Trichinella spiralis

Trichinella spiralis induces a profound mastocytosis and eosinophilia in the small intestine of the infected mouse. Mouse mast cells (MC) store in their granules various combinations of at least five chymotryptic chymases [designated mouse MC protease (mMCP) 1 to 5], two tryptic proteases designated mMCP-6 and mMCP-7 and an exopeptidase, carboxypeptidase A (mMC-CPA). Using antipeptide, protease -specific antibodies to these MC granule proteases, immunohistochemistry was done to determine the distribution, number and protease phenotype of the MCs in the small intestine and spleen 10 to >60 days after Trichinella infection of BALB/c and C3H mice. TEM was performed to evaluate the granule morphology of the MCs between intestinal epithelial cells and in the lamina propria (mucosal MCs) and in the submucosa, muscle and serosa of the intestine (submucosal MCs).As noted in the table below, the number of submucosal MCs remained constant throughout the study. In contrast, on day 14, the number of MCs in the mucosa increased ~25 fold. Increased numbers of MCs were observed between epithelial cells in the mucosal crypts, in the lamina propria and to a lesser extent, between epithelial cells of the intestinal villi.

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Time-resolved transcriptional profiling of Trichinella-infected murine myocytes helps to elucidate host–pathogen interactions in the muscle stage

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04624-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoxiang Hu ◽

Xiaolei Liu ◽

Chen Li ◽

Yulu Zhang ◽

Chengyao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Host Cells ◽

Initial Reaction ◽

Global Changes ◽

Mammalian Skeletal Muscle ◽

Time Resolved

Abstract Background Parasites of the genus Trichinella are the pathogenic agents of trichinellosis, which is a widespread and severe foodborne parasitic disease. Trichinella spiralis resides primarily in mammalian skeletal muscle cells. After invading the cells of the host organism, T. spiralis must elude or invalidate the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses to survive. It is necessary to characterize the pathogenesis of trichinellosis to help to prevent the occurrence and further progression of this disease. The aims of this study were to elucidate the mechanisms of nurse cell formation, pathogenesis and immune evasion of T. spiralis, to provide valuable information for further research investigating the basic cell biology of Trichinella-infected muscle cells and the interaction between T. spiralis and its host. Methods We performed transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing to identify global changes at 1, 3, 7, 10 and 15 days post-infection (dpi) in gene expression in the diaphragm after the parasite entered and persisted within the murine myocytes; the mice were infected by intravenous injection of newborn larvae. Gene expression analysis was based on the alignment results. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on their expression levels in various samples, and functional annotation and enrichment analysis were performed. Results The most extensive and dynamic gene expression responses in host diaphragms were observed during early infection (1 dpi). The number of DEGs and genes annotated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology databases decreased significantly in the infected mice compared to the uninfected mice at 3 and 7 dpi, suddenly increased sharply at 10 dpi, and then decreased to a lower level at 15 dpi, similar to that observed at 3 and 7 dpi. The massive initial reaction of the murine muscle cells to Trichinella infection steadied in the later stages of infection, with little additional changes detected for the remaining duration of the studied process. Although there were hundreds of DEGs at each time point, only 11 genes were consistently up- or downregulated at all 5 time points. Conclusions The gene expression patterns identified in this study can be employed to characterize the coordinated response of T. spiralis-infected myocytes in a time-resolved manner. This comprehensive dataset presents a distinct and sensitive picture of the interaction between host and parasite during intracellular infection, which can help to elucidate how pathogens evade host defenses and coordinate the biological functions of host cells to survive in the mammalian environment.

