scholarly journals Adaptive Structures and Biomimetic Robots – A Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
A. Concilio ◽  
I. Dimino ◽  
S. Ameduri ◽  
R. Pecor
Keyword(s):  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Adaptive Structures ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
General Systems ◽  
Innovative Capabilities ◽  
Current Century ◽  
Common Future ◽  
And Robotics

This paper gives an overview of some recent full-scale demonstrations of morphing devices capable of providing innovative capabilities to general systems in changing shape and improving performance significantly during operations. In aeronautics, large progress has been observed over the last few years, meaning that this technology is rapidly transitioning from laboratory scale to high TRL demonstrators. The most advanced concepts already proved to withstand loads with minimal deformation while having the capability to change their geometry to attain additional benefits with respect to their original mission. In the same way, robotics has become one of the most prominent technological trends of the current century. The rapid increase in their use and development has significantly changed our society by gradually replacing a large share of human jobs. Such an evolution is also rapidly accelerating, as technological advances in automation, engineering, artificial intelligence, and machine learning converge. Since both domains involve the integration of actuators, sensors and controllers and face integrity challenges in harsh environments, they may be seen somehow related and probably share a common future. In this article, the authors propose an original view of a possible future scenario that is likely to consider a unique development path for research on adaptive structures and robotics.

scholarly journals Coding and educational robotics and their relationship with computational and creative thinking. A compressive review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (63) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raidell Avello ◽  
Jari Lavonen ◽  
Miguel Zapata-Ros
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Educational Robotics ◽  
Maker Movement ◽  
Robotic Technology ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Buenas Prácticas

Nuevas herramientas tecnológicas, servicios basados ​​en tecnología y soporte se están introduciendo en nuestra vida diaria más rápido que nunca. Entre estos avances tecnológicos, la tecnología robótica ha aumentado dramáticamente en los últimos años, así como su inclusión en la educación. El propósito del trabajo es ofrecer una revisión compresiva sobre las definiciones de pensamiento computacional y creativo y su medición, además, su relación con la codificación y la robótica educativa. La revisión se basa en los artículos más citados publicados en los últimos 10 años, recuperados de Google Scholar y otras bases de datos prestigiosas. La revisión ha demostrado que, con el uso de kits de codificación y robótica, generalmente no hay una forma correcta de resolver un desafío, y el pensamiento computacional y creativo está relacionado para encontrar una solución eficiente y buena a los problemas. No tener una respuesta correcta pero múltiples formas de abordar un problema es una experiencia con la que muchos maestros no están familiarizados. Es por eso que se necesita más investigación científica a este respecto, en términos de intervenciones exitosas que muestren evidencia y buenas prácticas que sirvan como capacitación y guíen a los maestros. New technological tools, technology-based services and support are being introduced into our daily lives faster than ever. Among these technological advances robotic technology has increased dramatically in recent years, the same as its inclusion in education. The purpose of the paper is offer a compressive review about computational and creative thinking definitions and its measurement, furthermore, its relationship with coding, educational robotics and the maker movement. The review is based in the most cited papers publish in the last 10 years, retrieved from google scholar and other prestigious databases. The review has showed that with the use of coding and robotics kits there is generally no correct way to solve a challenge, and computational and creative thinking are related to find efficient and good solution to problems. Not having a correct answer but multiple ways of addressing a problem is an experience that many teachers are not familiar with. That is why more scientific research is needed in this regard, in terms of successful interventions that show evidence and good practices that serve as training and guides teachers.

scholarly journals Tapping Diversity From the Wild: From Sampling to Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sariel Hübner ◽  
Michael B. Kantar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Germplasm Characterization ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Key Factor

