Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status Scores Associate with Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology at Death

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Robinson ◽  
Yvonne S. Davidson ◽  
Federico Roncaroli ◽  
James Minshull ◽  
Phillip Tinkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Braak Stage ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The University

Background: Early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) provides an opportunity for early intervention. Cognitive testing has proven to be a reliable way to identify individuals who may be at risk of AD. The Telephone Assessment for Cognitive Screening (TICS) is proficient in screening for cognitive impairment. However, its ability to identify those at risk of developing AD pathology is unknown. Objective: We aim to investigate associations between TICS scores, collected over a period of 13 years, and the cognitive status of participants at death. We also examine relationships between TICS scores and neuropathological indices of AD (CERAD score, Thal phase, and Braak stage). Methods: Between 2004 and 2017, participants from The University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age underwent cognitive assessment using TICS. Scores from four time points were available for analysis. Cognitive impairment and AD pathology at death was evaluated in 101 participants. Results: TICS scores at time points 2, 3, and 4 were significantly lower in those cognitively impaired at death compared to those considered cognitively normal. There were significant negative correlations between TICS scores and CERAD score and Braak stage at time points 2 and 4. No correlations between Thal phase and TICS were found. Conclusion: Findings indicate that TICS could be used not only to screen for cognitive impairment, but also to identify individuals at risk of developing AD pathology, many years before any overt symptoms occur. Once identified, ‘at risk’ individuals could be targeted for early interventions which could attenuate the progression of the disease.

The Correlations between Postmortem Brain Pathologies and Cognitive Dysfunction in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ying Qiu ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Wanying Zhang ◽  
Naili Wang ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Braak Stage ◽  
Brain Bank ◽  
General Linear Multivariate Model ◽  
Human Brains

Background: The pathological diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) updated by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) in 2012 has been widely adopted, but the clinicopathological relevance remained obscure in Chinese population. Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlations between the antemortem clinical cognitive performances and the postmortem neuropathological changes in the aging and AD brains collected in a human brain bank in China. Method: A total of 52 human brains with antemortem cognitive status information [Everyday Cognition (ECog)] were collected through the willed donation program by CAMS/PUMC Human Brain Bank. Pathological changes were evaluated with the “ABC” score following the guidelines of NIA-AA. The clinicopathological relationship was analyzed with correlation analysis and general linear multivariate model. Results: The general ABC score has a significant correlation with global ECog score (r=0.37, p=0.014) and most of ECog domains. The CERAD score of neuritic plaques (C score) has a significant correlation with global ECog score (r=0.40, p=0.007) and the majority of ECog domains, such as memory (r=0.50, p=0.001), language (r=0.45, p=0.002), visuospatial functions (r=0.31, p=0.040), planning (r=0.35, p=0.021) and organization (r=0.39, p=0.010). The Braak stage of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) (B score) has a moderate correlation with memory (r=0.32, p=0.035). The Thal phases of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits (A score) present no significant correlation with any of ECog domains. Conclusion: In this study, we verified the correlation of postmortem C and B scores, but not the A score with cognition performance in a collection of samples from the Chinese human brain bank.

scholarly journals The “Counseling+” Roles of the Speech-Language Pathologist Serving Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia From Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Alyssa M. Lanzi ◽  
James M. Ellison ◽  
Matthew L. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Age Related

Purpose Persons with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are major consumers of services provided by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). These services include not only direct assessment and treatment of communication and swallowing but also counseling, collaboration, prevention, and wellness. These “counseling+” activities can be especially challenging for SLPs to deliver because of the lack of evidence, as well as the complex nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other conditions that cause MCI and dementia. Method This tutorial is written by a speech-language pathologist, a neuropsychologist, and a geriatric psychiatrist to provide education, resources, and recommendations for SLPs delivering counseling+ activities to patients with MCI and dementia from AD and related disorders. Results and Conclusions We describe counseling+ activities across the continuum of care ranging from educating and conducting cognitive screenings with adults experiencing age-related cognitive decline to supporting end-of-life wishes. Because of their expertise in communication, SLPs can provide an array of important leading and supporting services to patients, their family, and other health care professionals on the care team, such as providing patients with appropriate feedback following a cognitive screening and helping caregivers identify the communicative intent of a responsive behavior. The demand for SLP services for patients with MCI and dementia will grow significantly over the next few decades, necessitating more systematic research and clinical evidence in this area.

scholarly journals Treatment of canine cognitive dysfunction with novel butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Zakošek Pipan ◽  
Sonja Prpar Mihevc ◽  
Malan Štrbenc ◽  
Urban Košak ◽  
Ilija German Ilić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Interesting Candidate ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor

AbstractCanine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is common in aged dogs and has many similarities with Alzheimer’s disease. Unfortunately, like Alzheimer’s disease, CCD cannot be cured. In the present study, we treated dogs with CCD with our newly developed and characterized butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor (BChEi). Seventeen dogs were randomized into two groups (treated with BChEi and untreated) and followed for 6 months at regular check-ups. The dogs’ cognitive status was determined by a Canine Dementia Scale (CADES) questionnaire and two cognitive tests. In dogs with moderate cognitive impairment, treatment caused significant improvement in the clinical rating of cognitive abilities and the performance-based tests of cognitive functioning when compared to the untreated group (p < 0.001). Dogs treated with BChEi showed markedly improved cognitive function with enhanced quality of life. No side effects were observed in the treated dogs with moderate cognitive impairment. According to the results of this preliminary study, there is an indication that novel BChEi may be a promising drug for the treatment of CCD in dogs and may be an interesting candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in humans. However, further clinical studies are needed to confirm this.

