Effect of Childhood Psychological Trauma on Mood and Neurotic Disorders: A Systematic Review

Childhood trauma has been always associated with an increase in the prevalence of mental illnesses. Here, in this paper, we try to investigate and analyse different research papers to understand the relationship between childhood trauma and neurotic and mood disorders. We analysed more than 55 papers from the various sample populations which comprised various age groups. The results showed that childhood sexual and physical abuse is more prevalent in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders. Also, bipolar and neurotic excoriation patients had a history of childhood trauma. This concluded that childhood trauma can increase the risk of developing mood or neurotic disorders. Keywords: Childhood trauma, abuse, neurotic disorder and mood disorder.

The randomized clinical trial results of the anxiety treatment in patients with somatoform dysfunction and neurotic disorders

The existing treatments for somatoform dysfunction (SfD), reaction to severe stress (RSS), and adjustment disorders (AjD) are insufficiently effective and safe. Anxiolytic drug Tenoten proved effective in clinical trials (CT). The aim of this multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled randomized CT was to investigate the safety and efficacy of Tenoten in the treatment of anxiety in adults with SfD, RSS, AjD and other neurotic disorders (oNDs). 390 adult patients with SfD, RSS and AjD or oNDs with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale-anxiety (HADS-A) score ≥ 11 were randomized into 4 groups (n = 127 in Tenoten group 1 (4 tablets/day); n = 131 in Tenoten group 3 (8 tablets/day), n = 132 in combined Placebo group 2 + 4). The changes from baseline in the mean Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) score in groups 1 and 3 after 12 weeks were the primary outcome. The decrease of the HAM-A score from 18.81 ± 5.81 to 7.26 ± 4.63 (in group 1) and from 18.38 ± 4.3 to 6.40 ± 4.02 (in group 3) was observed post-treatment (pgroup 1/placebo = 0.0055, pgroup 3/placebo < 0.0001). Overall, 46 adverse events (28 in the Tenoten groups and 18 in the Placebo) were reported without any difference between the study groups. Tenoten performed significantly more effective than placebo in the anxiety treatment of adults with SfD, RSS, AjD and oNDs (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03036293).

Analysis of factors influencing the formation of neurotic disorders in sudents of higher education institutions

The article analyzes the factors influencing the formation of non-psychotic mental disorders (NPD) in students of higher education institutions.The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors influencing the formation of non psychotic mental disorders in students of higher education.Material and methods. We analyzed the results of a survey of 1235 students. Methods applied: clinical, clinical, psychopathological, clinical, epidemiological, clinical and medical history, experimental psychological and statistical methods. Results. It has been found that living alone much increases the risk of NPD, namely 2.21 times. Notably, more married students have an NPD of 15.46% versus 3.53% of healthy students (p <0.05). Significantly more students with NPD rated family relationships as "calm, cold" 19.87% versus 4.14% of healthy students (p<0.05). So we can say that cold relationships in the family are factors in the formation of NPD. Significantly more students with NPD recognized interpersonal conflicts in the team as an urgent problem - 96 (30.28%), while only 165 (17.97%) healthy students noted this problem (p <0.05).Conclusions. The identified patterns must be taken into account when building programs for early diagnosis of NPD, as well as when planning individually targeted psychotherapeutic care.

Relationship between psychovegetative status dysfunction and markers of the early formation of the atherosclerotic process in flight personnel in the Far North

