scholarly journals Behaviour of dissolved organic matter during formation of natural and artificially grown Baltic Sea ice

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (57) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Müller ◽  
Anssi V. Vähätalo ◽  
Mats A. Granskog ◽  
Riitta Autio ◽  
Hermanni Kaartokallio
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Parallel Factor ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

AbstractDuring sea-ice formation, the dissolved constituents of water are rejected from ice crystals. the initial fractionation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Baltic Sea ice was studied through two freezing experiments and by sampling natural sea ice. DOM was characterized by the spectral absorption of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and the parallel factor analysis of DOM fluorescence. Molecular weight measurements of DOM were applied to assess changes in the molecular size distribution of DOM in new sea ice relative to parent sea water. Both in the newly formed artificial and the natural sea ice, CDOM was enriched by 34–39% relative to salinity. the same three identified DOM fluorophores were present both in sea water and ice but enriched by 15–54% relative to salinity in ice. After the incorporation of DOM into ice, the ageing of ice decreased the spectral slope coefficient and the molecular weight of DOM. This study shows that physical processes during freezing of brackish water enrich chromo- and fluorophoric DOM relative to salts in sea ice.

scholarly journals Tracing inputs of terrestrial high molecular weight dissolved organic matter within the Baltic Sea ecosystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4465-4475 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Deutsch ◽  
V. Alling ◽  
C. Humborg ◽  
F. Korth ◽  
C. M. Mörth
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Estuarine Mixing ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Bothnian Bay

Abstract. To test the hypothesis whether high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMW-DOM) in a high latitude marginal sea is dominated by terrestrial derived matter, 10 stations were sampled along the salinity gradient of the central and northern Baltic Sea and were analyzed for concentrations of dissolved organic carbon as well as δ13C values of HMW-DOM. Different end-member-mixing models were applied to quantify the influence of terrestrial DOM and to test for conservative versus non-conservative behavior of the terrestrial DOM in the different Baltic Sea basins. The share of terrestrial DOM to the total HMW-DOM was calculated for each station, ranging from 43 to 83%. This shows the high influence of terrestrial DOM inputs for the Baltic Sea ecosystem. The data also suggest that terrestrial DOM reaching the open Baltic Sea is not subject to substantial removal anymore. However compared to riverine DOM concentrations, our results indicate that substantial amounts of HMW-DOM (> 50%) seem to be removed near the coastline during estuarine mixing. A budget approach yielded residence times for terrestrial DOM of 2.8, 3.0, and 4.5 yr for the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea and the Baltic Proper.

scholarly journals Tracing inputs of terrestrial high molecular weight dissolved organic matter within the Baltic Sea Ecosystem

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 4483-4512 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Deutsch ◽  
V. Alling ◽  
C. Humborg ◽  
F. Korth ◽  
C. M. Mörth
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Estuarine Mixing ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Bothnian Bay

Abstract. To test the hypothesis whether dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a high latitude marginal sea is dominated by terrestrial derived matter 10 stations were sampled along the salinity gradient of the central and northern Baltic Sea and were analyzed for concentrations of dissolved organic carbon as well as δ13C values of high molecular weight DOM. Different end-member-mixing models were applied to quantify the influence of terrestrial DOM and to test for conservative versus non-conservative behavior of the terrestrial dissolved organic matter in the different Baltic Sea basins. The share of terrestrial DOM to the total DOM was calculated for each station, ranging from 43 to 83%. This shows the high influence of terrestrial DOM inputs for the Baltic Sea ecosystem. The data also suggest that terrestrial DOM that reaches the open Baltic Sea is not subject to substantial removal anymore. However compared to riverine DOM concentrations our results indicate that substantial amounts of DOM (>50%) seems to be removed near the coastline during estuarine mixing. A budget approach yielded residence times for terrestrial DOM of 2.3, 2.7, and 4.1 yr for the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea and the Baltic Proper.

The contribution of mycosporine-like amino acids, chromophoric dissolved organic matter and particles to the UV protection of sea-ice organisms in the Baltic Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonna Piiparinen ◽  
Sara Enberg ◽  
Janne-Markus Rintala ◽  
Ruben Sommaruga ◽  
Markus Majaneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Variety of mycosporine-like amino acids, chromophoric dissolved organic matter and deposited atmospheric particles provide UV-protection for sea-ice organisms.

The influence of dissolved organic matter on the acid–base system of the Baltic Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Kuliński ◽  
Bernd Schneider ◽  
Karoline Hammer ◽  
Ulrike Machulik ◽  
Detlef Schulz-Bull
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Base System ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Study on organic matter fractions in the surface micro layer in the Baltic Sea by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta Drozdowska ◽  
Iwona Wróbel ◽  
Piotr Markuszewski ◽  
Przemyslaw Makuch ◽  
Anna Raczkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The fluorescence and absorption measurements of the samples collected from a surface microlayer (SML) and a subsurface layer (SS), a depth of 1 m were studied during three research cruises in the Baltic Sea along with hydrophysical studies and meteorological observations. Several absorption (E2 : E3, S, SR) and fluorescence (fluorescence intensities at peaks: A, C, M, T, the ratio (M + T) / (A + C), HIX) indices of colored and fluorescent organic matter (CDOM and FDOM) helped to describe the changes in molecular size and weight as well as in composition of organic matter. The investigation allow to assess a decrease in the contribution of two terrestrial components (A and C) with increasing salinity (~ 1.64 % and ~ 1.89 % in SML and ~ 0.78 % and ~ 0.71 % in SS, respectively) and an increase of in-situ produced components (M and T) with salinity (~ 0.52 % and ~ 2.83 % in SML and ~ 0.98 % and ~ 1.87 % in SS, respectively). Hence, a component T reveals the biggest relative changes along the transect from the Vistula River outlet to Gdansk Deep, both in SML and SS, however an increase was higher in SML than in SS (~ 18.5 % and ~ 12.3 %, respectively). The ratio E2 : E3

scholarly journals Evidence for significant protein-like dissolved organic matter accumulation in Sea of Okhotsk sea ice

