Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Cognitive Function Among Hispanic/Latino Adults in San Diego, California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindana D. Ilango ◽  
Kevin Gonzalez ◽  
Linda Gallo ◽  
Matthew A. Allison ◽  
Jianwen Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Latino Adults

Background: Hispanics/Latinos in the United States are more likely to live in neighborhoods with greater exposure to air pollution and are projected to have the largest increase in dementia among race/ethnic minority groups. Objective: We examined the associations of air pollution with performance on cognitive function tests in Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods: We used data from the San Diego site of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, an ongoing cohort of Hispanics/Latinos. This analysis focused on individuals ≥45 years of age who completed a neurocognitive battery examining overall mental status, verbal learning, memory, verbal fluency, and executive function (n = 2,089). Air pollution (PM2.5 and O3) before study baseline was assigned to participants’ zip code. Logistic and linear regression were used to estimate the associations of air pollution on overall mental status and domain-specific standardized test scores. Models accounted for complex survey design, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. Results: We found that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, verbal fluency worsened (β: −0.21 [95% CI: −0.68, 0.25]). For every 10 ppb increase in O3, verbal fluency and executive function worsened (β: −0.19 [95% CI: −0.34, −0.03]; β: −0.01 [95% CI: −0.01, 0.09], respectively). We did not identify any detrimental effect of pollutants on other domains. Conclusion: Although we found suggestions that air pollution may impact verbal fluency and executive function, we observed no consistent or precise evidence to suggest an adverse impact of air pollution on cognitive level among this cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults.

Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Cognitive Function Among Hispanic/Latino Adults in San Diego, California

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1489-1496
Author(s):  
Sindana D. Ilango ◽  
Kevin Gonzalez ◽  
Linda Gallo ◽  
Matthew A. Allison ◽  
Jianwen Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Adults

Background: Hispanics/Latinos in the United States are more likely to live in neighborhoods with greater exposure to air pollution and are projected to have the largest increase in dementia among race/ethnic minority groups. Objective: We examined the associations of air pollution with performance on cognitive function tests in Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods: We used data from the San Diego site of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, an ongoing cohort of Hispanics/Latinos. This analysis focused on individuals ≥45 years of age who completed a neurocognitive battery examining overall mental status, verbal learning, memory, verbal fluency, and executive function (n = 2,089). Air pollution (PM2.5 and O3) before study baseline was assigned to participants’ zip code. Logistic and linear regression were used to estimate the associations of air pollution on overall mental status and domain-specific standardized test scores. Models accounted for complex survey design, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. Results: We found that for every 10μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, verbal fluency worsened (β: –0.21 [95%CI: –0.68, 0.25]). For every 10 ppb increase in O3, verbal fluency and executive function worsened (β: –0.19 [95%CI: –0.34, –0.03]; β: –0.01 [95%CI: –0.01, 0.09], respectively). We did not identify any detrimental effect of pollutants on other domains. Conclusion: Although we found suggestions that air pollution may impact verbal fluency and executive function, we observed no consistent or precise evidence to suggest an adverse impact of air pollution on cognitive level among this cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults.

scholarly journals Weight Status Influences Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Executive Function Among Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 367-368
Author(s):  
Desiree Bygrave ◽  
Regina Wright
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Media Thickness

Abstract Carotid atherosclerosis has emerged as an early predictor of reduced cognitive function. Underlying this association are risk factors, such as overweight and obesity, that promote carotid atherosclerosis and poor cognitive outcomes. Given the prevalence of overweight and obesity among older adults, there is a critical need to better understand how atherosclerosis influences cognitive function in the context of elevated weight. To address this gap, the current study examined relations between carotid atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness [IMT]), and attention (Trailmaking Test) and executive function (Verbal Fluency Test) performance, and whether they varied as a function of weight status (body mass index [BMI] classification). Data were analyzed from 162 older adults (mean age = 68.43y, 34% male, 41% African American), free of major disease. Mutliple regression and analysis of variance analyses, adjusted for age, sex, education and mean arterial pressure, showed a statistically significant IMT x BMI interaction for Verbal Fluency performance (p=.04) and a trending IMT x BMI interaction for Trailmaking A performance (p=.05). Simple effects analysis of IMT and Verbal Fluency performance showed that this association was most pronounced among those who are obese. Findings suggest atherosclerosis may influence executive function in the context of obesity among older adults. As the development of carotid atherosclerosis is strongly related to aging, our findings suggest that maintaining a healthy weight may reduce its impact on executive function in older adulthood.

