scholarly journals Is there a role for reproductive steroids in the etiology and treatment of affective disorders?

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Affective Dysregulation ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Reproductive Steroids

A variety of hormones have been shown to play a role in affective disorders. Reproductive steroids are particularly informative in our efforts to understand the pathophysiology of affective dysregulation for several reasons: i) Reproductive endocrine-related mood disorders (premenstrual dysphoric disorder, perinatal depression, perimenopausal depression) are wonderful clinical models for investigating the mechanisms by which affective state changes occur; ii) Reproductive steroids regulate virtually every system that has been implicated as disturbed in the ontogeny of affective disorders; iii) Despite the absence of a reproductive endocrinopathy a triggering role in the affective disturbance of reproductive mood disorders has been shown clearly for changes in reproductive steroids. The existing data, therefore, support a differential sensitivity to reproductive steroids in reproductive mood disorders such that an abnormal affective state is precipitated by normal changes in reproductive steroids. The therapeutic implications of these findings for affective illness are discussed.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF THE PREVALENCE OF AFFECTIVE AND NEUROTIC DISORDERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE POLTAVA REGION FOR 2014-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1125
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Havlovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
World Population ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
And Behavior

Introduction: Recently, the situation regarding the mental health of the world population has a tendency to deteriorate and is one of the most serious problems, which faced all countries of the world and in particular the European region (ER), since at one or another period of life problems of mental health arise at least in every fourth person of the ER, and Ukraine is no exception. ATO in Ukraine was started in 2014. We investigated the level of hospitalized mental morbidity in the residents of the city of Poltava since 2014. The aim: To study hospitalized mental morbidity of the population of the Poltava region since 2014. Materials and methods: Studied the incidence and prevalence of depressive disorders in Poltava and Poltava regions according to the new WHO classification. ICD-11. According to the report form 10 “Report on the Disease of Persons with Mental Disorders and Behavior”, the following classes of depression were studied: F30-39 Mood Disorders (Affective Disorders, F40-48 - Neurotic and Somatic Disorders, F43.0 - Severe Stress and Compliance). Review: Affective disorders are a set of psychiatric disorders, also called mood disorders. The main types of affective disorders are depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder. Symptoms vary by individual and can range from mild to severe. Conclusions: The rate of growth of morbidity of affective disorder has decreased, compared with 2014, by -14% and neurotic disorders has increased 3,2%.

Mood Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan A Baloch ◽  
Jair C. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of

Affective disorders are among the most common disorders in psychiatry. They are generally classified according to the persistence and extent of symptoms and by the polarity of these symptoms. The two poles of the affective spectrum are mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is characterized by the presence of the mania or hypomania and often depression. Unipolar depression is defined by depression in the absence of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania. These differences are not merely categorical but have important implications for the prognosis and treatment of these conditions. Bipolar disorder, for example, is better treated using mood-stabilizing medication, whereas unipolar depression responds optimally to antidepressant medications. In addition, prognostically, unipolar depression may sometimes be limited to one episode in a lifetime, whereas bipolar disorder is typically a lifelong condition. The course of both conditions, however, is often chronic, and frequently patients can present with unipolar depression only to later develop manic symptoms. A thorough understanding of both conditions is therefore required to treat patients presenting with affective symptomatology. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology and genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of unipolar depression and bipolar disorder. Figures illustrate gray matter differences with lithium use and the bipolar spectrum. Tables list the pharmacokinetics of commonly used antidepressants and medications commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables, and 136 references.

Genetic aetiology of mood disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 650-658
Author(s):  
Pierre Oswald ◽  
Daniel Souery ◽  
Julien Mendlewicz
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Context

Advances towards the understanding of the etiological mechanisms involved in mood disorders provide interesting yet diverse hypotheses and promising models. In this context, molecular genetics has now been widely incorporated into genetic epidemiological research in psychiatry. Affective disorders and, in particular, bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) have been examined in many molecular genetic studies which have covered a large part of the genome, specific hypotheses such as mutations have also been studied. Most recent studies indicate that several chromosomal regions may be involved in the aetiology of BPAD. Other studies have reported the presence of anticipation in BPAD and in unipolar affective disorder (UPAD). In parallel to these new developments in molecular genetics, the classical genetic epidemiology, represented by twin, adoption and family studies, provided additional evidence in favour of the genetic hypothesis in mood disorders. Moreover, these methods have been improved through models to test the gene-environment interactions. In addition to genetic approaches, psychiatric research has focused on the role of psychosocial factors in the emergence of mood disorders. In this approach, psychosocial factors refer to the patient's social life context as well as to personality dimensions. Abnormalities in the social behavior such as impairment in social relationships have been observed during episode of affective disorders, and implicated in the etiology of affective disorders. Further, gender and socio-economic status also emerged as having a possible impact on the development of affective disorders. Finally, the onset and outcome of affective disorders could also be explained by interactions between the social life context and the individual's temperament and personality. The importance of temperament and personality characteristics in the etiology of depression has been emphasized in various theories, although disagreement exists with regard to terminology and the etiology. While significant advances have been done in these two major fields of research, it appears that integrative models, taking into account the interactions between biological (genetic) factors and social (psychosocial environment) variables offer the most reliable way to approach the complex mechanisms involved in the etiology and outcome of mood disorders. This chapter will review some of the most promising genetic and psychosocial hypotheses in mood disorders that can be integrated in interactive models.

