scholarly journals Altitudinal zonation of landscapes on the local testing area in the southern Baikal region

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
S. B. Kuzmin ◽  
S. I. Shamanova ◽  
I. A. Belozertseva
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Mountain River ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Invariant Structure ◽  
Testing Area ◽  
Altitudinal Zonation ◽  
Loose Sediments ◽  
Main Components ◽  
River Valleys

Today identification of altitudinal zones of landscapes in local areas, especially in mountainous areas, is inextricably linked with the creation of digital terrain models and their geoinformation interpretation. We have considered the altitudinal zonation of landscapes on the Mamai model testing area, located on the Northern macroslope of the Khamar-Daban Ridge and in the Tankhoi coastal plain of the Baikal Lake. The special geoinformation software, partially modernized during the works, was used. Landscapes were studied by their main components: relief and geomorphological processes, soils and soil-forming processes, vegetation. The landscapes of the testing area are represented by three main groups: 1) goltsy altitudinal and mountain-taiga landscapes of the Khamar-Daban Ridge on the crystalline metamorphic rocks of the khungurul series of the lower Proterozoic age and granites of the Khamar-Daban and Sayan intrusive complexes of the upper Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic, respectively; 2) taiga and meadow-marsh landscapes of the Tankhoi plain on loose sediments of the Late Pliocene and Quaternary ages; 3) intrazonal landscapes within transverse mountain river valleys on the Late Pleistocene and Neo-Pleistocene and modern loose sediments. The base of the identification of altitudinal zones of the landscape is layers of a relief. But the relief is a fairly static component of the landscape, its invariant structure change for tens or hundreds of thousands of years. To determine a more detailed and dynamic structure of the altitudinal zonation, we use other components: soils and vegetation. Changes in the invariant structure of the soil cover occur for thousands or tens of thousands of years, and of the vegetation cover – for hundreds or thousands of years. Features of the landscapes structure and characteristics of their main components allowed us to allocate six altitudinal zones in the testing area: goltsy altitudinal, subgoltsy altitudinal, low-mountain, foothill, foothill-plain, and coastal-plain. The intrazonal landscapes of transverse mountain river valleys, which violate the normal structure of the altitudinal zonation, are singled out as a separate type.

scholarly journals Colonization of the Beaufort Coastal Plain by Beaver (Castor canadensis): A Response to Shrubification of the Tundra?

2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S Jung ◽  
Jay Frandsen ◽  
Danny C Gordon ◽  
David H Mossop
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Beaver Dam ◽  
Winter Food ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Food Cache ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
American Beaver

A consequence of rapid global warming has been the shrubification (increase in shrub abundance, cover, and biomass) of arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems. Shrubification is likely a key driver of predicted and observed changes in the biodiversity of the Arctic. The American Beaver (Castor canadensis) has a vast distributional range, covering most of north America below the tree line; however, it has not been recorded in tundra habitat of the Beaufort Coastal Plain of Yukon and Alaska. in 2015, we observed a beaver dam, lodge, and winter food cache on the Babbage River in Ivvavik National Park, Yukon, Canada. Local Inuvialuit hunters first observed beavers on two rivers immediately east of the Babbage River in 2008 and 2009. Together, these are the first observations of beavers on the Beaufort Coastal Plain and indicate initial attempts at colonization. Colonization of the Beaufort Coastal Plain by beavers may have been facilitated by shrubification of river valleys on the tundra of northern Yukon and adjacent Alaska, which is a consequence of rapid climate warming in the western Arctic.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of oribatid mites in the ecosystems of Dagestan and their infection with Moniezia sp. procercoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
M. M. Zubairova ◽  
A. M. Atayev  ◽  
N. T. Karsakov ◽  
Z. M. Dzhambulatov ◽  
S. T. Atayeva
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
Altitudinal Zonation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Mountain Belts ◽  
River Valleys

The purpose of the research is studying the oribatid mite biodiversity on the Dagestan pastures in terms of altitudinal zonation and their infection with Moniezia sp. procercoids.Materials and methods. Oribatid mites were collected in different seasons of 1990–2020 on different types of pastures of the plain, foothill, and mountain belts of Dagestan. A total of 16,000 specimens of oribatid mites were collected. 120 sets of lamb intestines were dissected. Oribatid mites were collected using the Tulgren funnel. The method of complete helminthological dissection according to K. I. Skrjabin was used in the work.Results and discussion. On low-lying wet pastures of the flat belt, up to 5800 oribatid specimens were recorded per 1 m² with 38.0% prevalence of infection (PI) with moniezia cysticercoids; 675 specimens were collected on the steppe lands with the PI of 12.5%, up to 140 specimens were collected on salt marshes with the PI 0.9%, and 52 specimens were collected in the semi-deserts with the PI 0.4%. In the foothill steppes, 1,300 oribatids specimens were found per 1 m² with their procercoid infeсtion up to 18.0%, 2100 specimens with 16.0% were collected along river valleys, and 120 specimens with the PI of 0.5% on mountain plateaus. Lambs on low-lying wetlands of the lowland belt were infected with Moniezia sp. by 72.0% with the infection intensity (II) of 8-116 specimens, on steppe pastures by 67.5% at the II of 5–36 specimens, on salt marshes by 18.0% with the II of 2–8 specimens, and in semi-deserts by 12.0% with the II of 2–5 specimens. In the foothill steppes, lambs were infected with Moniezia sp. by 68.0% with the II of 9–64 specimens, along river valleys by 69.0% with the II of 11–62 specimens, and on mountain plateaus by 12.0% with the II of 2–4 specimens.

