QUANTITATIVE AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OIKONYMICON OF THE NORTHERN KHMELNYTSKYI REGION

Current issues of linguistics and translation studies ◽

10.31891/2415-7929-2019-19-17 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 86-88

Author(s):

I. Ordynska ◽

Keyword(s):

Structural Feature ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Proper Names ◽

Characteristic Structural Feature

In the Northern Khmelnytskyi region, we recorded 1,258 names of settlements, including 872 main oikonyms and 386 their variants. Among the nominations of the settlements we single out both the actual oikonyms – names of cities, towns, villages and microoikonyms – names of settlements, manors, farms and other similar small denotations. In the oikonym system, we distinguish between modern nominations and former ones, the number of which, as we can see, is almost the same, due to which the coefficient of dynamics of oikonymicon is 2,003, which means that on average settlement has two proper names. This is one of the highest rate due to the long (sometimes up to a thousand years) period of denotation and the presence of many extralingual factors that influenced the nomination of settlements. Traditionally, in modern onomastics, researchers divide onyms, according to their structure, into simple (monobasic), complex (two- and multi-basic) and compound (phrases and sentences) constructions. The largest number of analyzed oikonyms are simple names, represented by nouns. Thus, the proper names of settlements and their parts are quantitatively the largest groups of names of geographical objects of the Northern Khmelnytsky region. Quantitative differences can be traced territorially, as in Izyaslav district we recorded 1,459 (34.22%) such nominations, Polonskyi – 631 (14.8%), Slavutskyi – 998 (23.4%), and Shepetivskyi – 1176 (27, 58%); a total of 4,264 onyms. The coefficient of dynamics of such names is the highest among the proper names of cities, towns and villages, and the lowest – among the nominations of corners and neighborhoods. A characteristic structural feature of proper names of settlements and their parts is the dominance of simple forms over compound and especially complex ones.

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Synthesis of Xenia diterpenoids and related metabolites isolated from marine organisms

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry ◽

10.3762/bjoc.11.273 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 2521-2539 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tatjana Huber ◽

Lara Weisheit ◽

Thomas Magauer

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Chemical Synthesis ◽

Structural Feature ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Marine Organisms ◽

Characteristic Structural Feature ◽

The Individual

This review describes strategies for the chemical synthesis of xenicane diterpenoids and structurally related metabolites. Selected members from the four different subclasses of the Xenia diterpenoid family, the xenicins, xeniolides, xeniaphyllanes and xeniaethers, are presented. The synthetic strategies are discussed with an emphasis on the individual key reactions for the construction of the uncommon nine-membered carbocycle which is the characteristic structural feature of these natural products. Additionally, the putative biosynthetic pathway of xenicanes is illustrated.

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Pyrrole carboxamide introduction in the total synthesis of pyrrole–imidazole alkaloids

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0ob02052d ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 2603-2621

Author(s):

Apsara K. Herath ◽

Carl J. Lovely

Keyword(s):

Total Synthesis ◽

Structural Feature ◽

Characteristic Structural Feature ◽

Oroidin Alkaloids

The pyrrole carboxamide is a characteristic structural feature found in the pyrrole–imidazole (oroidin) alkaloids, the various traditional and non-tradition methods for its introduction are reviewed herein.

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Bismuth⋅⋅⋅π arene interaction in [Bi{OC6H4(CH2C6H5)-2}3]2

Main Group Metal Chemistry ◽

10.1515/mgmc-2019-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 46-50

Author(s):

Felix Roschke ◽

Günther Thiele ◽

Stefanie Dehnen ◽

Michael Mehring

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Ir Spectroscopy ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Structural Feature ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Dimeric Unit ◽

Characteristic Structural Feature

Abstract We report on the synthesis of a new bismuth aryloxide molecule Bi[OC6H4(CH2C6H5)-2]3 (1), which was characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. A characteristic structural feature is the dimeric unit with a central Bi2O2 core resulting from μ-binding phenolates. In addition, both bismuth atoms show a Bi⋅⋅⋅π arene interaction with a quite short Bi⋅⋅⋅πcentroid distance of 3.11 Å in the solid state.

