Representing wine concepts: A hybrid approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-491
Author(s):  
M. Cristina Amoretti ◽  
Marcello Frixione
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Geometric Representation ◽  
Conceptual Spaces ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge

Wines with geographical indication can be classified and represented by such features as designations of origin, producers, vintage years, alcoholic strength, and grape varieties; these features allow us to define wines in terms of a set of necessary and/or sufficient conditions. However, wines can also be identified by other characteristics, involving their look, smell, and taste; in this case, it is hard to define wines in terms of necessary and/or sufficient conditions, as wine concepts exhibit typicality effects. This is a setback for the design of computer science ontologies aiming to represent wine concepts, since knowledge representation formalisms commonly adopted in this field do not allow for the representation of concepts in terms of typical traits. To solve this problem, we propose to adopt a hybrid approach in which ontology-oriented formalisms are combined with a geometric representation of knowledge based on conceptual spaces. As in conceptual spaces, concepts are identified in terms of a number of quality dimensions. In order to determine those relevant for wine representation, we use the terminology developed by the Italian Association of Sommeliers to describe wines. This will allow us to understand typicality effects about wines, determine prototypes and better exemplars, and measure the degree of similarity between different wines.

Expert system for multidisciplinary analysis and optimization using ASTROS

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari K. Sarma ◽  
Ramana V. Grandhi ◽  
Ronald F. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
Data Generator ◽  
Bulk Data ◽  
Element Program ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge

This paper discusses the framework of a knowledge-based expert system environment to design aerospace structures under structural and aerodynamic constraints using ASTROS (Automated Structural Optimization program). ASTROS is a synthesis tool built around the NASTRAN finite element program. The knowledge base capabilities are discussed for synthesizing in statics, normal mode, steady and unsteady aerodynamic disciplines. A description of the two ASTROS advisor modules, the Editor/Bulk Data generator and Post-processor, is included. Experiences and issues involved in hierarchical representation of knowledge as menu options at different levels of abstraction are presented. Illustrative examples of the advisor in designing airframe structures are also included.

scholarly journals A Blended Artificial Intelligence Approach for Spectral Classification of Stars in Massive Astronomical Surveys

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Carlos Dafonte ◽  
Alejandra Rodríguez ◽  
Minia Manteiga ◽  
Ángel Gómez ◽  
Bernardino Arcay
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Stellar Spectra ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Astronomical Surveys ◽  
Classification Project ◽  
Intelligent Models ◽  
The Individual

This paper analyzes and compares the sensitivity and suitability of several artificial intelligence techniques applied to the Morgan–Keenan (MK) system for the classification of stars. The MK system is based on a sequence of spectral prototypes that allows classifying stars according to their effective temperature and luminosity through the study of their optical stellar spectra. Here, we include the method description and the results achieved by the different intelligent models developed thus far in our ongoing stellar classification project: fuzzy knowledge-based systems, backpropagation, radial basis function (RBF) and Kohonen artificial neural networks. Since one of today’s major challenges in this area of astrophysics is the exploitation of large terrestrial and space databases, we propose a final hybrid system that integrates the best intelligent techniques, automatically collects the most important spectral features, and determines the spectral type and luminosity level of the stars according to the MK standard system. This hybrid approach truly emulates the behavior of human experts in this area, resulting in higher success rates than any of the individual implemented techniques. In the final classification system, the most suitable methods are selected for each individual spectrum, which implies a remarkable contribution to the automatic classification process.

scholarly journals Grape cultures in Greece

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Христос Димитриос Пасхалидис ◽  
Димитрис Панаетис Петропулос ◽  
Ставрос Сотириос Сотиропулос ◽  
Пантелей Константинович Заманидис ◽  
Лукас Димитриос Папаконстантину ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Table Grape ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Crete Island ◽  
History Of ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Western Greece