The diversity observed among crop wild relatives (CWRs) and their ability to flourish in unfavorable and harsh environments have drawn the attention of plant scientists and breeders for many decades. However, it is also recognized that the benefit gained from using CWRs in breeding is a potential rose between thorns of detrimental genetic variation that is linked to the trait of interest. Despite the increased interest in CWRs, little attention was given so far to the statistical, analytical, and technical considerations that should guide the sampling design, the germplasm characterization, and later its implementation in breeding. Here, we review the entire process of sampling and identifying beneficial genetic variation in CWRs and the challenge of using it in breeding. The ability to detect beneficial genetic variation in CWRs is strongly affected by the sampling design which should be adjusted to the spatial and temporal variation of the target species, the trait of interest, and the analytical approach used. Moreover, linkage disequilibrium is a key factor that constrains the resolution of searching for beneficial alleles along the genome, and later, the ability to deplete linked deleterious genetic variation as a consequence of genetic drag. We also discuss how technological advances in genomics, phenomics, biotechnology, and data science can improve the ability to identify beneficial genetic variation in CWRs and to exploit it in strive for higher-yielding and sustainable crops.

scholarly journals Antibodies Engineering by Computational Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mujahed I. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Computational Approach ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Selection System ◽  
High Throughput Data ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Large Sets ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Robotics

In the pre era of synthetic antibodies, pharmaceutical companies depend on finding novel drugs from medicinal plants and other traditional resources; while in present, technological advances in biology, computer and robotics give the researchers the ability to rewrite and edit DNA in order to synthesize very large sets of drug candidates; these novel and improved candidates serves the basis for creating another library of drug candidates and so on until we find the right biomolecule for the disease of interest. all these technologies combined together to synthesize therapeutic antibodies for many types of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases, that can address diseases much more readily to very rapidly get therapeutics into patients so that we can potentially have an impact on disease. The antibodies mechanism is recognize and bind to disease cells and pinpoint the immune system to attack those cells effectively. Now a days, they dependent on computational approach to guide and accelerate the process of antibodies engineering by combination of selection system and use of high-throughput data acquisition and analysis to build and construct populations of next generation antibodies that are thermo-stable, non-immunogenic as possible, and to be administered to many humans as possible. In this review, I will discuss the latest in silico methods for antibodies engineering.

scholarly journals Recent advances and future trends in microendoscopic spine surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Sameer Ruparel ◽  
Ankit Patel ◽  
Vishal Kundnani ◽  
Ram Chaddha
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Endoscopic Spine Surgery ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Incision Size ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
And Robotics

Micro Endoscopic Spine Surgery (MISS) aims to achieve the goals of conventional techniques with minimum collateral damage. Though initial reports date back to the early 20th century, drive to implement these in routine practice have been recent with technological advances. Presently, the indications and its applications are ever expanding such that they can be used to tackle most pathologies right from cervical to lumbar spine. The advantages of MIS techniques like faster recover and less post-operative pain have been documented in numerous studies but so are also its drawbacks related to the learning curve and radiation exposures. To tackle these, we see future trends like Navigation and Robotics, along with ever decreasing incision size supplementing Endoscopic procedures. This manuscript aims to give a brief outlook of recent advances and future trends in MISS.

scholarly journals A Technological Scenario for a Healthier, More Equitable and Sustainable Europe in 2040: Citizen Perceptions and Policy Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlind Xhelili ◽  
Rosa Strube ◽  
Francesca Grossi ◽  
Iva Zvěřinová ◽  
Timothy Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Citizen Perceptions ◽  
Sustainable Societies ◽  
Future Policy

This article aims at exploring, understanding and comparing European citizens’ insights and perceptions towards “My life between realities”, a positive future scenario which depicts a narrative of reaching healthier, more equitable and sustainable societies by 2040 with the support of technology and technological solutions. It responds to the need for gathering and incorporating more citizen insights into future policy developments and strategic actions to tackle the global challenge of unsustainable development. Citizens of five European countries—the Czech Republic, Germany, North Macedonia, Spain and the United Kingdom—have been consulted through focus groups. The exercise has uncovered citizens’ preferences and attitudes towards four main lifestyle areas; namely, green spaces, energy efficient housing, active mobility and (food) consumption. The technological attributes of the scenario led to citizens expressing diametrically opposed and critical perceptions and attitudes. Given the prospects of technology in driving sustainable development, based on these insights, policy recommendations for the better integration and acceptance of technological advances by the public are discussed herein.

