scholarly journals Theft and Banditry in Iraq during the reign of the Ottomans from the lens of the Travelers

Twejer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1157-1192
Author(s):  
Neamat Ali Mahmood ◽  

Travelers’ books are considered one of the most reliable historical sources for recognizing and the descriptions of those cities they passed through. And also, they are significant references for determining theft and banditry in the last decade of new history. This research is a modest attempt to track impressions of foreign travelers who traveled to Iraqi cities in modern era whether from road routes or river. Registering theft and banditry misbehaviour in the ruling time of Ottoman Empire while they visited Iraqi cities. It is worth mentioning, most of the travelers took notes about their commercial caravans who exposed to robbery and looting and even killing by thieves and bandits, whether the caravans were big, medium or small in size. Furthermore, they noted the associated factors to the phenomenon in regard to the privacy and distinguished one place to another. Key words: travelers, theft, bandits, Arab Bedouins, Kurds, Iraq, the Ottomans.

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
O. Begey ◽  
O. Anisimovych-Shevchuk

Historical information systematize about monasteries which existed on territory of Starosambir of district, as well-known – Lavriv, Dobromil, Spas, so those, about existence of which there are only short mentions in historical sources. Analyzes the ways of the historical and cultural monuments monks to use in tourism. Key words: history, monks, monasteries of the Starosambor district, religious tourism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdullaev ◽  

The article says that Ubaidi spent most of his youth in Bukhara and that he was the only child of his father, according to historical sources. Ubaydi was educated by the leading scientists of his time. Fluent in Arabic and Persian, he studied with prominent scholars of his time such as Amir Abdullah Yemeni and Khoja Muhammad Sadr. His strong love and interest in the Qur'an, in particular, was evident from a young age and, as he put it, he remembered it. Key words: Ubaidi, classical literature, proverbs, gazelles


1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (04) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C. Martins ◽  
L.M.R. Cepeda ◽  
A. Mesquita

AbstractHOMEOINDEX is a bibliographic database in which everything published in the field of homoeopathy is progressively filed. The methods adopted are those used by major international medical databases (MEDLINE, LILACS), allowing data exchange.HOMEOINDEX radically changes the situation for dissemination, study, preservation and research of homoeopathic works. It takes homoeopathy out of an archaic phase when work was inaccessible and fragmented and into the modern era.The development of this work included some unique achievements:—Introduction of homoeopathy as recognized literature in international institutions—Adoption of homoeopathic terms (key-words) in official latin-American medical catalogues—Creation of a Latin American reference centre, for cataloguing and disseminating homoeopathic literature—The introduction of homoeopathic papers to international medical databases.


2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Eric Perramond

An historical political ecology of Zuni Pueblo illustrates several processes that led to native agricultural decline in the region. Modern indigenous agriculture, and its associated techniques or practices, is marginalized within the literature. The reasons for the decline of traditional agricultural management at Zuni, as for much of the Southwestern United States, are complex. U.S. federal policies aimed at breaking indigenous theocractic rule, reforming land tenure, and modernizing reservation agriculture all contributed to this process at Zuni Pueblo. Underlying the material changes were also several conceptual or ideological processes that served the same purpose, and one that can be termed agricultural hegemony. The replacement of the Zuni kachinas, icons of discipline within traditional ceremonial roles, with those of modern agricultural sciences and practices were fundamental to the eventual outcome. Key words: Zuni Pueblo, agriculture, landscape, native policy, hegemony, historical political ecology.


Author(s):  
Jyoti Prakash ◽  
Karan Bir Singh

Since the evolution of mankind, the need for food and drink has been a major concern for humans. It has been reported from the ancient records that human had to cultivate and the store food for consumption but as time passed humans started to travel from one place to another in search of food and drink which further in the modern era gave rise to the tourism sector where people travel for one place to another to explore new culture and experience the local cuisine which depicts about the place and its community living around the region. Due to this, there was a tremendous increase in the percentage of tourists every year in different continents where they only travel for leisure and availing the local cuisine that included both food and the local beverage of the location. Therefore, the essence of food is also a vital part of the lifestyle for every individual and tourists who travel to the destination and try to experience the local cuisine. If you see the world, most of the tourists are eagerly mad at traveling to India, wherein every 100 meters you will get a varied cuisine influence which fascinates the international tourists towards the country's culinary inheritance. Therefore, the role of promotion and marketing of the regional cuisine of a country as it showcases the cultural identity of the nation's heritage. Henceforth, the paper explores the framework of the tasting tourism as to create a new phase of tourism after the Covid-19 in order to increase the tourism sector by introducing a new segment where the cuisine will showcase the opportunity for providing an extensive knowledge for the regional cuisine and beverages available, where they can experience during their travel to the region. But due to the pandemic situation, it has been seen that the Indian tourism sector had a drastic change as the inflow of foreign tourists decreased, and also the food business sector is facing downfall due to the rapid spread of the virus.  Key words: Gastronomy; Tasting Tourism; Indian cuisine; Marketing; Promotion; Tourists.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grets Lewis Theodore Walilo

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami struktur dan fungsi dari bahasa Hubula di lembah Balim Papua dengan perkembangannya dalam era modern. Bahasa ini memiliki pola kalimat yang mudah untuk diidentifikasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan sosiolinguistik yang berfokus pada pemakaian bahasa dalam masyarakat untuk menjalankan fungsi-fungsi yang terkandung. Hasilnya ditemukan bahwa bahasa Hubula masih diminati di Lembah Balim bahkan dalam era modern. Dengan menguasai beberapa kata-kata dasar, struktur dari pada kalimat Bahasa Hubula dapat diidentifikasi dengan mudah. Sebagai jembatan untuk berinteraksi, bahasa ini memiliki beberapa fungsi seperti fungsi personal, fungsi informatif, fungsi interaksional, dan fungsi regulatoris. Kata kunci: bahasa Hubula, struktur bahasa, fungsi bahasa, era modern   The purpose of this study is to understand the structure and function of Hubula tribe language from Balim Valley Papua with its development in the modern era. Whereas, the language has an easy sentence pattern to be identified. This research was conducted with a sociolinguistic approach that focused on the usage of language in the society to perform its function. The result showed that Hubula tribe language is still favorable in Balim Valley even at the modern era. By knowing some basic vocabularies, the sentence’s structure of Hubula tribe language can be identified easily. As the bridge for interaction, this language has several functions such as; personal function, informative function, interaction function and regulatory function. Key words: Hubula tribe language, language’s structure, language’s function, modern era    


Author(s):  
Oleh Tsebenko

The geography of the modern settlements of Galicia and Podillia, which in the fourteenth-seventeenth centuries was owned by Ukrainian gentry of Gerburts ancestry, was considered. A historical analysis of expansion of ancestry was made during this period. First mention of possession of Gerburts ancestry in Galicia came from 1374, when the prince Vladislav Opolski had given to Gerburts first nine villages on the watershed between the Dniester and San River in Przemysl land. During the next three centuries possession of ancestry significantly increased not only in Galicia, but also on the Podillia. A large number of written sources on founding of towns in Galicia and Podillya was analysed. Attention was focused on those historical materials, which contained the first written mention about the settlements of Galicia and Podillia and closely connected with the activity of the Gerburts ancestry. Key words: Gerburts ancestry, settlements, Galicia, Podillia.


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