The aim of this work is studying the influence of the severity of dysfunctions on the part of the central and autonomic nervous systems on the atherosclerotic process in hypertension in flight crews with concomitant traditional factors of cardiovascular risk (abdominal obesity) serving in the Far North by the authors.Materials and methods. A clinical examination was carried out on 54 patients (men) aged from 33 to 42 years, from among the military personnel of the aviation personnel of the Northern Fleet naval aviation, the average age of the examined was 37.4±4.6 years. The following groups of patients were formed: 1st (n=26) — flight crew specialists serving in the Far North, with first degree abdominal obesity, first stage hypertension and moderate astheno-neurotic disorders (main group); 2nd (n=14) — flight crew specialists serving in the Far North, with first degree abdominal obesity, first stage hypertension in comorbidity with mild astheno-neurotic disorders; Group 3 (n=10) was represented by flight crew patients with the first stage of hypertension with initial manifestations of psychovegetative dysfunctions (control). We assessed the qualitative and quantitative paired correlations between the state of the psychological status, regulation of the neuropsychic adaptation system, markers of early formation of atherosclerosis, and indicators of the average daily blood pressure level.Results and their discussion. It was found that the severity of disorders of the asthenovegetative spectrum in the examined groups has a negative direct pathological effect on quantitative and qualitative paired correlations between indicators characterizing the state of psychophysiological status, markers of early formation of the atherosclerotic process, and values of average daily blood pressure monitoring. The results obtained make it possible to summarize that the more pronounced the disturbances in the functioning of the central and autonomic nervous systems in hypertension in persons from the flight crew, the more significant the shifts towards atherogenicity of indicators reflecting the activity of the atherosclerotic process and the more unfavorable outcome in the course of cardiovascular pathology in such patients.

THE STATE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF DOCTORS AND NURSES WORKING IN TREATMENT AND CARE OF CORONAVIRUS PATIENTS

The quality of work of healthcare workers (doctors and nurses) is directly dependent on the state of their psychological health, as well as on their ability to adequately and promptly respond to the occurrence of pathological stress reactions and neurotic disorders. In May-June 2020, 373 medical workers were interviewed in the Sverdlovsk region, including 86 specialist doctors and 287 paramedical workers involved in the treatment and care of patients with coronavirus decease COVID-19 who are in hospital. The results of the study showed: the level of psychological stability among doctors and nurses is quite low; the state of adaptation to extreme situations is unsatisfactory. One third of the subjects reported increased exhaustion and neurotization, the loss of the most important guidelines and values, which was accompanied by extremely negative and intense external and internal emotions. The indices of the private scales of neurotization indicate the development of tendencies towards psychological instability and maladjustment, which can lead to acute and chronic psychogenic disorders. From one fifth to one third of healthcare workers are susceptible to various disorders of psychological stability and neurotization. All this indicates the need for psychological support and the development of strategies for psychotherapeutic work with doctors and nurses involved in the treatment and care of patients in the event of emergencies.

Study of the focus of achievement motivation in mental pathology

The phenomenon of achievement motivation is very important in psychology, as research explains the driving forces of human behavior and activity. That is why interest in studying the achievement motivation is constantly growing. The authors of this article believe that the content structure of the achievement motivation in humans has two components – adaptive and transcendental. The purpose of this article is to present an experimental study of the meaningful characteristics of achievement motivation in persons with mental pathology. The research method is projective methodology - Hekhauzen test and author's modification of this test for persons with mental pathology, Freiburg multifactorial personality questionnaire, Diagnostics of self-actualization of personality SAMOAL. The obtained results of the study of achievement motivation in persons with mental pathology show that respondents of this category have changes in the motivational-value-semantic sphere, changes are shown in extreme manifestation of one of the tendencies (adaptation or transcendence), or extremely weak representation of both trends. Keywords: achievement, neurotic disorders, affective disorders, adaptation, transcendence, Hekhauzen test.

ՆԵՎՐՈՏԻԿ ԽԱՆԳԱՐՈՒՄՆԵՐԻ ԴՐՍԵՎՈՐՈՒՄՆԵՐԸ ՄԱՆԿԱԿԱՆ ՏԱՐԻՔՈՒՄ ԵՎ ԴՐԱՆՑ ՀԱՂԹԱՀԱՐՄԱՆ ՀՈԳԵԲԱՆԱԿԱՆ ՈՒՂԻՆԵՐԸ / MANIFESTATIONS OF NEUROTIC DISORDERS IN CHILDHOOD AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WAYS OF OVERCOMING THEM

Վերջին տարիներին հոգեբանների և մանկավարժների ուշադրության կենտրոնում հաճախ հայտնվում են նևրոտիկ խանգարումներով երեխաները, որոնց մոտ դրսևորվում են տարբեր նևրոտիկ վիճակներ՝ արտահայտված տիկերով, վախերով, կակազությամբ, էնուրեզովֈ Այսպիսի երեխաների զարգացման ճիշտ մանկավարժահոգեբանական աջակցության բացակայությունը տանում է սոցիալական դեզադապտացիայիֈ Կորեկցիոն ազդեցության համարժեք եղանակների ընտրությունը թույլ կտա հաղթահարել մանկական տարիքում դրսևորվող նևրոտիկ խանգարումները, ինչն էլ դարձել է հոդվածի քննարկման առարկաֈ: / In recent years, psychologists and pedagogues often focus on children with neurotic disorders, who have various neurotic symptoms, manifested by tics, stuttering, enuresis. Lack of proper pedagogical and psychological support for the development of a child, who is characterized by mental disorders, leads to social maladaptation. The choice of adequate methods of correctional effect will allow to overcome neurotic disorders in childhood, which has become the subject matter of the article.