scholarly journals Elevated Serum Levels of Homocysteine as an Early Prognostic Factor of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kevere ◽  
Santa Purvina ◽  
Daiga Bauze ◽  
Marcis Zeibarts ◽  
Raisa Andrezina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
C677t Polymorphism ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Background and Goal. The aim was to examine the serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and their associations with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders as well as controls.Materials and Methods. There were 198 patients: 82 with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 22 with mood disorders, and 94 controls. The level of Hcy was determined by an isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography system.MTHFRC677T polymorphism was analysed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction method.Results. The average level of Hcy was11.94±5.6 μmol/L for patients with schizophrenia,11.65±3.3 μmol/L for patients with affective disorders, versus6.80±2.93 μmol/L in a control. The highest level of Hcy has been observed in patients with episodic-recurrent course of schizophrenia (11.30±7.74 μmol/L), paranoid schizophrenia continuous (12.76±5.25 μmol/L), and in patients with affective disorders (11.65±3.26 μmol/L). An association between theMTHFRgene C677T polymorphism and Hcy level was found by linear regression analysis (r=1.41,P=0.029).Conclusions. The data indicate a link between Hcy levels and schizophrenia and mood disorders. No associations between the level of Hcy in patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders and theMTHFRC677T polymorphism were found.

scholarly journals Early Life Trauma Predicts Affective Phenomenology and the Effects are Partly Mediated by Staging Coupled with Lowered Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Maes ◽  
Ana Congio ◽  
Juliana Brum Moraes ◽  
Kamila Landucci Bonifacio ◽  
Decio Sabbatini Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Early Life Trauma ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundEarly life trauma (ELT) may drive mood disorder phenomenology, neuro-oxidative and neuro-immune pathways and impairments in semantic memory. Nevertheless, there are no data regarding the impact of ELT on affective phenomenology and whether these pathways are mediated by staging or lowered lipid-associated antioxidant defences.MethodsThis study examined healthy controls (n=54) and patients with affective disorders including major depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders (n=118). ELT was assessed using the Child Trauma Questionnaire. In addition, we measured affective phenomenology and assayed advanced oxidation protein products; malondialdehyde, paraoxonase 1 (CMPAase) activity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.ResultsELT was associated with increased risk for mood and comorbid anxiety disorders and a more severe phenomenology, including staging characteristics (number of mood episodes), severity of depression and anxiety, suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, type of treatments received, disabilities, body mass index, smoking behaviour and hsCRP, as well as lowered health-related quality of life, socio-economic status, antioxidant defences and semantic memory. The number of mood episodes and CMPAase/HDL-cholesterol levels could be reliably combined into a new vulnerability staging-biomarker index, which mediates in part the effects of ELT on affective phenomenology, while lowered antioxidant defences are associated with increased oxidative stress. Moreover, the effects of female sex on mood disorders and affective phenomenology are mediated by ELT.DiscussionThe cumulative effects of different types of ELT drive many aspects of affective phenomenology either directly or indirectly through effects of staging and/or lipid–associated antioxidant defences. The results show that children, especially girls, with ELT are at great risk to develop mood disorders and more severe phenotypes of affective disorders.

scholarly journals Gonadal steroids, brain, and behavior: role of context

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The nature and extent of the impact of gender and reproductive function on mood has been the subject of speculation and controversy for centuries. Over the past 50 years, however, it has become increasingly clear that not only is the brain a major target of reproductive steroid hormones, but additionally, the steroid hormones, as neuroregulators, create a context thai influences a broad range of brain activities; ie, neural actions and resultant behaviors are markedly different in the presence and absence of gonadal steroids. In turn, the actions of gonadal steroids are themselves context-dependent. Thus, even where it can be demonstrated thai gonadal steroids trigger mood disorders, the triggers are normal levels of gonadal steroids (to be contrasted with the mood disturbances accompanying endocrinopathies), and the mood disorders appear only in a subset of susceptible individuals. The context specificity and differential susceptibility to affective dysregulation seen in women with reproductive endocrine-related mood disorders are undoubtedly important underlying characteristics of a wide range of psychiatric disorders in which the triggers have not yet been identified. Consequently, reproductive endocrine-related mood disorders offer unparalleled promise for the identification of those contextual variables that permit biological stimuli to differentially translate into depression in individuals at risk.

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