scholarly journals Scientific criticism and criteria of scientific character

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-259
Author(s):  
Boguslaw Wolniewic
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
The Internet ◽  
European Universities ◽  
The Press

The first Ukrainian translation of the text by Boguslaw Wolniewicz "Scientific criticism and criteria of scientific character". Boguslaw Wolniewicz (1927-2017) is a new figure in Ukrainian information space. This Warsaw professor and visiting professor at a number of leading American and European universities, a member of the International Wittgenstein Society, also known for his journalistic activities, including appearances in the press, radio and television, and lectures on YouTube where he became a real star of the Internet. The main areas of his thought were logic, metaphysics, ethics, philosophy of religion and philosophy of law, but he gained the most recognition as the creator of the ontology of the situation, as translator and commentator of Ludwig Wittgenstein, as well as a critic of freudianism, phenomenology, postmodernism, marxism and religious fundamentalism. In his view, philosophy is an attempt to rationally grasp problems on which there is no scientific knowledge. Along with the chaos in modern social life, the role of philosophy is constantly growing. Philosophy expresses theses that through common sense anyone can reach, if they think deeply enough. Therefore, there are no innovative things in it. It is about providing tools for the formation of clear thoughts, which, in turn, make it possible to distinguish between truth and falsehood in all non-scientific knowledge, in particular because it relates to the problems of philosophy and education.

scholarly journals Let's protect schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-269
Author(s):  
Boguslaw Wolniewicz
Keyword(s):  
School Reform ◽  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Educational Models ◽  
As Doping ◽  
European Universities ◽  
The Press ◽  
Personal Career

The first Ukrainian translation of the text by Boguslaw Wolniewicz " Let's protect schools". Boguslaw Wolniewich (1927-2017) is a new figure in Ukrainian information space. This Warsaw professor and visiting professor at a number of leading American and European universities, a member of the International Wittgenstein Society, also known for his journalistic activities, including appearances in the press, radio and television, and lectures on YouTube where he became a real star of the Internet. The main areas of his thought were logic, metaphysics, ethics, philosophy of religion and philosophy of law, but he gained the most recognition as the creator of the ontology of the situation, as translator and commentator of Ludwig Wittgenstein, as well as a critic of freudianism, phenomenology, postmodernism, marxism and religious fundamentalism. In his opinion, school reform cannot destroy the authority of a teacher – even for the sake of introducing the latest foreign educational models. Wolniewicz defends the ideals of the classical school, which should give students scientifically sound knowledge, not just practical recipes for survival in society. He emphasizes that the main task of the school is education, and education can appear in it only as a valuable by-product – as doping. The school educates only through learning: through its content, its level, its requirements and its appropriate organization. Wolniewicz warns against the dominance of bureaucracy in the school, and sees the mission of the state in ensuring educational autonomy. A school should not be a profit-oriented institution or a means of building the personal career of an official.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of cartographic presentation methods applied within small-scale thematic maps in the press and on the Internet

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Jolanta Korycka-Skorupa
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
The Press ◽  
Presentation Methods ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The author discuss effectiveness of cartographic presentations. The article includes opinions of cartographers regarding effectiveness, readability and efficiency of a map. It reminds the principles of map graphic design in order to verify them using examples of small-scale thematic maps. The following questions have been asked: Is the map effective? Why is the map effective? How do cartographic presentation methods affect effectiveness of the cartographic message? What else can influence effectiveness of a map? Each graphic presentation should be effective, as its purpose is to complete written word, draw the recipients’ attention, make text more readable, expose the most important information. Such a significant role of graphics results in the fact that graphic presentations (maps, diagrams) require proper preparation. Users need to have a chance to understand the graphics language in order to draw correct conclusions about the presented phenomenon. Graphics should demonstrate the most important elements, some tendencies, and directions of changes. It should generalize and present a given subject from a slightly different perspective. There are numerous examples of well-edited and poorly edited small-scale thematic maps. They include maps, which are impossible to interpret correctly. They are burdened with methodological defects and they cannot fulfill their task. Cartography practice indicates that the principles related to graphic design of cartographic presentation are frequently omitted during the process of developing small-scale thematic maps used – among others – in the press and on the Internet. The purpose of such presentations is to quickly interpret them. On such maps editors’ problems with the selection of an appropriate symbol and graphic variable (fig. 1A, 9B) are visible. Sometimes they use symbols which are not sufficiently distinguishable nor demonstrative (fig. 11), it does not increase their readability. Sometime authors try too hard to reflect presented phenomenon and therefore the map becomes more difficult to interpret (fig. 4A,B). The lack of graphic sense resulting in the lack of graphic balance and aesthetics constitutes a weak point of numerous cartographic presentations (fig. 13). Effectiveness of cartographic presentations consists of knowledge and skills of the map editor, as well as the recipients’ perception capabilities and their readiness to read and interpret maps. The qualifications of the map editor should include methodological qualifications supported by the knowledge of the principles for cartographic symbol design, as well as relevant technical qualifications, which allow to properly use the tools to edit a map. Maps facilitate the understanding of texts they accompany and they present relationships between phenomenon better than texts, appealing to the senses.

