EVALUATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESULTS OF UKRAINIAN ECONOMY MANAGEMENT

The paper was focused on researching the evolution and the reasons for the crisis in the economy of Ukraine for the period of independence. It was determined that the changes in the social and economic nature of the country’s development were followed by discrepancy in power and resources relations as well as in opposition between political forces and business elite. We analyzed the dynamics of changes in the main macroeconomic indicators in the development of the Ukrainian economy. The results showed that large-scale changes had different effects on the development of the national economy, which was characterized by long periods of crisis and short periods of extensive growth. Three main crises in the economical development have been characterized and the reasons for this were identified. We performed an assessment of the multiple indicators dynamics that characterise the outcomes of the economical governance. Specifically, the level of GDP per capita using purchasing power parity, the dynamics of export, import and balance of foreign trade as well as the dynamics of changes in the index of capital investment and the index of economic freedom. It has been established that the presence of effective structural changes in the economy of the country has caused the accumulation of internal and external economic imbalances. The results of the analysis of the rating assessment of the economy of Ukraine by international organizations showed consistently low positions of the country. We concluded that ineffective economic development became one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the social development of the country. Negative indicators of such development were a sharp decline in population, life expectancy, low wages and social security compared to other European countries.

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The similarity of economic development of Turkey and Yugoslavia in the interwar period: Comparative analysis of macroeconomic indicators

Ekonomski izazovi ◽

10.5937/ekoizazov2119024n ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 24-33

Author(s):

Goran Nikolić ◽

Slađana Zdravković

Keyword(s):

Interwar Period ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Purchasing Power Parity ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Living Standard ◽

Power Parity ◽

Industrial Growth ◽

Macroeconomic Indicators ◽

Per Capita

In the interwar period, Turkey and Yugoslavia, despite many differences, have approximately similar economic performance, especially during the 1930s when the average GDP per capita at purchasing power parity for the two countries was almost the same, implicitly indicating a similar living standard. Both Turkey and Yugoslavia remained predominantly agrarian economies in the observed period, both in terms of the share of employees by sectors or the GDP structure. The two countries pursued a protectionist policy during the 1930s, which, in addition to imports substitution, also meant intensifying industrialization. However, the industrial growth of the 1930s, especially strong in Turkey, did not result in significant structural changes in the two economies, which remained at the European bottom in terms of development.

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Implementation of a Circular Economy in Ukraine: The Context of European Integration

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources9080096 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Nestor Shpak ◽

Oleh Kuzmin ◽

Olga Melnyk ◽

Mariana Ruda ◽

Włodzimierz Sroka

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Purchasing Power Parity ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Current Model ◽

Capital Investments ◽

Power Parity ◽

Multifactor Model ◽

The Eu

The current model of resource management mainly contributes to mass short-term consumption, which creates an unstable and extremely critical situation on the planet. Going beyond the traditional industrial model of Take-Make-Waste, the circular economy aims to reduce waste (and therefore minimize costs) and to redefine sustainable development. This entails a gradual separation of economic activity from the consumption of scarce resources and the removal of waste from the system. In order to foreground the principles of a circular economy in Ukraine, this study analyzes its benefits based on the relevant experience of the EU. The paper also presents the results of research and content analysis on the situation of waste management in Ukraine and compares the trends using key indicators. The core of the paper is developing a conceptual model of making and coordinating management decisions on the implementation of business projects in the context of a circular economy in Ukraine. A multifactor model (the Farrar–Glauber method was further developed) has been built by identification of the main factors, i.e., the volume of generated waste from economic activity per unit of GDP at constant prices, emissions of pollutants, and capital investments for the protection of the environment. Factor coefficients indicate how many units will change the resultant trait Y, measured in thousand tonnes, if one of them changes by 1 (each in units of measure). It means that if the volume of waste generated from economic activity per unit of GDP at constant 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) prices decreases by 1 kg/$1000, waste management of I–IV classes will be reduced by 952,737 thousand tonnes. The approbated model can be used to analyze the situation with recycling in the EU countries, considering the amount of capital investment in environmental protection.

