ANTI RADIATION BUILDING DESIGN: LOCAL SAND TYPE ANALYSIS TO GET CONCRETE X-RADIATION RESISTANT X-RAY

Abstract This paper describes the use of an x-ray diffraction technique to correlate rubber radiation damage with rubber composition. Correlations between radiation damage and composition are useful as guides for the development of superior radiation resistant elastomers to be used as components of mechanical devices installed in high nuclear radiation fields. Rubber which is stretched and irradiated in an inert atmosphere is readily damaged by chain cleavage, manifested by loss of crystallinity, possible thinning, decreased x-ray diffraction intensities and eventual rupture (Figure 1). Loss of diffraction spot intensity was used to measure radiation damage in stretched rubber, and was tantamount to loss of crystallinity with little specimen thinning until just before rupture. Crystalline longevity was determined fur an irradiated “standard” rubber under standardized conditions and for other rubbers which were similar to the standard except for an added or substituted ingredient. A greater crystalline longevity connoted a greater radiation resistance, and the standard was used as 3 basis for comparing radiation resistance and composition.

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Radiation damage studies in cardiac muscle cells and tissue using microfocused X-ray beams: experiment and simulation

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ◽

10.1107/s1600577519006817 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 980-990 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jan-David Nicolas ◽

Sebastian Aeffner ◽

Tim Salditt

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Muscle ◽

Radiation Damage ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Soft Materials ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Cardiac Muscle Cells ◽

X Ray ◽

Experimental Parameters ◽

Radiation Resistant ◽

The Impact

Soft materials are easily affected by radiation damage from intense, focused synchrotron beams, often limiting the use of scanning diffraction experiments to radiation-resistant samples. To minimize radiation damage in experiments on soft tissue and thus to improve data quality, radiation damage needs to be studied as a function of the experimental parameters. Here, the impact of radiation damage in scanning X-ray diffraction experiments on hydrated cardiac muscle cells and tissue is investigated. It is shown how the small-angle diffraction signal is affected by radiation damage upon variation of scan parameters and dose. The experimental study was complemented by simulations of dose distributions for microfocused X-ray beams in soft muscle tissue. As a simulation tool, the Monte Carlo software package EGSnrc was used that is widely used in radiation dosimetry research. Simulations also give additional guidance for a more careful planning of dose distribution in tissue.

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INTRACELLULAR GROWTH OF BACTERIOPHAGE STUDIED BY ROENTGEN IRRADIATION

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.31.6.529 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 529-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Raymond Latarjet

Keyword(s):

Host Cell ◽

Virus Particle ◽

X Ray ◽

Extracellular Virus ◽

Active Particles ◽

Radiation Resistant ◽

Absorbing Material ◽

Internal Change ◽

Phage Growth ◽

Unknown Component

Growing Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T2 was x-rayed during the 21 minute latent period which elapses between infection and lysis of the cells. Survival curves of the infected bacteria were determined almost from minute to minute; they disclosed the following facts which are related to the process of phage growth: During the first 7 minutes, the infective virus particle remains in the cell unique and genetically intact. The host cell synthesizes some ultraviolet-absorbing material probably devoted to building future particles. From the 7th to 9th minute the x-ray resistance of the virus particle increases, probably because of some internal change. Then, multiplication starts and is completed at about the 13th minute, when an average of 130 virulent units is present per cell, displaying an x-ray resistance twice as high as that of the extracellular virus particle. From 13 minutes to the end, the new units progressively recover the x-ray sensitivity of the extracellular virus. Nothing can be said about either the rate of multiplication between 9 and 13 minutes, or the nature of the multiplying units, except that they are more radiation-resistant (probably smaller) than the extracellular virus. The first steps of the growth process are favored by an unknown component of the lysate, different from the active particles. Several particles can grow in the same host cell.

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Physical-Mechanical Properties of γ-Irradiated SiC Ceramics for Radioactive Wastes Immobilization

East European Journal of Physics ◽

10.26565/2312-4334-2018-4-05 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Silicon Carbide ◽

Radioactive Wastes ◽

Γ Irradiation ◽

Pressing Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Sic Ceramics ◽

Radiation Resistant ◽

Silicon Carbide Ceramics ◽

Irradiation Process

The interest in silicon carbide (SiC-based) ceramics and composites as matrix material for nuclear waste immobilization is grown up. Long-term chemical durability and radiation resistance of SiC are important factors for radionuclides immobilization. Advantages of SiC-based ceramics as structural materials in nuclear applications are the high-temperature properties, high density and reduced neutron activation. The use of radiation resistant materials is a strong requirement for safe and environmentally beneficial energy system. The SiC ceramics stability under irradiation for temperatures up to 1273 K is also very important for nuclear power applications. The SiC matrices doped by additives of Cr, Si were fabricated using High Speed Hot Pressing Method. Additives content was in the range from 0.5 to 3 wt %. Microstructural characteristics of silicon carbide ceramics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and infra-red spectroscopy (IR) methods. The results of microcracking under indentation conditions were revealed the lack of cracks in the SiC ceramics with Cr additives before and after irradiation process. In addition, it was demonstrated that samples of SiC with alloying additives Cr and Si possess high mechanical parameters under γ-irradiation process. The strength of ceramics increases with the uniform and fine-grained structure formation. The modification of phase composition and mechanical properties of the SiC ceramics with Cr and Si additives under γ-irradiation were analyzed for further development of radiation resistant and matrix materials for radioactive wastes immobilization.

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Radiation tolerance of nanostructured TiZrSiN coatings

Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus ◽

10.29235/1561-8323-2020-64-5-534-543 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 534-543

Author(s):

F. F. Komarov ◽

S. V. Konstantinov ◽

V. A. Zaikov ◽

V. V. Pilko

Keyword(s):

Open Space ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Structural Phase ◽

Nitrogen Deficiency ◽

Hydrogen Ions ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Structural Phase State ◽

X Ray ◽

The Earth ◽

Radiation Resistant

Nanostructured TiZrSiN coatings were formed on various types of substrates in regimes with a lack and stoichiometric nitrogen concentration using reactive magnetron sputtering. Using the methods of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, the structural-phase state of the initial coatings, their thickness, and morphology were investigated. Nanoindentation tests according to the methods of Oliver and Farr, as well as tribomechanical tests were performed to determine hardness, Young's modulus and friction coefficient of the TiZrSiN coatings. The TiZrSiN coatings were irradiated with hydrogen ions H+ with an energy of 500 keV in the fluence range from 1 • 1016 to 1 • 1017 ions/cm2 on the AN 2500 accelerator complex. It was found that TiZrSiN nanostructured coatings deposited in nitrogen deficiency and stoichiometry regimes are radiation-resistant and potentially promising for use as protective on the bodies of small aircraft in orbit of the Earth and in open space.

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Calculation of indicators of resistance of work of digital chips in CAD

Forestry Engineering Journal ◽

10.12737/8494 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 291-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ачкасов ◽

V. Achkasov ◽

Чевычелов ◽

Yu. Chevychelov ◽

Анциферова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Pulse Shape ◽

Neutron Radiation ◽

Neutron Pulse ◽

X Ray ◽

Different Types ◽

Radiation Resistant ◽

Aided Design ◽

The Impact

The technique of radiation-resistant design of integrated circuits in computer-aided design is presented and comparisons with expert data are provided, which are affected by these types of radiations like gam-ma, x-ray and neutron radiation, as well as the impact of the neutron pulse, which affect largely, on the gain of the transistor are examined. Different types of cardinality doses are represented that affect the crystals of integrated circuits based on the real pulse shape of artificial intelligence.

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