scholarly journals Prospective predictors of decline v. stability in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies or Alzheimer's disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Calum A. Hamilton ◽  
Fiona E. Matthews ◽  
Paul C. Donaghy ◽  
John-Paul Taylor ◽  
John T. O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Full Cohort

Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may gradually worsen to dementia, but often remains stable for extended periods of time. Little is known about the predictors of decline to help explain this variation. We aimed to explore whether this heterogeneous course of MCI may be predicted by the presence of Lewy body (LB) symptoms in a prospectively-recruited longitudinal cohort of MCI with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) and Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD). Methods A prospective cohort (n = 76) aged ⩾60 years underwent detailed assessment after recent MCI diagnosis, and were followed up annually with repeated neuropsychological testing and clinical review of cognitive status and LB symptoms. Latent class mixture modelling identified data-driven sub-groups with distinct trajectories of global cognitive function. Results Three distinct trajectories were identified in the full cohort: slow/stable progression (46%), intermediate progressive decline (41%) and a small group with a much faster decline (13%). The presence of LB symptomology, and visual hallucinations in particular, predicted decline v. a stable cognitive trajectory. With time zeroed on study end (death, dementia or withdrawal) where available (n = 39), the same subgroups were identified. Adjustment for baseline functioning obscured the presence of any latent classes, suggesting that baseline function is an important parameter in prospective decline. Conclusions These results highlight some potential signals for impending decline in MCI; poorer baseline function and the presence of probable LB symptoms – particularly visual hallucinations. Identifying people with a rapid decline is important but our findings are preliminary given the modest cohort size.

Blink rate study in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Decline

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizia D’Antonio ◽  
Maria Ilenia De Bartolo ◽  
Gina Ferrazzano ◽  
Micaela Sepe Monti ◽  
Letizia Imbriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Rate Study

Background: Blink rate (BR) is considered a marker of dopaminergic activity in humans. BR is increased in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), but no study has yet investigated whether BR changes with the progression of cognitive decline from MCI to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and whether BR abnormalities are present in subjects with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD). Objective: The aim of our study was to assess BR in patients with AD, MCI, and SCD and to correlate BR with demographic and clinical features of cognitive decline. Methods: We enrolled 22 subjects with SCD, 23 with MCI, and 18 with AD and a group of 20 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Cognitive function was assessed by testing global cognitive status and frontal, attentional, memory, verbal, and visuospatial functions. BR was measured by counting the number of blinks per minute. Results: MCI subjects had an increased BR (p<0.001), whereas AD subjects had a lower BR than HCs (p<0.05). Conversely, SCD subjects had a BR similar to HCs. No significant correlations emerged between neuropsychological scores and BR in SCD, MCI, and AD subjects. Conclusion: Increased BR in MCI likely reflects early compensatory mechanisms occurring before AD, whereas decreased BR in AD suggests dopaminergic system involvement in this condition.

scholarly journals Elevated Angiopoietin-1 Serum Levels in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Schreitmüller ◽  
Thomas Leyhe ◽  
Elke Stransky ◽  
Niklas Köhler ◽  
Christoph Laske
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Angiopoietin 1

Background. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. AD is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and by massive neuronal loss in the brain. There is epidemiologic and pathologic evidence that AD is associated with vascular risk factors and vascular diseases, contributing to cerebral hypoperfusion with consecutive stimulation of angiogenesis and upregulation of proangiogenic factors such as Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1).Methods. In the present study, we measured Ang-1 serum levels in 42 patients with AD, 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in 40 healthy elderly controls by ELISA.Results. We found significantly increased Ang-1 serum levels in patients with AD compared to control subjects(P=0.003). There was no significant difference between MCI patients and healthy controls(P=0.553)or between AD and MCI patients(P=0.054). The degree of cognitive impairment as measured by the mini-mental status examination (MMSE) score was significantly correlated with the Ang-1 serum levels in all patients and healthy controls.Conclusions. We found significantly increased Ang-1 serum levels in AD patients. We could also show an association between Ang-1 serum levels and the cognitive status in all patients and healthy controls. Thus, serum Ang-1 could be a potential candidate for a biomarker panel for AD diagnosis.

scholarly journals Validity Evidence for the Research Category, “Cognitively Unimpaired – Declining,” as a Risk Marker for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Langhough Koscik ◽  
Bruce P. Hermann ◽  
Samantha Allison ◽  
Lindsay R. Clark ◽  
Erin M. Jonaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Clinically Significant

While clinically significant cognitive impairment is the key feature of the symptomatic stages of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum, subtle cognitive decline is now known to occur years before a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia due to AD is made. The primary aim of this study was to examine criterion validity evidence for an operational definition of “cognitively unimpaired-declining” (CU-D) in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP), a longitudinal cohort study following cognition and risk factors from mid-life and on. Cognitive status was determined for each visit using a consensus review process that incorporated internal norms and published norms; a multi-disciplinary panel reviewed cases first to determine whether MCI or dementia was present, and subsequently whether CU-D was present, The CU-D group differed from CU-stable (CU-S) and MCI on concurrent measures of cognition, demonstrating concurrent validity. Participants who changed from CU-S to CU-D at the next study visit demonstrated greater declines than those who stayed CU-S. In addition, those who were CU-D were more likely to progress to MCI or dementia than those who were CU-S (predictive validity). In a subsample with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, the CU-D group also differed from the CU-S and MCI/Dementia groups on measures of amyloid and tau burden, indicating that biomarker evidence of AD was elevated in those showing sub-clinical (CU-D) decline. Together, the results corroborate other studies showing that cognitive decline begins long before a dementia diagnosis and indicate that operational criteria can detect subclinical decline that may signal AD or other dementia risk.

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