scholarly journals Added Value of Comprehensive Program to Provide Universal Access to Care for Sputum Smear–Negative Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1289-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Huang ◽  
Susan van den Hof ◽  
Yan Qu ◽  
You Li ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Access To Care ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Comprehensive Program ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Smear Negative

scholarly journals Social Mixing and Clinical Features Linked With Transmission in a Network of Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Cases in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2396-2402
Author(s):  
Kristin N Nelson ◽  
Samuel M Jenness ◽  
Barun Mathema ◽  
Benjamin A Lopman ◽  
Sara C Auld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Smear Negative

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death globally, and drug-resistant TB strains pose a serious threat to controlling the global TB epidemic. The clinical features, locations, and social factors driving transmission in settings with high incidences of drug-resistant TB are poorly understood. Methods We measured a network of genomic links using Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole-genome sequences. Results Patients with 2–3 months of cough or who spent time in urban locations were more likely to be linked in the network, while patients with sputum smear–positive disease were less likely to be linked than those with smear-negative disease. Associations persisted using different thresholds to define genomic links and irrespective of assumptions about the direction of transmission. Conclusions Identifying factors that lead to many transmissions, including contact with urban areas, can suggest settings instrumental in transmission and indicate optimal locations and groups to target with interventions.

scholarly journals RAPID DETECTION OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE AMONG MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS SUSPECTS USING LINE PROBE ASSAY

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Saini ◽  
Manoj Kumar Dubey ◽  
Uma Bhardwaj ◽  
M Hanif ◽  
Chopra Kk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Line Probe Assay ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Probe Assay

ABSTRACTObjective: GenoType MTBDRplus line probe assay (LPA) is developed for performing drug susceptibility testing (DST) for Rifampicin (RIF) andisoniazid in sputum specimens from smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients and revised national TB control Programme (RNTCP)has endorsed LPA for the diagnosis of multi drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). This study was conducted to assess the potential utility of LPA for MDR-TBpatient management.Methods: MDR-TB suspects under RNTCP PMDT criteria C referred from different districts in Delhi state were included in the study January 2013 toDecember 2014. Sputum specimens found acid-fast bacilli positive by fluorescent microscopy were processed for LPA.Results: Out of 3062 specimens, 2055 (67.1%) MDR-TB suspects were read as positive and specimens from 1007 (32.9%) suspects were read asnegative in sputum smear microscopy. Out of 2019 specimens valid LPA results, 1427 were found to be pan-sensitive, 280 were MDR-TB, 40 were RIFmonoresistant, 183 were Isoniazid (INH) monoresistant, and 89 specimens were found negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Conclusion: Routine use of LPA can substantially reduce the time to diagnosis of RIF and/or INH-resistant TB and can hence potentially enable earliercommencement of appropriate drug therapy and thereby facilitate prevention of further transmission of drug resistant strains.Keywords: Multi drug resistant tuberculosis, Line probe assay, Rifampicin, Isoniazid.

Sputum smear microscopy result: a predictor for drug-resistant tuberculosis?

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 864-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Dean ◽  
M. Zignol ◽  
R. Lumb ◽  
M. Lalor ◽  
A. Skrahina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sputum Smear Microscopy ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis

scholarly journals Risk factors for multiple drug resistant tuberculosis relapses

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
А. S. Аlliluev ◽  
O. V. Filinyuk ◽  
E. E. Shnayder ◽  
P. N. Golubchikov ◽  
D. E. Аmichba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Mdr Tb

The objective of the study: to identify risk factors for relapses in patients after the effective course of chemotherapy for multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB). Subjects and methods. Medical files of 346 adult MDR TB patients were analyzed, they all had the effective treatment as per regimen IV in Tomsk Phthisiopulmonology Medical Center in 2009-2011. They were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 included 35 patients who developed a relapse of tuberculosis over the next 5 years; Group 2 consisted of 311 patients who had no relapse of the disease over the next 5 years. Results. The relapse rate in effectively treated MDR TB patients made 10.1% (35/346 patients). The following social factors contributed to higher chances of the relapse: retirement age (p = 0.045; OR = 2.86 [1.14-7.20]) and disability due to somatic diseases (p < 0.001; OR = 4.82 [2.13-10.90]); while biomedical factors were the following: HIV infection (OR = 19.19 [5.29-69.56]), mental illness (OR = 5.85 [2.27-15.03]), tobacco smoking (OR = 3.16 [1.08-9.20]). People with history of tuberculosis relapses (OR = 12.17 [4.19-35.34]) have higher chances of relapse, as well as those having the following characteristics of the tuberculosis disease during the effective chemotherapy course: destruction of lung tissue (OR = 7.48 [1.76-31.80]), positive results of sputum smear microscopy (OR = 2.91 [1.28-6.61]), persisting bacterial excretion (by culture) after 2 months of chemotherapy (OR = 4.98 [2.41-10.29]).

