scholarly journals Feasibility study for the use of variable air volume systems for office buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
A. Moskvitina ◽  
M.  Shyshyna ◽  
M. Korchminskyi
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

The main factor contributing to greenhouse gas emissions is the building up of the surrounding area. Studies have shown that buildings globally consume 30-40 % of energy use and release 40-50 % of global carbon dioxide emissions. Among all systems in houses, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are by far the most energy intensive. They consume approximately 50 % of the total energy demand of buildings. However, the systems are some of the most important systems in today's buildings. The number of these systems that are being installed has increased dramatically over the past few years. This is mainly due to the increasing demands for thermal energy, comfort and climate change. This paper presents a feasibility and ecology study between two ventilation or air-conditioning systems: constant air volume (CAV) and variable air volume (VAV). One of the purposes of this work is to determine the energy costs for each of the systems. An air conditioning system that saves operating costs usually requires a large initial investment. In this case, engineers must decide whether it is worth paying the additional upfront costs for a system that has lower operating costs. Despite the low attractiveness from the point of view of the investor, the VAV systems reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions and the amount of energy resources for servicing the commercial sector. Such system have less metal consumption. Thus, the cost of metal processing is also reduced. The results of this study can contribute to the future selection of ventilation systems, as well as contribute to the design and improvement of the systems under study. Energy saving is one of the main reasons why VAV systems are very popular today for the design of ventilation and air conditioning systems for office buildings and in many industries abroad. With these systems, the volume of transported air is reduced as soon as the operating load falls below the maximum projected load. The calculation of emissions of harmful substances into the environment was made while ensuring the operation of CAV and VAV systems.

scholarly journals GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH TWO AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS FOR A UNIVERSITY BUILDING

2021 ◽  
pp. 100371
Author(s):  
Lígia da Costa Garcia ◽  
Dener Delmiro Martins ◽  
Rafaela Ramos Barbosa ◽  
Monica Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Farming Facts

Eating Earth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kemmerer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Dietary Choice ◽  
Ocean Environment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Cheap meat, dairy, and eggs are an illusion—we pay for each with depleted forests, polluted freshwater, soil degradation, and climate change. Diet is the most critical decision we make with regard to our environmental footprint—and what we eat is a choice that most of us make every day, several times a day. Dietary choice contributes powerfully to greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and water pollution. Animal agriculture is responsible for an unnerving quantity of greenhouse gas emissions. Eating animal products—yogurt, ice cream, bacon, chicken salad, beef stroganoff, or cheese omelets—greatly increases an individual’s contribution to carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions. Collectively, dietary choice contributes to a classic “tragedy of the commons.” Much of the atmosphere’s carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed by the earth’s oceans and plants, but a large proportion lingers in the atmosphere—unable to be absorbed by plants or oceans (“Effects”). Plants are not harmed by this process, but the current overabundance of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causes acidification of the earth’s oceans. As a result of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, the “acidity of the world’s ocean may increase by around 170% by the end of the century,” altering ocean ecosystems, and likely creating an ocean environment that is inhospitable for many life forms (“Expert Assessment”). Burning petroleum also leads to wars that devastate human communities and annihilate landscapes and wildlife—including endangered species and their vital habitats. Additionally, our consumption of petroleum is linked with oil spills that ravage landscapes, shorelines, and ocean habitat. Oil pipelines run through remote, fragile areas—every oil tanker represents not just the possibility but the probability of an oil spill. As reserves diminish, our quest for fossil fuels is increasingly environmentally devastating: Canada’s vast reserves of tar sands oil—though extracted, transported, and burned only with enormous costs to the environment—are next in line for extraction. Consuming animal products creates ten times more fossil fuel emission per calorie than does consuming plant foods directly (Oppenlander 18). (This is the most remarkable given that plant foods are not generally as calorically dense as animal foods.) Ranching is the greatest GHGE offender.

scholarly journals Development of Low Carbon Cities: Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Energy Facilities in Irkutsk City

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
E. Maysyuk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
City Management ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The City