Clinical validation of the scales of depression, neuroticism, somatization, personal anxiety and validity of the modified questionnaire for neurotic disorders

The classical theory of tests, in the framework of which a questionnaire for neurotic disorders was created, does not meet the requirements of modern psychometrics. In this regard, it became necessary to use new technologies for its modification and effective use in the clinic. The Rush metric system, a variation of modern test theory, is the only measurement model that meets the criteria for a joint additive measurement. On the basis of the claims of the questionnaire for neurotic disorders, 13 scales with proven psychometric characteristics were formed in the framework of the Rush model. This article evaluated the clinical efficacy of five of them.The purpose of the study: to conduct clinical validation of the scales of depression, neuroticism, somatization, personal anxiety and validity of the modified version of the questionnaire for neurotic disorders.Materials and Methods: the sample consisted of research data from a group of subjects in the amount of 296 people. Among them, 167 women and 129 men. Statistical methods of work—factor analysis of standardized residuals, ROC analysis, correlation analysis of the total indicator.Results: 1. the points of each investigated scale characterize various aspects of one construct, that is, the scales are homogeneous; 2. through ROC analysis, high diagnostic properties of the scales were identified and cut-off values for each scale were calculated, which were the criteria for interpretation; 3. the criterion validity of the studied scales is statistically significantly higher or not different from the validity of the well-known questionnaires, which are the «gold standard» of measurement, which demonstrated a statistical comparison of their ROC curves; 4. the correlation analysis of the total indicator revealed statistically significant (p <0.05) correlation coefficients of the scales of the modified questionnaire among themselves, as well as with the assessments according to the MMPI scales, QIDS-SR16 questionnaire and the Hamilton anxiety score scale (HADS).Conclusion: the scales of depression, neuroticism, somatization, personal anxiety and validity of the modified version of the neurotic disorders questionnaire are clinically valid, and therefore, can be used to solve various practical problems in psychodiagnostics.

Relationship Pattern of Personality Disorder Traits in Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Normal personality development, gone awry due to genetic or environmental factors, results in personality disorders (PD). These often coexist with other psychiatric disorders, affecting their outcome adversely. Considering the heterogeneity of data, more research is warranted. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on personality traits in psychiatric patients of a tertiary hospital, over 1 year. Five hundred and twenty-five subjects, aged 18–45 years, with substance, psychotic, mood, or neurotic disorders were selected by convenience sampling. They were evaluated for illness-related variables using psychiatric pro forma; diagnostic confirmation and severity assessment were done using ICD-10 criteria and suitable scales. Personality assessment was done using the International Personality Disorder Examination after achieving remission. Results: Prevalence of PD traits and PDs was 56.3% and 4.2%, respectively. While mood disorders were the diagnostic group with the highest prevalence of PD traits, it was neurotic disorders for PDs. Patients with PD traits had a past psychiatric history and upper middle socioeconomic status (SES); patients with PDs were urban and unmarried. Both had a lower age of onset of psychiatric illness. Psychotic patients with PD traits had higher and lower PANSS positive and negative scores, respectively. The severity of personality pathology was highest for mixed cluster and among neurotic patients. Clusterwise prevalence was cluster C > B > mixed > A (47.1%, 25.2%, 16.7%, and 11.4%). Among subtypes, anankastic (18.1%) and mixed (16.7%) had the highest prevalence. Those in the cluster A group were the least educated and with lower SES than others. Conclusions: PD traits were present among 56.3% of the patients, and they had many significant sociodemographic and illness-related differences from those without PD traits. Cluster C had the highest prevalence. Among patients with psychotic disorders, those with PD traits had higher severity of psychotic symptoms.