Where to find accurate information on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder? A study of scientific distortions among French websites, newspapers, and television programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Ponnou ◽  
Héloïse Haliday ◽  
François Gonon
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Press ◽  
Lay Public

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most frequent mental disorder among school-age children. This condition has given rise to a large mediatic coverage, which contributed to the shaping of the lay public’s perceptions. We therefore conducted two studies on the way attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was portrayed in the TV programs and the lay-public press in France between 1995 and 2015, but the growing part played by the Internet required an additional study to analyze and compare the scientific material which is available to the French lay public depending on the source of information used. We studied the 50 first French websites dedicated to attention-deficit/hyperactivity as indexed by Google® search engine using a structured quantitative content analysis for the web. We illustrate our results with excerpts derived from the websites. The conceptions of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder available on the Internet are essentially biomedical and comprise an important level of scientific distortion. Findings concerning other mass media such as television programs and the press also demonstrate massive and systematic distortions caused by the role of experts and the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, the most consulted media present the highest level of scientific distortions.

scholarly journals Internet memes as a new sociocultural phenomenon

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Kirill Leonidovich Ryzhkov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Active Attention ◽  
Information Manipulation ◽  
Media Markets ◽  
The Government

The subject of this research is the Internet meme as a phenomenon in modern culture, while the object is the study of global Internet environment for the existence of this phenomenon. The author explores the role of the Internet meme in culture in the context of globalization and Internet development; communication function of the Internet meme in modern society; as well as the use of Internet memes as informational and semantic signals that affect the existing media markets. Special attention is given to interrelation between the Internet meme as a cultural object and the Internet as a global environment for people’s communication worldwide. The main conclusions lies in determination of the role of the Internet meme in the modern social life, as well as its place in the cultural sphere. The author's special contribution lies in description of the mechanisms of impact of the Internet memes on media markets, as well as the market and information field of news, advertising, marketing, and propaganda. The relevance of this work is defined by the analysis of emergence of the Internet meme not only as a result of creativity, but also as a commercial product and means of information manipulation. The novelty of consists in examination and analysis of such aspects of the Internet memes as a phenomenon that have become significant in the last few years, which is proven by the active attention paid of businesses and the government.

scholarly journals LA MEDICINA NEL CAFFÈ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Gaspari
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Narrative Writing ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The One

The magazine of Milan Enlightenment had an open attitude to the new knowledge spreading through Europe and was committed towards the dissemination of the so-called «useful studies». This implied that themes related to medicine were widely present among its articles, which recognized the central role of medicine in social life and presented it as both the inescapable premise of the ‘well-being’ of individuals and the population at large, and the aim of any good administration. Il Caffè decisively stands for ‘new’ medicine, the one that best takes into account the progress of studies, and that values the constant updating of its practitioners; medicine to be considered as science rather than experience. Thanks to all these elements, together with its inclusion in the complex system of scientific knowledge (inherently subject to constant verification), the lively formula of erudite entertainment opens, in more than one case, to concrete results, as in Pietro Verri’s article Sull’innesto del vaiuolo (On smallpox grafting); here, the author resolutely places the Caffè in favor of the still suspect practice of inoculation. Furthermore, even though it is Pietro Verri again who offers a wide-ranging nomenclature framework (with the article La medicina), undoubtedly most of the contributors are involved in dealing with these issues with an almost revolutionary narrative writing; certainly the model is English educational journalism, but with an incisiveness that also pays attention to the emerging sensiblerie, especially the «diseases of imagination» and those from which «more or less every man suffers without exactly distinguishing the cause».

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE INTERNET IN STRENGTHENING SOCIAL CAPITAL IN EU RURAL AREAS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena KOZERA-KOWALSKA ◽  
Adam KOZIOLEK
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The One ◽  
Access To Knowledge

The article discusses the role of the Internet as an innovative form of interpersonal communication. We assumed that Internet usage in rural areas may not only result in better access to knowledge and information, but also contribute to stronger social cohesion and prevent exclusion of the elderly. We analysed information about individual Internet users in Poland and the EU, including changes related to age, education and domicile. The data enabled us to identify expected change tendencies in rural areas. We highlighted the process of ageing of European farmers with its related social and economic consequences. Against this background, we show the dual role played by the Internet in strengthening social capital in rural areas. On the one hand, it is educational in that it educates and activates young farmers. On the other, it is social, i.e. it helps the elderly stay in touch and participate in social life. We also raised the problem of potential digital exclusion of the elderly.

scholarly journals Prasa a internet: konkurencja czy komplementarność?

