement in the phenelzine group but not in those receiving placebo originally.5.Improvement in social adjustment items was less than improvement in symptoms at follow-up. The implications of this are discussed.6.The results suggest that phenelzine is of comparable efficacy to other symptomatic treatments for agoraphobia and social phobias, but that it acts mainly by symptom suppression. Prolonged treatment in patients with personality disorders is not indicated, for improvement is less likely and the dangers of dependence are greater.

Islamophobia and Education

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahat Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Western World ◽  
Social Phobias ◽  
Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Two Sides

Islamophobia is a term used to describe society’s phobic reaction to a certain religious or ideological group. Historically, the coined word Islamophobia has been manipulated into various constructs, which pose a microcosm-macrocosm challenge for educators over whether or not the education system can act as a platform for better understanding what is currently transpiring in the world. It is in the classroom that educators and students can grapple with the sociophobic situation and pull apart the two sides of Islam and phobia. In the classroom there are learning opportunities that can foster critical new understandings about why social phobias exist and challenge, through an antiphobic curriculum, the fear and indifference of otherness. New and higher levels of immigration in the Western world, rising tensions in non-Muslim populations, and the baggage of history have brought us to a critical turning point. Educators can respond positively and constructively to this challenge and opportunity and help to steer the course. Although Islamophobia is present in many countries worldwide, assimilationist policies vary from country to country. Nonetheless, individual countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Australia, and in those in Western Europe, have their own takes on Islamophobia. Since 9/11 there has been significant agreement among scholars that societal changes can be constructed through the systematic employment of specific curricular initiatives. These initiatives call into question the traditional trajectory of how the sentiments of Islamophobia can be successfully countered in the classroom to reduce sociophobic tensions and increase cultural and linguistic awareness. This can happen through culturally sustaining pedagogy, whose primary objective is to embrace literate, linguistic, and cultural pluralism in the school system. Education has tremendous power to challenge phobic perspectives and move beyond the traditional realm of what has historically been the norm in the classroom.

Are Specific and Generalized Social Phobias Qualitatively Distinct?

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie N. Hook ◽  
David P. Valentiner
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobias

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Paruresis: A Case Report

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P. C. Jaspers
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Social Phobias ◽  
Cognitive Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Exposure In Vivo

This article reviews directive interventions for paruresis, the inability to urinate in the proximity of others. As in treatments for other anxiety disorders, historical interventions have included the use of paradoxical intention and several different forms of exposure. The results of pharmacological treatment have not proven promising. Although a multidimensional treatment model has been recommended, little attention has been paid to treating cognitive components of the problem. In this paper, a single case is described in which cognitive components of the problem of paruresis were evident. A cognitive approach and exposure in vivo were applied. Measures of successful trials were obtained over 18 weeks. The combination of cognitive interventions and gradual exposure was effective in reducing paruresis. At follow-up 6 mo. later results had been maintained. The results of this case suggest more attention to the cognitive components is appropriate in the treatment of paruresis, as was stated previously for other specific social phobias.

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