scholarly journals Policy innovation, convergence and divergence: Considering the policy transfer regulating privacy and data protection in three European countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-314
Author(s):  
Karl Löfgren ◽  
C. William R. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Convergence And Divergence

How do policy transfer mechanisms influence policy outcomes in the context of authoritarianism in Vietnam?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Duong
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
National Context ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
Convergence And Divergence ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms

The literature on policy transfer shows that it may result in simultaneous policy convergence and policy divergence. However, little is known about how such results happen when transferring from multiple and possibly contrasting sources. This study finds that civil service reforms in Vietnam’s merit-based policies are influenced by both western and Asian models of meritocracy. This makes them both closer to universal ‘best practices’ and at the same time sharpens the distinctiveness of Vietnam’s policy. The calculations of political actors in combination with the context of a one-party authoritarian state have led to policy transfer through mechanisms of translation and assemblage which brings about a hybrid of convergence and divergence. This study enhances understanding of policy transfer in the context of Asian authoritarianism. In finding hybridity in transfer outcomes in this national context, the article shows the uniqueness of resultant policy change and develops an analytical framework for the influence of policy transfer on policy outcomes.

scholarly journals Personas datu aizsardzības mērķis un tiesiskā regulējuma vēsturiskā attīstība

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Agnese Reine-Vītiņa
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Mūsdienās tiesības uz privāto dzīvi nepieciešamas ikvienā demokrātiskā sabiedrībā, un šo tiesību iekļaušana konstitūcijā juridiski garantē fiziskas personas rīcības brīvību un vienlaikus arī citu – valsts pamatlikumā noteikto – cilvēka tiesību īstenošanu [5]. Personas datu aizsardzības institūts tika izveidots, izpratnes par tiesību uz personas privātās dzīves neaizskaramību saturu paplašinot 20. gadsimta 70. gados, kad vairāku Eiropas valstu valdības uzsāka informācijas apstrādes projektus, piemēram, tautas skaitīšanu u. c. Informācijas tehnoloģiju attīstība ļāva arvien vairāk informācijas par personām glabāt un apstrādāt elektroniski. Viena no tiesību problēmām bija informācijas vākšana par fizisku personu un tiesību uz privātās dzīves neaizskaramību ievērošana. Lai nodrošinātu privātās dzīves aizsardzību, atsevišķas Eiropas valstis pēc savas iniciatīvas pieņēma likumus par datu aizsardzību. Pirmie likumi par personas datu aizsardzību Eiropā tika pieņemti Vācijas Federatīvajā Republikā, tad Zviedrijā (1973), Norvēģijā (1978) un citur [8, 10]. Ne visas valstis pieņēma likumus par datu aizsardzību vienlaikus, tāpēc Eiropas Padome nolēma izstrādāt konvenciju, lai unificētu datu aizsardzības noteikumus un principus. Nowadays, the right to privacy is indispensable in every democratic society and inclusion of such rights in the constitution, guarantees legally freedom of action of a natural person and, simultaneously, implementation of other human rights established in the fundamental law of the state. The institute of personal data protection was established by expanding the understanding of the content of the right to privacy in the 70’s of the 19th century, when the government of several European countries initiated information processing projects, such as population census etc. For the development of information technology, more and more information on persons was kept and processed in electronic form. One of the legal problems was gathering of information on natural persons and the right to privacy. In order to ensure the protection of privacy, separate European countries, on their own initiative, established a law on data protection. The first laws on the protection of personal data in Europe were established in the Federal Republic of Germany, then in Sweden (1973), Norway (1978) and elsewhere. Not all countries adopted laws on data protection at the same time, so the Council of Europe decided to elaborate a convention to unify data protection rules and principles.

The National Strategy for Inner Areas: Innovation, Policy Transfer and Post-Earthquake Reconstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-176
Author(s):  
Brunetta Baldi
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Multilevel Governance ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Earthquake Reconstruction

AbstractThis article analyses the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas (NSIA) as a new policy for local development only partially linked to the European cohesion policy. It focuses on its innovative contents (vision, governance and methodology), and mainly on the transfer of innovation to lower levels of government and between local administrations. As an empirical study of policy transfer and policy innovation in a system of multilevel governance it shows an unexpected transfer of the NSIA methodology to another policy field: that of post-earthquake reconstruction in Central Italy. The article concludes by applying the typology of policy transfer developed in its first part to the analysis of the case-study as a whole.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Policy Transfer among China’s National Innovation Independent Demonstration Zones

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Feng Feng ◽  
Qing Li
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Index System ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Independent Innovation

Policy transfer is a process in which different organizations learn from each other to achieve policy innovation. It is also considered as an important channel of policy issuance. In China, national independent innovation demonstration zones serve as carriers of not only technological development, but also technological policies issued by China. Along with development of these national independent innovation demonstration zones, policy exchange and cooperation has become increasingly frequent among them. This paper attempts to find out different paths for policy transfer through a textual analysis of policies among China’s national independent innovation demonstration zones. First, quantitative connotation and characteristics of policy transfer are analyzed. Then, a policy transfer quantitative evaluation index system is built based on three dimensions of policy transfer, namely intensity, breadth and speed. Following that, the quantitative evaluation index system is used to analyze policy transfer among national independent innovation demonstration zones. The paper tries to explore favorable policy categories for transfer, and learn the policy development status in these national independent innovation demonstration zones as well as the policy transfer trend from different perspectives. To sum up, this research can provide not only data support for policy innovation of China’s independent innovational demonstration zones and accelerate their in-depth cooperation in terms of policy transfer, but also a new methodological research paradigm for quantitative analysis of policy transfer among parallel organizations.

scholarly journals Il clima socio-politico prima delle elezioni europee 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pessato ◽  
Rado Fonda ◽  
Riccardo Benetti
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Population Data ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Convergence And Divergence

The SWG Institute, together with other European partners (Sigmados, Insa, Opinion-Way and IBRiS), carried out some surveys in the months preceding the European Parliament election 2019 in several European countries in order to measure the political climate perceived by citizens on topics such as: European Union, institutions, emotions and main issues present in national political debates. In the analysis, the convergence and divergence features between Italian and European citizens will be highlighted. Furthermore, in addition to the data concerning the entire population, data regarding specific socio-demographic segments of the electorate will be compared.

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