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Market Efficiency and Long Run Purchasing Power Parity Disequilibria of the Mexican Peso Under Changing Exchange Rate Regimes

International Journal of Banking and Finance - Vol. 15, Number 2, 2020 ◽

10.32890/ijbf2004.2.1.8345 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandra Cabello ◽

Edgar Iván Ortiz ◽

Robert I. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Market Efficiency ◽

Purchasing Power Parity ◽

Inflation Targeting ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Exchange Rate Regimes ◽

Purchasing Power ◽

Power Parity ◽

Macroeconomic Policies ◽

Long Run

This paper tests if the efficient market version of Purchasing Power Parity (EMPPP) holds for the Mexican case for the 1970-2002 period in an environment of changing exchange rate regimes. Two regression analyses which extend PPP to a dynamic intertemporal model, based on market efficiency, are used, and in addition two unit root tests are applied. In general, the obtained empirical evidence does not support the EMPPP. Results suggest an inefficient market resulting from weak exchange rate policies and weak adoptions of several exchange rate regimes without proper inflation targeting and the application of strong and disciplined macroeconomic policies and structural changes.

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Potential Pitfalls in Determining Multiple Structural Changes With an Application to Purchasing Power Parity

Journal of Business and Economic Statistics ◽

10.1198/073500107000000304 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 50-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Ruxandra Prodan

Keyword(s):

Purchasing Power Parity ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Purchasing Power ◽

Power Parity ◽

Multiple Structural Changes

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ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF WELFARE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENTIATION OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION

Scientific Review: Theory and Practice ◽

10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-5-923-936 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 923-936

Author(s):

A.V. Minakov ◽

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Well Being ◽

Present Stage ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Theoretical Approaches ◽

General Welfare ◽

The Social ◽

Macroeconomic Indicators

At the present stage, the problem of socio-economic differentiation of the country's population is becoming quite significant, which is even more aggravated in the context of macroeconomic instability. The crisis and tension in relations with Western countries have a negative impact on the social structure of the population through a negative impact on the country's economy, exacerbating the processes of differentiation, while sustainable development presupposes the achievement of the general welfare of citizens. The main purpose of the article is to study the level of well-being of the population and its differentiation. This goal setting dictates the need to develop not only theoretical approaches to understanding the categories of «welfare» and «socio-economic differentiation of the population», but also in practice - to understand the current situation at the present stage. The study used the comparative method (for comparing macroeconomic indicators), analytical, method of economic and statistical analysis (use of statistical data) and some others. The main result of the study is the substantiation of theoretical approaches to changes in the level of well-being of the population, taking place against the background of large-scale processes of globalization and the existing instability of economic relations both within the country and between states, which leads to imbalances in society and aggravated differentiation of the population by income, which can cause social tension in Russia. The socio-economic development of the country is, first of all, a factor influencing the standard of living of Russians. Through negative crisis moments, the stratification of society occurs, which leads to a decrease in the quality of life. An analysis of the level of well-being of the population is necessary in parallel with the study of indicators reflecting this level, in order to be able to track the depth of the process of differentiation of the population in relation to income.

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Speed of Reversion to PPP with Structural Breaks for Brazilian Cities

International Journal of Economics and Finance ◽

10.5539/ijef.v10n4p15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Felipe S. Bastos ◽

Elano F. Arruda ◽

Rafael B. Barbosa ◽

Roberto T. Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Purchasing Power Parity ◽

Half Life ◽

Structural Breaks ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Structural Break ◽

Convergence Speed ◽

Purchasing Power ◽

Power Parity ◽

Relative Prices

This article analyzes the effect of introducing structural breaks in calculating the convergence speed of relative prices for Brazilian cities in the period from 1991.01 to 2016.11. Three structural break dates were endogenously chosen (1996.02, 2001.12 and 2010.10) and they represent different situations of the Brazilian economy, with impacts on intra-national relative prices. The convergence speed, measured by the half-life, declined by approximately 77% after controlling for these structural changes. The result was robust to changes in numeraire both for calculation of the half-life and estimation of the structural break dates, and indicates the importance of considering structural breaks in calculating intra-national purchasing power parity, as found in other studies.