Exposure to ambient air pollution and executive function among Chinese primary schoolchildren

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 113583
Author(s):  
Zhaohuan Gui ◽  
Li Cai ◽  
Jingshu Zhang ◽  
Xia Zeng ◽  
Lijuan Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren

scholarly journals Prospective Associations of Erythrocyte Composition and Dietary Intake of n-3 and n-6 PUFA with Measures of Cognitive Function

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman Bigornia ◽  
Tammy Scott ◽  
William Harris ◽  
Katherine Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
The Impact

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption is recommended as part of a healthy diet, but evidence of the impact of individual species and biological concentrations on cognitive function is limited. We examined prospective associations of PUFA erythrocyte composition and dietary intake with measures of cognitive function among participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 57 years). Erythrocyte and dietary PUFA composition were ascertained at baseline and associated with 2-year scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) (n = 1032) and cognitive domain patterns derived from a battery of tests (n = 865), as well as with incidence of cognitive impairment. Erythrocyte and dietary n-3 PUFA were not significantly associated with MMSE score. However, total erythrocyte and dietary n-3 very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), and intake of individual species, were associated with better executive function (P-trend < 0.05, for all). There was evidence that greater erythrocyte n-6 eicosadienoic acid concentration was associated with lower MMSE and executive function scores (P-trend = 0.02). Only erythrocyte arachidonic acid (ARA) concentration predicted cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio = 1.26; P = 0.01). Among Puerto Rican adults, we found that n-3 VLCFA consumption may beneficially impact executive function. Further, these findings provide some evidence that n-6 metabolism favoring greater ARA tissue incorporation, but not necessarily dietary intake, could increase the risk of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Impact of Virtual Reality-Based Therapies on Cognition and Mental Health of Stroke Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.2196/31007 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. e31007
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yu Fu ◽  
Yanhui Lu ◽  
Yating Zhang ◽  
Qifang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Visuospatial Function ◽  
Global Cognitive Function

Background Stroke remains one of the major chronic illnesses worldwide that health care organizations will need to address for the next several decades. Individuals poststroke are subject to levels of cognitive impairment and mental health problems. Virtual reality (VR)-based therapies are new technologies used for cognitive rehabilitation and the management of psychological outcomes. Objective This study performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of VR-based therapies on cognitive function and mental health in patients with stroke. Methods A comprehensive database search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Cochrane Library, and APA PsycINFO databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied the effects of VR on patients with stroke. We included trials published up to April 15, 2021, that fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature was screened, data were extracted, and the methodological quality of the included trials was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 894 patients from 23 RCTs were included in our meta-analysis. Compared to traditional rehabilitation therapies, the executive function (standard mean difference [SMD]=0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.06-1.70, P=.03), memory (SMD=1.44, 95% CI=0.21-2.68, P=.02), and visuospatial function (SMD=0.78, 95% CI=0.23-1.33, P=.006) significantly improved among patients after VR intervention. However, there were no significant differences observed in global cognitive function, attention, verbal fluency, depression, and the quality of life (QoL). Conclusions The findings of our meta-analysis showed that VR-based therapies are efficacious in improving executive function, memory, and visuospatial function in patients with stroke. For global cognitive function, attention, verbal fluency, depression, and the QoL, further research is required. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021252788; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=252788

scholarly journals Air pollution exposure and risk of spontaneous abortion in the Nurses’ Health Study II