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (69) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats A. Granskog ◽  
Daiki Nomura ◽  
Susann Müller ◽  
Andreas Krell ◽  
Takenobu Toyota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Ultraviolet Range ◽  
Considerable Excess

AbstractAbsorption and fluorescence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in sea ice and surface waters in the southern Sea of Okhotsk was examined. Sea-water CDOM had featureless absorption increasing exponentially with shorter wavelengths. Sea ice showed distinct absorption peaks in the ultraviolet, especially in younger ice. Older first-year sea ice had relatively flat absorption spectra in the ultraviolet range. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) identified five fluorescent CDOM components, two humic-like and three protein-like. Sea water was largely governed by humic-like fluorescence. In sea ice, protein-like fluorescence was found in considerable excess relative to sea water. The accumulation of protein-like CDOM fluorescence in sea ice is likely a result of biological activity within the ice. Nevertheless, sea ice does not contribute excess CDOM during melt, but the material released will be of different composition than that present in the underlying waters. Thus, at least transiently, the CDOM introduced during sea-ice melt might provide a more labile source of fresher protein-like DOM to surface waters in the southern Sea of Okhotsk.

scholarly journals Parameterization of the light absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes

Ocean Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Meler ◽  
Piotr Kowalczuk ◽  
Mirosława Ostrowska ◽  
Dariusz Ficek ◽  
Monika Zabłocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. This study presents three alternative models for estimating the absorption properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter aCDOM(λ). For this analysis we used a database containing 556 absorption spectra measured in 2006–2009 in different regions of the Baltic Sea (open and coastal waters, the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Pomeranian Bay), at river mouths, in the Szczecin Lagoon and also in three lakes in Pomerania (Poland) – Obłęskie, Łebsko and Chotkowskie. The variability range of the chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption coefficient at 400 nm, aCDOM(400), lay within 0.15–8.85 m−1. The variability in aCDOM(λ) was parameterized with respect to the variability over 3 orders of magnitude in the chlorophyll a concentration Chl a (0.7–119 mg m−3). The chlorophyll a concentration and aCDOM(400) were correlated, and a statistically significant, nonlinear empirical relationship between these parameters was derived (R2 =  0.83). On the basis of the covariance between these parameters, we derived two empirical mathematical models that enabled us to design the CDOM absorption coefficient dynamics in natural waters and reconstruct the complete CDOM absorption spectrum in the UV and visible spectral domains. The input variable in the first model was the chlorophyll a concentration, and in the second one it was aCDOM(400). Both models were fitted to a power function, and a second-order polynomial function was used as the exponent. Regression coefficients for these formulas were determined for wavelengths from 240 to 700 nm at 5 nm intervals. Both approximations reflected the real shape of the absorption spectra with a low level of uncertainty. Comparison of these approximations with other models of light absorption by CDOM demonstrated that our parameterizations were superior (bias from −1.45 to 62 %, RSME from 22 to 220 %) for estimating CDOM absorption in the optically complex waters of the Baltic Sea and Pomeranian lakes.

scholarly journals Composition and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Seidel ◽  
Marcus Manecki ◽  
Daniel P. R. Herlemann ◽  
Barbara Deutsch ◽  
Detlef Schulz-Bull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Origin and fate of dissolved organic matter in four shallow Baltic Sea estuaries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Voss ◽  
Eero Asmala ◽  
Ines Bartl ◽  
Jacob Carstensen ◽  
Daniel J. Conley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Curonian Lagoon ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Coastal Systems ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Coastal waters have strong gradients in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and characteristics, originating from terrestrial inputs and autochthonous production. Enclosed seas with high freshwater input therefore experience high DOM concentrations and gradients from freshwater sources to more saline waters. The brackish Baltic Sea experiences such salinity gradients from east to west and from river mouths to the open sea. Furthermore, the catchment areas of the Baltic Sea are very diverse and vary from sparsely populated northern areas to densely populated southern zones. Coastal systems vary from enclosed or open bays, estuaries, fjords, archipelagos and lagoons where the residence time of DOM at these sites varies and may control the extent to which organic matter is biologically, chemically or physically modified or simply diluted with transport off-shore. Data of DOM with simultaneous measurements of dissolved organic (DO) nitrogen (N), carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) across a range of contrasting coastal systems are scarce. Here we present data from the Roskilde Fjord, Vistula and Öre estuaries and Curonian Lagoon; four coastal systems with large differences in salinity, nutrient concentrations, freshwater inflow and catchment characteristics. The C:N:P ratios of DOM of our data, despite high variability, show site specific significant differences resulting largely from differences residence time. Microbial processes seemed to have minor effects, and only in spring did uptake of DON in the Vistula and Öre estuaries take place and not at the other sites or seasons. Resuspension from sediments impacts bottom waters and the entire shallow water column in the Curonian Lagoon. Finally, our data combined with published data show that land use in the catchments seems to impact the DOC:DON and DOC:DOP ratios of the tributaries most.

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