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A High Resolution Study of G.P. Zones in Aluminum - 4.2 at % Silver

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100055904 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 722-723 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Gronsky

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

High Resolution ◽

Computer Simulations ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Resolution Study

The phenomenon of clustering in Al-Ag alloys has been extensively studied since the early work of Guinierl, wherein the pre-precipitation state was characterized as an assembly of spherical, ordered, silver-rich G.P. zones. Subsequent x-ray and TEM investigations yielded results in general agreement with this model. However, serious discrepancies were later revealed by the detailed x-ray diffraction - based computer simulations of Gragg and Cohen, i.e., the silver-rich clusters were instead octahedral in shape and fully disordered, atleast below 170°C. The object of the present investigation is to examine directly the structural characteristics of G.P. zones in Al-Ag by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

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SEM analysis of the change in the reaction rates with deposit structures in the copper-iron cementation system

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100109422 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 456-457

Author(s):

V. Annamalai ◽

L.E. Murr

Keyword(s):

Structural Characteristics ◽

Secondary Electron Emission ◽

Copper Deposit ◽

Reaction Rates ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Major Drawback ◽

Emission Mode ◽

Scrap Iron ◽

Image Position

Economical recovery of copper metal from leach liquors has been carried out by the simple process of cementing copper onto a suitable substrate metal, such as scrap-iron, since the 16th century. The process has, however, a major drawback of consuming more iron than stoichiometrically needed by the reaction.Therefore, many research groups started looking into the process more closely. Though it is accepted that the structural characteristics of the resultant copper deposit cause changes in reaction rates for various experimental conditions, not many systems have been systematically investigated. This paper examines the deposit structures and the kinetic data, and explains the correlations between them.A simple cementation cell along with rotating discs of pure iron (99.9%) were employed in this study to obtain the kinetic results The resultant copper deposits were studied in a Hitachi Perkin-Elmer HHS-2R scanning electron microscope operated at 25kV in the secondary electron emission mode.

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Use of 2½ D imaging in analysis of NiTi martensite

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100110192 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 610-611

Author(s):

G. M. Michal

Keyword(s):

Memory Effect ◽

Monoclinic Phase ◽

Reaction Path ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Salient Feature ◽

Martensite Phase ◽

Orientation Relationships ◽

Low Symmetry ◽

Hydride Phases ◽

Unusual Shape

Several TEM investigations have attempted to correlate the structural characteristics to the unusual shape memory effect in NiTi, the consensus being the essence of the memory effect is ostensible manifest in the structure of NiTi transforming martensitic- ally from a B2 ordered lattice to a low temperature monoclinic phase. Commensurate with the low symmetry of the martensite phase, many variants may form from the B2 lattice explaining the very complex transformed microstructure. The microstructure may also be complicated by the enhanced formation of oxide or hydride phases and precipitation of intermetallic compounds by electron beam exposure. Variants are typically found in selfaccommodation groups with members of a group internally twinned and the twins themselves are often observed to be internally twinned. Often the most salient feature of a group of variants is their close clustering around a given orientation. Analysis of such orientation relationships may be a key to determining the nature of the reaction path that gives the transformation its apparently perfect reversibility.

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Use of light microscopy in the qualitative and quantitative study of liquid crystalline order

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100121727 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 264-265

Author(s):

Christopher Viney

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Molecular Order ◽

Liquid Crystalline Phases ◽

Convenient Technique ◽

Liquid Crystalline Materials ◽

Transparent Windows

Light microscopy is a convenient technique for characterizing molecular order in fluid liquid crystalline materials. Microstructures can usually be observed under the actual conditions that promote the formation of liquid crystalline phases, whether or not a solvent is required, and at temperatures that can range from the boiling point of nitrogen to 600°C. It is relatively easy to produce specimens that are sufficiently thin and flat, simply by confining a droplet between glass cover slides. Specimens do not need to be conducting, and they do not have to be maintained in a vacuum. Drybox or other controlled environmental conditions can be maintained in a sealed chamber equipped with transparent windows; some heating/ freezing stages can be used for this purpose. It is relatively easy to construct a modified stage so that the generation and relaxation of global molecular order can be observed while specimens are being sheared, simulating flow conditions that exist during processing. Also, light only rarely affects the chemical composition or molecular weight distribution of the sample. Because little or no processing is required after collecting the sample, one can be confident that biologically derived materials will reveal many of their in vivo structural characteristics, even though microscopy is performed in vitro.

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