Decrease in greenhouse gas emissions is a current trend in solving the climate change problems. The concept of low-carbon cities is extensively discussed nowadays. It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through integrated mechanisms and measures, which comply with socio-economic development and city management. Since a considerable part of the population lives in cities, the utmost goal of the study is to analyze the situation with emissions of the main greenhouse gas, i.e., carbon dioxide, in the urban environment. The major sources of carbon dioxide emissions are stationary energy facilities of different capacities burning fuel. The paper considers the city of Irkutsk as an example of the populated area included in the study on low carbon cities under the auspices of the Social and Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific of the UN - UNESCAP. The first stage of the studies involved assessing the current carbon dioxide emissions from energy facilities of the city through the calculation of carbon dioxide emissions from boiler houses and the city cogeneration plant for 1990. The findings revealed the potential of reducing carbon dioxide emissions from energy facilities in Irkutsk. The paper suggests the basic directions and measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the urban energy facilities.

U.S. Public Support to Climate Change Initiatives?

2016 ◽  
pp. 605-624
Author(s):  
Mary Schmeida ◽  
Ramona Sue McNeal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Change Initiatives ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Emission Limits

The Obama Administration Climate Action Plan is enforcing goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions below 2005 levels by 2020, regulating both stationary and mobile sources of pollution. As energy-related carbon dioxide emissions account for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions, the plan proposed carbon pollution standards for both new and existing plants. Impacts related to upgraded regulations have been projected as both favorable and not, with public and political opinions showing support among some groups and among other interests a concern. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze factors predicting which groups are supportive and non-supportive on setting stricter carbon dioxide emission limits on coal-fired electricity generating power plants. This topic is explored using multivariate regression analysis and individual level data. Findings suggest that comprehension of the policy area and individual financial situation are the most important factors in predicting support for stricter emission limits.

scholarly journals Experimental analysis of fuzzy controlled energy efficient demand controlled ventilation economizer cycle variable air volume air conditioning system

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parameshwaran Rajagopalan ◽  
Karunakaran Rajasekaran ◽  
Senthilkumar Alagarsamy ◽  
S. Iniyan ◽  
Mohal Lal
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Demand Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

In the quest for energy conservative building design, there is now a great opportunity for a flexible and sophisticated air conditioning system capable of addressing better thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and energy efficiency, that are strongly desired. The variable refrigerant volume air conditioning system provides considerable energy savings, cost effectiveness and reduced space requirements. Applications of intelligent control like fuzzy logic controller, especially adapted to variable air volume air conditioning systems, have drawn more interest in recent years than classical control systems. An experimental analysis was performed to investigate the inherent operational characteristics of the combined variable refrigerant volume and variable air volume air conditioning systems under fixed ventilation, demand controlled ventilation, and combined demand controlled ventilation and economizer cycle techniques for two seasonal conditions. The test results of the variable refrigerant volume and variable air volume air conditioning system for each techniques are presented. The test results infer that the system controlled by fuzzy logic methodology and operated under the CO2 based mechanical ventilation scheme, effectively yields 37% and 56% per day of average energy-saving in summer and winter conditions, respectively. Based on the experimental results, the fuzzy based combined system can be considered to be an alternative energy efficient air conditioning scheme, having significant energy-saving potential compared to the conventional constant air volume air conditioning system.

USING A CARBON TAX TO MEET US INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE PLEDGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950002 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUNGUANG CHEN ◽  
MARC A. C. HAFSTEAD
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Climate

The United States is currently on pace to fall well short of its promises to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 26–28%, relative to 2005, by 2025, under the UN Framework and Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Paris Agreement, even if President Trump did not eliminate most Obama-era climate regulations. However, there still exists interest in reducing emissions, especially from some members of Congress, and there are a number of federal policy options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions if Congress (or a new administration in 2021) so chooses. In this paper, we show that a federal economy-wide carbon tax on US carbon dioxide emissions could significantly contribute to the reductions necessary to fulfill the US international climate commitments. Using a detailed multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, we predict the carbon price paths that would be necessary to meet the 28% emissions target and show the economic costs of such carbon-pricing policies. We then demonstrate how both the price paths and associated costs change if action is delayed.

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