Приводятся данные по истории развития виноградарства в Греческой Республике. В 2015 году общая площадь под виноградниками составляла 103,082 га, насчитывалось 188,873 крестьянских хозяйств. Сегодня отмечается тенденция к снижению площадей в связи с квотированием продукции со стороны ЕС. Большинство плантаций находятся на Пелопоннесе - 25,554 га, на острове Крит - 22,554 га и в западной Греции - 16,446 га. Виноградники для производства вин категории DOP (Protected Denomination of Origin) находятся на Пелопоннесе (3,603 га) и для производства вин категории IGP (Protected Geographical Indication) - в центральной Греции (6,202 га) Культивируется в основном два сорта сухого кишмиша Корианфиаки (черный) и Султанина (светлый). Средний урожай столовых сортов винограда с 1 га составляет 74,3 ц. Биологическое сельское хозяйство ведется на площади свыше 3,685 га, что составляет 4% от общей площади. В Греции большинство крестьян, вне зависимости от того, какая возделывается культура, имеют в своей собственности в среднем по 3,5 га. Греция намного отстает по виноградным площадям от таких стран как Испания и Франция и находится на одном из последних мест. Выращивание винограда сталкивается со значительной нехваткой передовых технологий, сложностями в решении организационных и маркетинговых вопросов. Затрудняет модернизацию виноградарских ферм их небольшой размер. Увеличение сельскохозяйственных угодий могло бы способствовать улучшению использования технологического оборудования и инфраструктуры, создавая благоприятные условия для производства продукции и ее экспорта. The article presents data on the history of development of viticulture in the Hellenic Republic. The total area of vineyards in 2015 was 103,082 ha and consisted of 188,873 farms. Today we notice the acreage reducing trend due to the assignment of quotas for products from the side of EU. Most of plantations are located on the Peloponnesus - 25,554 ha, on the Crete island - 22,554 ha and in western Greece - 16,446 ha. Vineyards for production of wines of DOP category ( Protected Denomination of Origin ) are located in the Peloponnesus (3,603 ha) and for the production of wines of IGP category ( Protected Geographical Indication) in central Greece (6,202 ha). Two main varieties of sultana raisin ‘Korianfiaki’ (black-berry) and ‘Sultanina’ (white-berry) are cultivated. The average yield of table grape varieties is 74,3 c/ha. Biological agriculture is conducted on the territory over 3,685 ha, amounting 4% of the total area. Most of farmers in Greece, regardless the culture of cultivation, on average possess the land square of 3,5 ha each. Greece is far behind the vineyards of such countries as Spain and France and takes one of the last places. Grape growing faces a significant lack of modern technologies, difficulties in solving organizational and marketing questions. The problem of modernization is caused by small size of vineyards. The increase in agricultural acreage could help to improve the use of technological equipment and infrastructure, creating favorable conditions for production and export.

The Geometry of Applied Ethics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Voronoi Tessellation ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Conceptual Spaces ◽  
Paradigm Case ◽  
Seed Point ◽  
Scaling Technique ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

This chapter details the conceptual foundations of the geometric construal of moral principles. The notion of a “case” is discussed, and two methods for identifying paradigm cases are introduced, the ex-ante and the ex-post method. It is claimed that moral principles can be represented by Voronoi tessellations of paradigm cases. A Voronoi tessellation divides space into a number of regions such that each region consists of all cases that are closer to a predetermined seed point (paradigm case) than to any other seed point for another principle. The distance between two cases reflects their degree of similarity. This discussion is followed by a presentation of various measures of similarity and an overview of the multidimensional scaling technique. The chapter emphasizes Peter Gärdenfors’s theory of conceptual spaces as an important source of inspiration.

Overview of Approaches and Future Challenges for Development of Music Recommendation Socio-Technical Systems

2016 ◽  
pp. 121-145
Author(s):  
Sergej Lugovic
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Information Behavior ◽  
Music Recommendation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
Music Information

This paper analyses the position of music recommendations in the wider context of music information behavior research and proposes five music information behavior dimensions: socio-cognitive information experience, information seeking, information retrieval, recommendations, and content consumption and analysis. It examines different approaches in the development of music recommendation systems (RS) which are applicable to all types of web information resources. These approaches are classified as content-based, collaborative, demographic, knowledge-based, meta-data-based, emotion-based and context-based, while the hybrid approach to RS development combines two or more approaches into one. Also, recent developments in the domain of music recommendations are discussed in detail. Finally, challenges and opportunities for collaboration between the scientific and the commercial communities on the development of new RS models are being explored.

Artificial Intelligence and Geometric Reasoning in Manufacturing Technology

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1325-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Dixon ◽  
Clive L. Dym
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Geometric Reasoning ◽  
Geometric Representation ◽  
Knowledge Based Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Control Assembly ◽  
Applications Of Ai

This article presents a brief review of the current literature on the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and especially expert (knowledge-based) systems, to manufacturing. Emphasis is placed on geometric representation and reasoning in design as an aid to manufacturing. Also discussed are applications of AI to process planning and design, process control, assembly, and other phases of manufacturing.

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