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1809-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey J Gaskins ◽  
Jaime E Hart ◽  
Jorge E Chavarro ◽  
Stacey A Missmer ◽  
Janet W Rich-Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Crossover Analysis

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between air pollution exposures and the risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB)? SUMMARY ANSWER Higher exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution above and beyond a woman’s average exposure may be associated with greater risk of SAB, particularly among women experiencing at least one SAB during follow-up. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is sufficient biologic plausibility to suggest that air pollution adversely affects early pregnancy outcomes, particularly pregnancy loss; however, the evidence is limited. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Our prospective cohort study included 19 309 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II who contributed a total of 35 025 pregnancies between 1990 and 2008. We also conducted a case-crossover analysis among 3585 women (11 212 pregnancies) with at least one SAB and one live birth during follow-up. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Proximity to major roadways and exposure to PM <10 microns (PM10), 2.5–10 microns (PM2.5–10) and <2.5 microns (PM2.5) were determined for residential addresses between 1989 and 2007. Pregnancy outcomes were self-reported biannually throughout follow-up and comprehensively in 2009. Multivariable log-binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the risk ratios and 95% CIs of SAB. Conditional logistic regression was used for the case-crossover analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE During the 19 years of follow-up, 6599 SABs (18.8% of pregnancies) were reported. In the main analysis, living closer to a major roadway and average exposure to PM10, PM10–2.5 or PM2.5 in the 1 or 2 years prior to pregnancy were not associated with an increased risk of SAB. However, small positive associations between PM exposures and SAB were observed when restricting the analysis to women experiencing at least one SAB during follow-up. In the case-crossover analysis, an increase in PM10 (per 3.9 μg/m3), PM2.5–10 (per 2.3 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (per 2.0 μg/m3) in the year prior to pregnancy was associated with 1.12 (95% CI 1.06, 1.19), 1.09 (95% CI 1.03, 1.14) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.04, 1.17) higher odds of SAB, respectively. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We did not have information on the month or day of SAB, which precluded our ability to examine specific windows of susceptibility or acute exposures. We also used ambient air pollution exposures as a proxy for personal exposure, potentially leading to exposure misclassification. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In our case-crossover analysis (but not in the entire cohort) we observed positive associations between exposure to all size fractions of PM exposure and risk of SAB. This may suggest that changes in PM exposure confer greater risk of SAB or that women with a history of SAB are a particularly vulnerable subgroup. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The authors are supported by the following NIH grants UM1CA176726, R00ES026648 and P30ES000002. The authors have no actual or potential competing financial interests to disclose.

scholarly journals Air Pollution Exposure and Cognitive Function in Taiwanese Older Adults: A Repeated Measurement Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Ting C. Lo ◽  
Ya-Chi Lu ◽  
Yu-Hung Chang ◽  
Senyeong Kao ◽  
Han-Bin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Studies related to air pollution exposure and neurocognitive disorders, specifically cognitive impairment, among older adults are limited. We investigated the association between short-term and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution (i.e., particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm and ozone) and the effects of their interaction on cognitive function in a community-dwelling, free-living elderly population. Study participants were in a multiple-wave representative sample, namely the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 2241). In four surveys between 1996 and 2007, their cognitive function was assessed using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). We estimated air pollution from 1993 to 2007, including daily concentrations of PM10 and O3 from air quality monitoring stations, based on the administrative zone of each participant’s residence. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine these associations after adjusting for covariates. We found that long-term exposure to PM10 and O3 was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 1.094, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.174 for PM10; OR = 1.878, 95% CI: 1.363, 2.560 for O3). The joint effect of exposure to PM10 and O3 was associated with cognitive impairment (p < 0.001). Co-exposure to ambient PM10 and O3 may deteriorate cognitive function in older adults.

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