scholarly journals Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis and associated factors

Rev Rene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. e70733
Author(s):  
George Jó Bezerra Sousa ◽  
Thatiana Araújo Maranhão ◽  
Terezinha do Menino Jesus Silva Leitão ◽  
Thereza Maria Magalhães Moreira ◽  
Jerffeson Teixeira de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis and associated factors. Methods: a retrospective study that evaluated 74,006 cases of tuberculosis registered in the Notifiable Diseases Information System. In the multivariate analysis, the outcome variable “drug resistance” was used to estimate the prevalence ratio of factors associated with drug resistance. Results: a rate of 0.5% of drug resistance was estimated (n=388). A higher prevalence was observed in cases classified as relapse, post-dropout re-entry, and transfer. There was a 53.0% increase when sputum smear microscopy was positive and a 6.5 increase for positive sputum culture. The opposite effect was observed when the diagnostic test for human immunodeficiency virus was not performed. Conclusion: a low prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis was estimated compared to international scenarios. The main factors associated with the disease were related to retreatments and positive sputum smear and culture results.

scholarly journals Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in AFB smear-negative sputum specimens through MTB culture and GeneXpert® MTB/RIF assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 205873841982717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Rasool ◽  
Arif Muhammad Khan ◽  
Raza Mohy-Ud-Din ◽  
Muhammad Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Negative Sputum

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health issue around the globe which is a chronic infectious disease and is still one of the major challenges for developing countries. The emergence of drug-resistant TB makes the condition worse and there is an urgent need of fast, highly sensitive diagnostic methods. This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of GeneXpert® MTB/RIF assay and MTB culture for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in sputum smear-negative pulmonary TB/drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) suspects. A total of 168 sputum smear-negative TB suspects were recruited for the study. Among the suspected TB cases, 52.98% were male and 47.02% were females with the mean age of 42 ± 17.6 years. All the sputum specimens collected from the study population were subjected to Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy, GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay, and MTB culture. The results revealed that, out of 168 acid-fast bacilli (AFB)/ZN smear microscopy–negative sputum specimens, 48 (28.57%) and 58 (34.52%) were detected MTB positive by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and MTB culture, respectively, while 120 (71.43%) and 110 (65.48%) suspected TB cases were confirmed negative by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and MTB culture, respectively. The study concluded that GeneXpert assay was found to be a rapid and accurate tool for MTB detection in smear-negative sputum specimens. GeneXpert has advantage over ZN smear microscopy and MTB culture as it detects MTB and rifampicin resistance simultaneously within 2 h with minimal biohazards.

No universal access to drug-resistant tuberculosis care without engaging all health care providers

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
N. N. Linh ◽  
F. Wares ◽  
A. M. Cocozza ◽  
M. Uplekar ◽  
M. Raviglione
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Public Private Mix ◽  
Tuberculosis Care

Should the engagement of all health care providers in all aspects of programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (PMDT) become a priority in the national strategic plans for tuberculosis (TB), progress towards universal access to diagnosis, treatment and care of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) would accelerate. This would be especially crucial in countries where the private sector is a significant provider of health services. Proven successful interventions to engage all health care providers and partners in the cascade of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care of DR-TB patients need to be urgently scaled up. Such engagement should not be limited to the diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB, but extended also to all the aspects of PMDT, including approaches ensuring that patient-centred care, social support, pharmacovigilance and surveillance. Integral to the End TB Strategy, PMDT should be embedded in all public-private mix initiatives for TB and vice versa.

scholarly journals First line anti-tubercular drug resistance among patients visiting German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
S Regmi ◽  
B Shrestha ◽  
A Katuwal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is one of the commonest causes of death in the world. It remains a major public health problem in developing countries including Nepal. Despite the reduction in incidence of tuberculosis by the implementation of anti-tuberculosis drugs regimen, TB remains pandemic due to emergence of drug resistant strain of M. tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the first line anti-tubercular drug resistance among patients visiting German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-tubercular drug susceptibility test for first line drugs (Rifampicin, Isonizid, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin) was performed by proportion method (n=141) for new sputum smear positive patients attending German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Kathmandu, Nepal. RESULTS: 78.1% (n=110.) were sensitive to all 4 drugs. Eight isolates (5.6%), 4(2.8%), 10(7.1%) and 31(21.9%) were resistant to any 4, 3, 2 and 1 drug respectively. Proportion of drug resistant (PDR) to one drug was 12.6%, two drugs 7.6%, three drugs (6.3%) and four drugs was 5.6%. Our result indicates the PDR to the first line drug was 21.9% and multidrug resistant (MDR) was 12 (8.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Drugs resistant cases of tuberculosis in increasing. Surveillance and monitoring of the drug resistant tuberculosis is necessary to prevent emergence of MDR, extensively drug resistant and so-called totally drug resistant tuberculosis.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8321   Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(2):45-48

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