scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibacterial Resistance of Gram Negative Bacteria Causing Respiratory Tract Infection In Critically Ill Patients.

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Faez A. Mahdi ◽  
◽  
Ali Sh. Saadoon ◽  
Hassan S. Haider ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals Microbiology of lower respiratory tract infection in workers of garment industry of Kathmandu

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
S Pant ◽  
KR Bhusal ◽  
S Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

By mistake the wrong PDF was loaded for this article. The correct PDF was loaded on 19th September 2016. OBJECTIVES This study was designed with the objectives of describing the distribution pattern of microorganisms responsible for causing LRTI in the workers of garment industries.MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 198 cases of suspected person of Lower Respiratory Tract infection (LRTI) LRTI were included in this study. This study was conducted between November 2009 to April 2010. Specimen for the study was expectorated sputum. Gram-stain, Ziehl-Neelsen stains and culture were performed.RESULTS On direct microscopic examination, 20.51% were Gram positive bacteria, 79.48% were Gram negative bacteria and 4% were smear positive AFB. On culture sensitivity examination, 22% percent showed growth of different bacteria in different culture media. The bacteria isolated from the samples included Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.38%), Proteus mirabilis (15.38%) and Citrobacterfruendii (15.38%). Gram Negative bacteria were found most susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (92.30%, 24/26) and Amikacin (92.30%, 24/26). Similarly, Gram Positive bacteria were found most susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100%, 8/8) followed by Cloxacillin and Cephalexin (87.5%, 7/8). Smear positive AFB was significantly associated with not using the protective measures (mask) by workers and presence of symptoms (cough for more than two weeks, night sweat, hemoptysis and anorexia) (p=0.031). Culture positivity was significantly associated with symptoms like production of purulent sputum (p=0.045).CONCLUSION There was insignificant association between LRTI and risk factors present in working room of garment industries. Most of the isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and resistance to Ampicillin and Cephalexin.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol-10, No-3, 14-22

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Kathmandu University Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666
Author(s):  
Jatan Bahadur Sherchan ◽  
Sanjay Humagain
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Respiratory tract infection due to Gram-negative bacteria is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative bacteria from patients with lower respiratory tract infection visiting Kathmandu University Hospital.Methods: A total of 3,403 respiratory samples including sputum and endotracheal aspirates were processed and antibiotic resistance pattern was determined following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Patients’ information was obtained after informed consent.Results: Growth of Gram-negative bacteria was 210 (6.17%). 83(39.52%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter species, Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus influenzae. 151(71.90%) isolates were multidrug resistant. None of the strains were resistant to colistin. 51(24.29%) were resistant to carbapenem and out of these 3(1.43%) were metallo-? lactamase producers. 89(65.92%) of the patients having both pneumonia along with other respiratory illnesses were above 60 years of age indicating that old age might be a predisposing factor. (p value is less than 0.0001). 92(81.42%) of patients of age above 60 years had multidrug resistant isolates indicating that old age might be a predisposing factor for getting infection my multidrug resistant isolates. (p value equals 0.0012) Among 36 diabetic patients 33(91.67%) had multidrug resistant isolates. Whereas out of 174 non-diabetic patients only 118(67.82%) had multidrug resistant isolates (p value equals 0.0037).Conclusions: Multidrug-resistant Gram negative bacteria were observed in respiratory samples. Effective treatment of lower respiratory tract infection need detailed microbiological diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing.Keywords: ESBL; LRTI; MBL; MDR

scholarly journals Pathogenic Bacteria and Drug Sensitivity Analysis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Chuanhui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

<strong>Objective: </strong>To study drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in lower respiratory tract infection in patients in Respiratory Department of Internal Medicine. <strong>Method: </strong>On October 2011 to October 2013, there were 112 patients with lower respiratory tract infection in the hospital respiratory medicine ward were reviewed for analysis by collected patient’s infected blood, urine and sputum for laboratory analysis and investigation of drug resistance. <strong>Results: </strong>In a total of 112 strains of pathogenic bacteria, gram negative bacteria, the number of strains was 68, accounting for 60.7% of all strains. The analysis of gram positive bacteria had the lowest drug resistance to vancomycin, but the resistance to erythromycin and penicillin was the highest, while gram negative bacteria were the lowest, but the drug resistance was high. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Respiratory Department Of Internal Medicine, patients with lower respiratory tract infection, the pathogenic bacteria which is gram negative bacterial infection is more common, to clarify the distribution of the infection of pathogenic bacteria, and the drug resistance to do a good grasp of the lower respiratory tract infection in patients with lower respiratory tract infection in patients with the role of a thing.

scholarly journals Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Colistin Methanesulfonate and Colistin after Intravenous Administration in Critically Ill Patients with Infections Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 3430-3436 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Plachouras ◽  
M. Karvanen ◽  
L. E. Friberg ◽  
E. Papadomichelakis ◽  
A. Antoniadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Colistin Methanesulfonate

ABSTRACT Colistin is used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB). It is administered intravenously in the form of colistin methanesulfonate (CMS), which is hydrolyzed in vivo to the active drug. However, pharmacokinetic data are limited. The aim of the present study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of CMS and colistin in a population of critically ill patients. Patients receiving colistin for the treatment of infections caused by MDR-GNB were enrolled in the study; however, patients receiving a renal replacement therapy were excluded. CMS was administered at a dose of 3 million units (240 mg) every 8 h. Venous blood was collected immediately before and at multiple occasions after the first and the fourth infusions. Plasma CMS and colistin concentrations were determined by a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method after a rapid precipitation step that avoids the significant degradation of CMS and colistin. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed with the NONMEM program. Eighteen patients (6 females; mean age, 63.6 years; mean creatinine clearance, 82.3 ml/min) were included in the study. For CMS, a two-compartment model best described the pharmacokinetics, and the half-lives of the two phases were estimated to be 0.046 h and 2.3 h, respectively. The clearance of CMS was 13.7 liters/h. For colistin, a one-compartment model was sufficient to describe the data, and the estimated half-life was 14.4 h. The predicted maximum concentrations of drug in plasma were 0.60 mg/liter and 2.3 mg/liter for the first dose and at steady state, respectively. Colistin displayed a half-life that was significantly long in relation to the dosing interval. The implications of these findings are that the plasma colistin concentrations are insufficient before steady state and raise the question of whether the administration of a loading dose would benefit critically ill patients.

scholarly journals Colonization and infection by colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a cohort of critically ill patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. E9-E11 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kontopidou ◽  
D. Plachouras ◽  
E. Papadomichelakis ◽  
G. Koukos ◽  
I. Galani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative
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