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Development of a rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic strip based on EuNPs-ES fluorescent probe for the detection of early Trichinella spiralis-specific IgG antibody in pigs

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-021-00951-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xinyu Wang ◽

Bin Tang ◽

Ying Zhao ◽

Jing Ding ◽

Nan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Line ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Parasite Infection ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Immunochromatographic Strip ◽

Muscle Larvae ◽

Zoonotic Parasite ◽

Circulating Antibodies ◽

Novel Method ◽

Specific Igg

AbstractTrichinellosis, which is caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella, is one of the most important zoonotic parasite diseases in the world. A rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic strip (ICS) based on Eu (III) nanoparticles (EuNPs) was developed for the detection of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection in pigs. T. spiralis muscle larvae excretory secretory or preadult worm excretory secretory (ML-ES or PAW-ES) antigens were conjugated with EuNPs probes to capture T. spiralis-specific antibodies in pig sera, after which the complex bound to mouse anti-pig IgG deposited on the test line (T-line), producing a fluorescent signal. In the pigs infected with 100, 1000 and 10 000 ML, seroconversion was first detectable for the EuNPs-ML-ES ICS at 30, 25 and 21 days post-infection (dpi) and for the EuNPs-PAW-ES ICS at 25, 21 and 17 dpi. These results show that EuNPs-PAW-ES ICS detects anti-Trichinella IgG in pigs 4–5 days earlier that test using ML-ES antigens. Our ICS have no cross reaction with other parasite infection sera. Furthermore, the detection process could be completed in 10 min. This study indicated that our ICS can be used for the detection of the circulating antibodies in early T. spiralis infection and provide a novel method for on-site detection of T. spiralis infection in pigs.

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A Rapid Slide Hemagglutination Test for the Detection of Antibodies to Trichinella spiralis

Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.2307/3274374 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 383 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. H. Sadun ◽

D. S. Allain

Keyword(s):

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Hemagglutination Test

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Trichinella spiralis infection reduces tumor growth and metastasis of B16-F10 melanoma cells

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.02.021 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 196 (1-2) ◽

pp. 106-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yun-Jeong Kang ◽

Jin-Ok Jo ◽

Min-Kyoung Cho ◽

Hak-Sun Yu ◽

Sun-Hee Leem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Growth ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Melanoma Cells ◽

Tumor Growth And Metastasis

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Proteomic analysis of hydrolytic proteases in excretory/secretory proteins from Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae using zymography combined with shotgun LC-MS/MS approach

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105825 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105825

Author(s):

Hua Nan Ren ◽

Tong Xu Zhuo ◽

Sheng Jie Bai ◽

Ying Bai ◽

Xiang Yuan Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Secretory Proteins ◽

Infective Larvae

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Murine hepatoma treatment with mature dendritic cells stimulated by Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory products

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2020045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Jing Ding ◽

Xiaolei Liu ◽

Bin Tang ◽

Xue Bai ◽

Yang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Antitumor Effect ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Critical Role ◽

Tumor Model ◽

Control Group ◽

Tumor Inhibition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Secretory Products

Excretory/Secretory Products (ESPs) of the nematode Trichinella spiralis contain antitumor-active substances that inhibit tumor growth. Mature dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the antitumor immunity of the organism. As pathogen-derived products, it ought to be discussed whether T. spiralis ESPs will reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs from the host before it is applied to patients’ tumors. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the immunological effect of DCs stimulated by T. spiralis ESPs in H22 tumor-bearing mice. H22 tumor model mice in this study were randomly divided into four groups according to the treatment: PBS control group, ESP group, DCs group, and DCs stimulated with T. spiralis ESP (ESP+DCs group). The antitumor effect was evaluated by tumor inhibition rate and cytokine detection using ELISA. The results showed significant inhibition in tumor growth in the ESP+DCs, DCs and ESP groups when compared with the PBS control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed on tumor inhibition rates between the ESP+DCs and DCs groups. The decrease in IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, and the increase in IFN-γ between the DCs and ESP+DCs groups were also not significant. Therefore, DCs stimulated by ESP did not reduce the antitumor effect of mature DCs, which demonstrated that the T. spiralis ESP would not affect the antitumor effect of mature DCs by modulating the immune response of the host, and that ESPs are safe in antitumor immunology when applied in a tumor model mice.

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