Robots in tourism: A research agenda for tourism economics

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1065-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Ivanov ◽  
Craig Webster
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
And Robotics

The technological advances in artificial intelligence and robotics allow the massive introduction of service robots by travel, tourism and hospitality companies. While research on service robots in tourism is gaining momentum, the economic aspects of robots’ adoption have been quite neglected. This article critically evaluates the current research on the economic aspects of service robots in tourism and the implications of robots for tourism economics as a field of research in three domains: tourism supply, tourism demand and destination management. In that way, the article delves into the economics of service robots from the perspectives of the tourism companies, the tourists and the destinations as a whole. On the basis of this discussion, the article identifies various research directions and develops specific research questions related to the adoption of robots in tourism that need to be answered by future research in tourism economics.

Modeling, Control and Simulation of a New Large Scale Cable-Driven Robot

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Alikhani ◽  
Saeed Behzadipour ◽  
Farbod Ghahremani ◽  
Aria Alasty ◽  
S. Ali Sadough Vanini
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Linearization ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Input Constraints ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Rotational Motions ◽  
Dynamics Models ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Robotics

In this paper, modeling and control of a new cable-driven robot is presented. In this mechanism, the cable arrangement eliminates the rotational motions leaving the moving platform with three translational motion. The mechanism has potentials for large scale manipulation and robotics in harsh environments. In this article kinematics and dynamics models for the proposed cable-driven architecture are derived. Additionally, Feedback linearization under input constraints is used for the control of the robot. The control algorithm ensures the cable tensions are positive while minimizing the sum of all the torques exerted by the actuators. Finally, the implementation of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulation.

Socio-demographic influences on language structure and change: Not all learners are the same

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Bergmann ◽  
Rick Dale ◽  
Gary Lupyan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Language Structure

AbstractThe Now-or-Never bottleneck has important consequence for understanding why languages have the structures they do. However, not addressed by C&C is that the bottleneck may interact with who is doing the learning: While some languages are mostly learned by infants, others have a large share of adult learners. We argue that such socio-demographic differences extend and qualify C&C's thesis.

High-resolution measurement of birefringent fine structure in living cells using a new polarized light microscope

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Rudolf Oldenbourg
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Birefringent Crystal ◽  
Technological Advances

The recent renaissance of the light microsope is fueled in part by technological advances in components on the periphery of the microscope, such as the laser as illumination source, electronic image recording (video), computer assisted image analysis and the biochemistry of fluorescent dyes for labeling specimens. After great progress in these peripheral parts, it seems timely to examine the optics itself and ask how progress in the periphery facilitates the use of new optical components and of new optical designs inside the microscope. Some results of this fruitful reflection are presented in this symposium.We have considered the polarized light microscope, and developed a design that replaces the traditional compensator, typically a birefringent crystal plate, with a precision universal compensator made of two liquid crystal variable retarders. A video camera and digital image processing system provide fast measurements of specimen anisotropy (retardance magnitude and azimuth) at ALL POINTS of the image forming the field of view. The images document fine structural and molecular organization within a thin optical section of the specimen.

“Getting High Resolution Out of A High Voltage Microscope”

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 822-825
Author(s):  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Theoretical Limit ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Potential Improvement ◽  
Lower Voltage

The initial attractions of the high voltage electron microscope (HVEM) stemmed mainly from the possibility of considerable increases in electron penetration through thick specimens compared with conventional 100KV microscopes, although the potential improvement in resolution associated with the decrease in election wavelength had been fully appreciated for many years (eg. Cosslett, 1946)1, even if not realizable in practice. Subsequent technological advances enabled the performance of lower voltage machines to be brought closer to the theoretical limit, to be followed in turn by more recent projects which have been successful, eventually, in achieving even higher resolution with dedicated higher voltage instruments such as those at Kyoto (500KV)2, Munich (400KV)3, Ibaraki (1250KV)4 and Cambridge (600KV)5. It does not necessarily follow however that the performance of journal high voltage microscopes can be easily upgraded, retrospectively, to the same level, as will be discussed in detail below.

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