The Shaugh Moor Project: First Report

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Wainwright ◽  
A. Fleming ◽  
K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
The South ◽  
Molten Material ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Mass ◽  
Climatic Trends ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
River Valleys

Viewed from the south Devon littoral with its series of good harbours the dark bulk of Dartmoor is clearly visible across the flat coastal plain. It is the largest of the five granite masses that provide a spine to the south-west English peninsula (Dartmoor, Bodmin Moor, Hensbarrow, Carnmenellis and Penwith) that were formed by the consolidation of molten material. The 500 square kilometres of the Moor form an undulating upland up to 600 m OD on the north-east side, where the greatest elevations occur. In the southern parts of the Moor the rolling tableland is 300 m to 420 m high—modern cultivation tends to cease at the 300 m contour, that is broken by numerous upland valleys and the eroded remains of tors. Today this expanse of moorland is bleak and treeless except in river valleys at the rim of the granite escarpment, although patches of contorted oak woodland survive at Piles' Wood on the River Erme, Wistman's Wood on the West Dart and Black Tor Beare on the West Okement. Pollen analyses have shown, however, that up to a height of about 360 m Dartmoor was probably covered by a deciduous forest dominated by oak that was gradually eroded by climatic trends and human activity (e.g. Simmons, 1969). It is from this central mass that the rivers of south Devon diverge. The wide upland valleys of the Tavy, Plym, Yealm, Erme, Avon and Dart plunge through characteristic deep wooded gorges near the southern granite escarpment into the South Hams and around this border modern settlement—numerous villages and a few towns are situated.

The Ballantrae ophiolite

1973 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Church ◽  
R. A. Gayer
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Oceanic Lithosphere ◽  
Lower Paleozoic ◽  
Mafic Rocks ◽  
Glaucophane Schist ◽  
Garnet Granulite ◽  
Main Components

SummaryThe Ballantrae complex, variously interpreted in the light of plate tectonics, is reappraised on the basis of comparisons with ophiolites of the Newfoundland Appalachians and the southwestern Pacific. All the main components of a typical ophiolite sequence can be recognized although the sequence has been greatly disturbed by post-emplacement Caledonian deformation. The presence of a garnet granulite-amphibolite ‘aureole’ beneath the peridotite member of the complex is confirmed, thus establishing the affinity of the complex to other ophiolite-amphibolite associations of the Appalachian and Alpine systems. Rock units previously described as agglomerates are re-interpreted as olistostromes, and the important Pinbain Beach ‘shaly group’ containing fragments of ophiolitic debris, garnet-ariegite, and glaucophane schist, is considered to be a Wildflysch unit of Middle Arenig age. The olistostromes were deposited following obduction of oceanic lithosphere represented by the ultramafic and mafic rocks of the Ballantrae complex. Recognition of the complex as overthrust ophiolite removes certain constraints on the position of a Lower Paleozoic subduction zone within the Southern Uplands.

Structural analysis of the photosynthetic membrane from Ectothiorhodospira halochloris

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 740-741
Author(s):  
H. Engelhardt ◽  
R. Guckenberger ◽  
W. Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Reaction Centre ◽  
Photosynthetic Membrane ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Viridis ◽  
Photosynthetic Membranes ◽  
Ectothiorhodospira Halochloris ◽  
Main Components

Bacterial photosynthetic membranes contain, apart from lipids and electron transport components, reaction centre (RC) and light harvesting (LH) polypeptides as the main components. The RC-LH complexes in Rhodopseudomonas viridis membranes are known since quite seme time to form a hexagonal lattice structure in vivo; hence this membrane attracted the particular attention of electron microscopists. Contrary to previous claims in the literature we found, however, that 2-D periodically organized photosynthetic membranes are not a unique feature of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. At least five bacterial species, all bacteriophyll b - containing, possess membranes with the RC-LH complexes regularly arrayed. All these membranes appear to have a similar lattice structure and fine-morphology. The lattice spacings of the Ectothiorhodospira haloohloris, Ectothiorhodospira abdelmalekii and Rhodopseudomonas viridis membranes are close to 13 nm, those of Thiocapsa pfennigii and Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis are slightly smaller (∼12.5 nm).

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

A controller for safe, convenient operation of LaB6 emitters on electron-beam instruments

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
W. J. Abramson ◽  
H. W. Estry ◽  
L. F. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Control System ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Electron Guns ◽  
Tungsten Filaments ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Main Components

LaB6 emitters are becoming increasingly popular as direct replacements for tungsten filaments in the electron guns of modern electron-beam instruments. These emitters offer order of magnitude increases in beam brightness, and, with appropriate care in operation, a corresponding increase in source lifetime. They are, however, an order of magnitude more expensive, and may be easily damaged (by improper vacuum conditions and thermal shock) during saturation/desaturation operations. These operations typically require several minutes of an operator's attention, which becomes tedious and subject to error, particularly since the emitter must be cooled during sample exchanges to minimize damage from random vacuum excursions. We have designed a control system for LaBg emitters which relieves the operator of the necessity for manually controlling the emitter power, minimizes the danger of accidental improper operation, and makes the use of these emitters routine on multi-user instruments.Figure 1 is a block schematic of the main components of the control system, and Figure 2 shows the control box.

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