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Structural changes and deviations from the Purchasing Power Parity within the euro area

Applied Financial Economics ◽

10.1080/09603100500389432 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (1-2) ◽

pp. 185-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Daniele Antonucci ◽

Alessandro Girardi

Keyword(s):

Euro Area ◽

Purchasing Power Parity ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Purchasing Power ◽

Power Parity

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Currency Management Under A Hybrid System: Case Of The Yuan

Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) ◽

10.19030/jber.v5i7.2560 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Merouane Lakehal-Ayat

Keyword(s):

Asset Management ◽

Purchasing Power Parity ◽

Banking System ◽

Chinese Economy ◽

Management Approach ◽

Font Size ◽

Power Parity ◽

Best Interest ◽

Long Run ◽

Economic Imbalances

The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the Renminbi (the Chinese currency), suggesting whether or not the currency should be allowed to float.  The paper makes the use of four popular approaches to determine whether or not the currency is currently undervalued, and if so, what mechanisms should be used to allow for its proper valuation.  According to the purchasing power parity (PPP), balance of payments approach, and the asset management approach, the Chinese currency is undervalued and will therefore appreciate in the future.  For the long run, the floating of the currency is advisable; however, in the short run, it will not be in the best interest of the Chinese economy given the nature of its banking system.  Adopting a pure float could possibly cause major macro and micro economic imbalances that would be difficult to tackle.  Instead, suggesting the pegging of the Renminbi against a basket of currencies to ensure system wide flexibility and stability is the best course of action.

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The Social Effects Of The Economic Transformation In India (An Attempt At Measurement and Evaluation)

Comparative Economic Research ◽

10.1515/cer-2017-0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 119-132

Author(s):

Grzegorz Bywalec

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Purchasing Power Parity ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Economic Transformation ◽

Social Effects ◽

Development Economic ◽

Power Parity ◽

The Social

One of significant and, at the same time, challenging research problems in Economics is measuring the social effect of economic growth (development). Economic growth should never be treated a goal per se. It is rational provided that it brings effects such as, generally speaking, an improvement in the standard of living. However, this is not always the case. Social sciences, including Economics, have not developed any uniform methods of measuring and evaluating such effects yet. This paper constitutes an attempt to measure and evaluate the social effects of the reforms of the Indian economy and state launched in 1991. The analysis covers a period of over twenty years. As a result of the aforementioned reforms, at the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, India ranked third in the world in terms of GDP (based on purchasing power parity), after the USA and China. So what are the social effects of such a dynamic economic growth? For the purposes of this paper, in order to quantify and evaluate the social effects of the economic growth in India and its dynamics in the analysed time period, the author experimentally adopts a popular socio-demographic index, i.e. the average further life expectancy (e0). This constitutes the so-called natural aggregate (a micro index) applied in social development analyses. It is quite commonly used by Indian economists and statisticians, albeit it is rarely applied in European Economics. The empirical analysis of the trends in the said index proves that the rapid economic growth in India after the year 1991 has brought about substantial increases in the life expectancy of the inhabitants of the country and a diminishing of disparities in this regard on a national scale (in different cross-sections: urban-rural, females-males, as well as in the regional perspective). In the mid-2010s India is almost on a par with the countries with a medium development rate in terms of the life expectancy of its inhabitants and in some states (e.g. Kerala). the value of this index is comparable to that in the highly developed countries.

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On The Purchasing Power Parity in Turkey: The Role of Structural Changes

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2017 ◽

10.36880/c09.02008 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Şaban Nazlıoğlu ◽

Çağın Karul ◽

Ahmet Koncak ◽

İlhan Küçükkaplan

Keyword(s):

Purchasing Power Parity ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Exchange Rate Policy ◽

Purchasing Power ◽

The European Union ◽

Power Parity ◽

Oriented Growth ◽

Long Run ◽

Equilibrium Exchange ◽

Trading Partners

Turkey as an emerging country and one of the fastest growing economies during the last decade has been implementing the trade-oriented growth model since 1980. The exchange rate policy in that respect is at the center of trade and monetary policies. Given the importance of constructing fundamental equilibrium exchange rates, the long-run PPP hypothesis has been empirically investigated during the last decade. We re-examine the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis for Turkey with her ten major trading partners and find out that when the structural shifts are taken into account, there is a strong evidence in favor of the validity of PPP hypothesis. An interesting finding also is that the PPP hypothesis seems to hold for the European Union countries.

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