scholarly journals The similarity of economic development of Turkey and Yugoslavia in the interwar period: Comparative analysis of macroeconomic indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Goran Nikolić ◽  
Slađana Zdravković
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita

In the interwar period, Turkey and Yugoslavia, despite many differences, have approximately similar economic performance, especially during the 1930s when the average GDP per capita at purchasing power parity for the two countries was almost the same, implicitly indicating a similar living standard. Both Turkey and Yugoslavia remained predominantly agrarian economies in the observed period, both in terms of the share of employees by sectors or the GDP structure. The two countries pursued a protectionist policy during the 1930s, which, in addition to imports substitution, also meant intensifying industrialization. However, the industrial growth of the 1930s, especially strong in Turkey, did not result in significant structural changes in the two economies, which remained at the European bottom in terms of development.

THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE YUGOSLAV AND TURKISH ECONOMIES’ GROWTH IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD (1918-1941)

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-219
Author(s):  
GORAN NIKOLIĆ ◽  
SLADJANA ZDRAVKOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Extractive Economies ◽  
Level Of Living

In the interwar period, Turkey and Yugoslavia, despite all their differences, have approximately similar economic performance. Namely, during the 1930s, the two countries recorded very similar levels of the most important indicator of the state of an economy, which implicitly indicates the level of living standards, GDP per capita (at purchasing power parity). Yugoslavia, like Turkey, was a predominantly agrarian country with underdeveloped industry, where the main aggravating factors for more intensive economic development was, in addition to the lack of capital, the insufficiency of skilled labor, and rapid population growth. Despite the significant progress made in industry and mining, both countries have retained the characteristics of industrially underdeveloped or agrarian-extractive economies, with only about 11% of employees in industry and crafts activities. Despite the above-average GDP growth per capita of Turkey of 1.8% in the period 1913-1939, and the average one for Yugoslavia (1.1%), at the end of the observed period they remained at a very low relative level looking at GDP per capita, and consequently among the most underdeveloped countries in Europe.

The effects of the economic crisis on income convergence in the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Stanišić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Income Convergence ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Trade Theory ◽  
Per Capita

This paper evaluates income convergence in the European Union, between “old” (EU15) and “new” member states from Central and East Europe (CEE10), and among the countries within these two groups. The GDP per capita convergence should be expected according to the exogenous economic growth model and neoclassical trade theory. The presence of σ-convergence and both absolute and conditional β-convergence is tested for on a sample of 25 European Union countries (EU25). Results confirm the existence of β-convergence of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity among EU25, but not among EU15 and CEE10 countries. σ-convergence has been confirmed among EU25 and CEE10 countries, while GDP per capita has been diverging in the EU15 group of countries. Moreover, the results reveal that recent economic crisis has reversed long-term tendencies and led to income convergence within EU15 and divergence within CEE10. During the crisis, the income differences among the EU25 countries have increased, but the scope and duration of this effect has been limited and has not affected the long term convergence path. However, the obtained long term speed of convergence is significantly lower compared with the previous researches.

EVALUATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESULTS OF UKRAINIAN ECONOMY MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (5 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Nila Tiurina ◽  
Nataliia Karvatska ◽  
Tatiana Nazarchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Economic Imbalances

The paper was focused on researching the evolution and the reasons for the crisis in the economy of Ukraine for the period of independence. It was determined that the changes in the social and economic nature of the country’s development were followed by discrepancy in power and resources relations as well as in opposition between political forces and business elite. We analyzed the dynamics of changes in the main macroeconomic indicators in the development of the Ukrainian economy. The results showed that large-scale changes had different effects on the development of the national economy, which was characterized by long periods of crisis and short periods of extensive growth. Three main crises in the economical development have been characterized and the reasons for this were identified. We performed an assessment of the multiple indicators dynamics that characterise the outcomes of the economical governance. Specifically, the level of GDP per capita using purchasing power parity, the dynamics of export, import and balance of foreign trade as well as the dynamics of changes in the index of capital investment and the index of economic freedom. It has been established that the presence of effective structural changes in the economy of the country has caused the accumulation of internal and external economic imbalances. The results of the analysis of the rating assessment of the economy of Ukraine by international organizations showed consistently low positions of the country. We concluded that ineffective economic development became one of the main reasons for the deterioration of the social development of the country. Negative indicators of such development were a sharp decline in population, life expectancy, low wages and social security compared to other European countries.

LATVIAN THEME PARK DEVELOPMENT IN KURZEME AND VIDZEME

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiba Rivza ◽  
Uldis Plumite
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Theme Parks ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
National Economic Policy ◽  
The Eu

The economy of Latvia is experiencing rapid development in the European Union and is an active participant of the United Nations and North Atlantic Treaty Organization. In recent years there have been several changes in both sectors and national economic policy. The total population in Latvia was estimated at 1.9 million inhabitants in 2019 and a total GDP per capita was 63% of the EU average, the lowest GDP per capita in purchasing power parity was recorded in Bulgaria - 46% of the EU average, Romania - 60% and Croatia - 62%. Lithuanian and Estonian GDP per capita in 2019 was accounted for 74% of the EU average. Latvia has more than 12 theme parks, but the amusement offer is small. Most of the theme parks are mostly located in Kurzeme and Vidzeme. Attraction Parks historically evolved near the big cities, where the infrastructure is highly developed. The aim is to increase the influx of tourists in regions where tourism products are amusement parks, thus developing more local businesses and the city's environment, increasing the demand for an active economic environment, but regional laws often hinder this development.