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Agata Kotowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Technology And Culture ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

The author’s considerations concern the relationship in the period of fundamental changes in technology and culture between the press and the Internet — two media which are different in both form and function. The influence of the press is changing which is shown in the diminishing sales worldwide, and the significance of the Internet is increasing. The systematic contraction of the market for the press is caused by several factors. The competitiveness of the Internet increases with the increasing participation of the young generation in social life. At the same time there is a deep cultural transformation underway which involves the increasing domination of the pictorial environment, the marginalization of the word, the shallowness which replaces previous values. There are many possible futures for the press. The most probable is that it will adapt in form and will continue to exist in the media market. The influence  of the press on future societies remains unclear.

The Disease of Language and the Language of Disease

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES W. FERNANDEZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Racial Profiling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Assassination ◽  
And Coping

This chapter raises some of the interlinked matters that have been very much at issue in press, television, and the world wide web since September 11. First is the role of the imagination itself, and of the unimaginable, in experiencing and categorising what we have difficulty understanding, and its role in our coming to terms with and coping with difficult matters of any kind. Second are the social interaction processes of categorisation and re-categorisation. Third is the contribution to our understanding provided by attention to the play of tropes in social life, and to the importance of tropology to our anthropology. Fourth are the multitude of moral issues and their claim upon our actions and reactions: the morality present in religious fundamentalism, for example. But also now under intense and renewed debate is the morality of political assassination, of racial profiling, of the employ of weapons of mass destruction. And fifth, in all of this and everywhere we find the disease of reification/entification of our newly realised world historical problem, the increasing disparity of well being. These are the diseases of language investigated here.

scholarly journals „Macierzyństwo nowoplemienne” – analiza jakościowa parentingowych komunikatów internetowych

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 237-258
Author(s):  
Malwina Dankiewicz-Berger ◽  
Sylwia Cendal
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Taking Care

Powszechnie macierzyństwo postrzegane jest, podobnie jak związana z nim rola matki, przez pryzmat różnorodnych stereotypów. Macierzyństwo stanowi jeden z najważniejszych etapów w życiu kobiety, a współcześnie wobec matek formułowane są różnorodne oczekiwania: aby potrafiły efektywnie zająć się pracą, domem, życiem rodzinnym, a przede wszystkim dziećmi. W opinii społecznej realizacja tych zadań powinna matkom zapewnić poczucie spełnienia życiowego, mimo psychofizycznego zmęczenia. Jednak nie zawsze tak jest – kobiety coraz częściej dzielą się otwarcie opiniami i doświadczeniami związanymi z przeżywanym macierzyństwem, przedstawianym bardziej realistycznie, ze wszystkimi jego wadami oraz zaletami. Ze względu na znaczenie macierzyństwa względem indywidualnego i społecznego życia w artykule została przedstawiona próba weryfikacji stereotypu Matki Polki w kontekście danych pochodzących z parentingowych komunikatów internetowych publikowanych przez współczesne matki. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz zostało zidentyfikowane nowe zjawisko społeczne, związane z funkcjonowaniem w przestrzeni internetowej specyficznej grupy kobiet określonych przez autorki artykułu mianem „matek nowoplemiennych”. W tekście podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytania, jakie są cechy „nowoplemiennej matki” oraz jak określa ona problemy związane z macierzyństwem. Motherhood is widely perceived (similarly as the role of mother associated with it) through the prism of various stereotypes. Motherhood is one of the most important threads in a woman’s life and nowadays, many things are expected of mothers, such as: being effective at work, home, being able to take care of house and family, and above all, taking care of children. In the social opinion, being successful in all of these areas “should” give a mother a sense of fulfillment despite her psychophysical fatigue. However, this is not always the case – women more often share opinions and experiences related to the experience of motherhood, with all its advantages and disadvantages. Due to the importance of motherhood for individual and social life, this article presents an attempt to verify the stereotype of a Polish Mother in the context of parenting content published by modern mothers on the internet. Based on analysis, a new social phenomenon has been identified. There is a specific group of women functioning in the internet, they are described by the authors of the article as “neo-tribe mothers”. Authors made an attempt to answer the following questions, such as: what the characteristics of a “neo-tribe mother” are and how she identifies problems related to motherhood.

Privacy and Surveillance: The Multidisciplinary Literature on the Capture, Use, and Disclosure of Personal Information in Cyberspace

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Bennett ◽  
Christopher Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Control ◽  
To Come

This chapter covers the multidisciplinary literature on the protection of personal information in the online world, which extends back to the origins of social research on computing, and addresses the link between key structures of the Internet and the literatures on privacy and surveillance. Then, it turns to the literature on the role of international, legal, self-regulatory, and technological policy instruments in protecting personal information online. The nature of the Internet is entirely consistent with the metaphor of the ‘surveillant assemblage’. The Internet has become a fundamentally ‘surveillance-ready’ technology, and is becoming deeply integrated into the structures of social life. The rise of Internet-enabled surveillance and information control is significant. The story of privacy and surveillance is episodic and reflective of quite frenzied attempts to come to grips with unprecedented technological transformations in the light of the most recent scandal or controversy.

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