scholarly journals Breast cancer and socio-economic factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anees B. Chagpar ◽  
Mario Coccia
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose: The aim of this study is twofold – on the one hand, to analyze the relationship between incidence of breast cancer, income per capita and medical equipment across countries; after that, the study here discusses the drivers of the incidence of breast cancer across countries in order to pinpoint differences and similarities. Methods: The indicators used are incidence of breast cancer based on Age-standardized rate (ASW); Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita by purchasing power parity (current international $); computed tomography (CT) for cancer diagnosis. Data include 52 countries. The statistical analysis is carried out by correlation, ANOVA and an econometric modeling based on a multiple regression model of the breast cancer incidence on two explanatory variables. Results: Partial correlation is higher: rbreast cancer, GDP  CT=60.3% (sign.0.00). The estimated relationship shows an expected incidence of breast cancer increase of approximately 0.05% for a GDP increase of 1% and an expected incidence of breast cancer increase of approximately 3.23% for a CT increase of 1%. ANOVA confirms that incidence of breast cancer is higher across richer countries, ceteris paribus. Conclusions: Empirical evidence shows that the breast cancer tends to be higher across richer countries, measured by GDP per capita and number of Computed Tomography. The main determinants of these findings can be due to several socio-economic factors, mainly localized in richer countries. In addition, this research may provide an alternative interpretation to the theory of Oh et al. (2010) on the influence of latitude on breast cancer, focusing on socio-economic factors rather than biologic root causes.

Evaluation of socio-economic development of voivodships using HDI

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Hozer-Koćmiel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Simultaneous Growth

The aim of this article is to examine the level of socio-economic development of voivodships using HDI (Human Development Index), which considers life expectancy at birth, number of years of schooling and GDP per capita in purchasing power parity. The hypothesis about the increase in the level of voivodships development with simultaneous growth of differences between them was formulated. Statistics Poland’s data for the years 1995, 2010, 2013 and 2015 were used in the research. The research showed that HDI was growing systematically for all voivodships in the years 1995-2015 and confirmed the deepening diversification of voivodships in terms of socio-economic development. The most developed were such voivodships as: Mazowieckie, Małopolskie, Wielkopolskie and Dolnośląskie, whereas, the least developed ones were: Lubuskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Podkarpackie and Świętokrzyskie.

scholarly journals Culture and social change: macroanalysis relationship

2017 ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
A. E. Khrenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Research Culture ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Per Capita

The author shows the main stages of the research culture infl uence social change. In the spotlight – cultural conditions for successful economic development. The infl uence of the main indicators of culture on economic development indicators (GDP per capita in purchasing power parity and the rate of economic growth).

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF POOR POPULATION IN CENTRAL JAVA 2008-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ana Rahmawati Wibowo ◽  
Rifki Khoirudin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Per Capita

One of the indicators socio-economic the success of development is a decrease in the number of poor people. Central Java is the province with the second largest number of poor people after East Java Province. This study aims to determine the effect of population growth rate, GDP per capita life expectancy (AHH), mean years of schooling (RLS) and purchasing power parity simultaneously and partially on the number of poor people in Central Java from 2008-2017. This study uses secondary data by using program Stata 14, the analysis technique used is multiple linear regression panel data. The results of the study showed that the population growth rate, GDP per capita, life expectancy (AHH), mean years of schooling (RLS) and purchasing power parity simultaneously have a significant effect on the number of poor people. Partially, population growth rate, life expectancy, and means years of schooling have a negative and significant influence on the number of poor people. While the GDP per capita and purchasing power parity do not have a significant effect on the number of poor people in Central Java. Various government policies and programs should continue to be rolled out to isolated areas so that increased income can be balanced with equitable development.

scholarly journals Wage Level as One of the Most Important Indicators of the Quantitative Aspect of the Standard of Living of the Population and Selected Indicators of Economic Maturity in OECD Member Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Diana Bílková
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Per Capita

The present paper focuses on the comparison of wage levels across OECD countries, the research data coming from an official OECD website. The following eight variables are employed in this study – the average wage, minimum wage, GDP per capita, tertiary education attainment, employment ratio, trade unions, labour productivity and inflation rate. The average wage represents the main explained variable in regression and correlation analysis, the remaining seven variables being used as potential explanatory ones. In order to compare living standards in different countries, average and minimum wages as well as per capita GDP data were adjusted to relative purchasing power parity. The principal objective was to identify which explanatory variables statistically significantly affect the average wage. The analysis showed that only three of them – namely the employment ratio, GDP per capita and labour productivity – have a significant effect at a 5% statistical level. The regression hyperplane with a forward stepwise selection was applied. Nine clusters of OECD countries were created based on both all the eight variables and four of them selected in regression analysis (the average wage and three explanatory ones) with the aim to identify the countries that coexist in the same cluster. Ward's method and Euclidean distance are utilized in cluster analysis, the number of clusters being determined with the use of the Dunn index. The study also aims at the prediction of the average wage by 2022, which was made via exponential smoothing of time series. (The greatest purchasing power is reported by Luxembourg, Switzerland, Iceland, the U.S., the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Austria, the highest average wage growth rate by 2022 being expected in the Baltic and some other post-communist countries.)

scholarly journals Using fuzzy logic for evaluating the level of countries’ (regions’) economic development

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordan Stojic
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita

There are several divisions of countries and regions in the world. Besides geo-political divisions, there also are economic divisions. The most common economic division is the that on developed countries and the poor ones. These divisions are a consequence of the level of: GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment rate, industrial growth, and so on. The question is how to define a mathematical model based on which the following will be assessed: who is rich and who is poor, or who is economically developed and who is not? How the boundaries of transition from one category to another can be defined? This paper presents a model for evaluating the level of economic development of countries and regions using "fuzzy" logic. The model was tested on a sample of 19 EU member countries and aspirants for membership.

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