scholarly journals Ways to improve the environmental safety of the urbanized environment in connection with the Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Тetiana I. Kryvomaz ◽  
Dmytro V. Varavin
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Environment Parameters ◽  
Modern Technologies

Pandemics of the past have caused all major urban transformations and have affected architecture, design, and infrastructure. The built environment is formed under the influence of diseases and precautions designed to ensure the population's health, hygiene, and comfort. Construction trends have always reflected the ability to evolve after the crisis, and in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the most vulnerable to the risk of infection was densely populated cities. Creating an environmentally safe environment to withstand epidemics and other possible emergencies requires a radical overhaul of planning theories and new urban space models. It is necessary to increase the spatial functionality and decentralization of megacities by increasing the potential of micromobility and new transport strategies. Emergency modeling with the help of digital technologies allows for creating an operational system of response and forecasting various scenarios of development of ecologically dangerous situations. High-quality criteria for the built environment parameters, which are used in green construction, aimed at preserving human health, are becoming relevant. Strategies include increasing natural light, improving ventilation, eliminating hazards from the air and surfaces, using natural materials, and landscaping. Modern technologies provide various automatic cleaning strategies with the use of built-in devices for sanitary spraying, disinfecting lighting, and temperature treatment of premises, contactless building management technologies.

scholarly journals Zero Budget Natural Farming in India: Aiming Back to the Basics

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Saikat Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Natural Farming

Crisis of Indian agriculture is very pertinent at this moment as green revolution is gradually losing its hope. Excessive, pointless exploitation of broods of green revolution has left bad footprints on country’s food security and environmental safety. With the motto to ensure food security by reviving Indian agriculture in environmentally safe way as well as to release farmers from debt cycle and suicides, zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) has come in the picture, which discards uses of all the chemical farming inputs and relies on natural way of farming i.e. rejuvenating soil and crop health through its own practices (Jivamrita, Bijamrita, mulching, soil aeration, intercropping, crop diversification, bunds, bio-pesticides etc.). ZBNF movement right now is the most popular agrarian movement which begun in 2002 in Karnataka and later successfully spread in many states (specially, of South India) of the nation through numbers of trainings, demonstrations and various promotional activities. Successful outcomes from farmers’ fields of south Indian states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka etc. are encouraging and grabbing attention of farmers, public and private organisations towards ZBNF in recent times. Yet, various controversies regarding its transparency,      inadequate information, efficacy, practices, idealisms, even the term ‘zero budget’ etc. have agglutinated around ZBNF over the years since it debuted. Critics in fact have cited several references of drastic yield reductions with ZBNF practices in many places. Adequate scientific evaluation or monitoring of ZBNF’s successes or failures through multi-locational trials is now therefore the needful before allowing or restraining its run in Indian agriculture.

scholarly journals Wpływ kapitału społecznego mieszkańców na kształtowanie przestrzeni wspólnych w środowisku mieszkaniowym

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Anna Cudny
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
National Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Influence of social capital of inhabitants on shaping common spaces in a housing environment The last two decades of the century have brought unusually many changes in the built environment. These include not only changes directly related to the emergence of a new urban fabric, but also changes in social attitudes towards common spaces located in residential areas. The built environment has never been evaluated so strongly. This assessment translates not only into the everyday outdoor activities of residents (necessary, optional and social activities), but also to economic projects (purchase, sale and rental of real estate). At the same time, the city ceases to be, as it has been so far, mainly subjected to criticism, and the residents are gradually changing their demanding attitude concerning the development of space to participate in the process of its creation. Society wants to have a real impact on urban space, especially on the space closest to them. Thus, the right to the city is no longer a privilege or a duty, but it becomes a need. Trying to meet this need results in a phenomenon which we can increasingly observe in Poland, and which we have been witnessing abroad for many years: activities in public space are changing into activities for public space. They include the transformation of common spaces related to the place of residence—improving their aesthetic quality, functional changes, modernization of development elements. Observing numerous examples of public participation in shaping public spaces, it was noticed that the initiation, course and effects of activities largely depend on the social capital of the group undertaking said activity. Accordingly, there is a need for research on the mutual relation between the level of social capital and the issue of shaping and managing public space with the participation of local communities, which will be the main topic of the paper. To investigate the above-mentioned issue, qualitative research methods were used in relation to the relationship: site visit, non-participant observation and focus interviews. This contributed to a comparative study of three selected Warsaw case studies. They were analysed in terms of meeting the qualitative criteria selected for the study. These criteria have been indicated on the basis of the Social Capital Development Strategy 2020, which is one of the parts of the Medium-Term National Development Strategy. The result of the analyses is an indication of derived factors from within the group of space users and external factors that have a positive and negative impact on initiating, carrying out and maintaining the effects of changes in common spaces developed with the participation of local communities in Polish conditions. The conclusions can be used to improve future participation processes related to urban space - both by non-professionals participating in them, as well as experts - architects and town planners.

Enshrining Terror for the Nation: Affect and Nationalism at the National September 11 Memorial and Museum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Gruenewald
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Affective Intensity ◽  
Excessive Number ◽  
Memorial Space

Abstract The National September 11 Memorial and Museum (9/11 MM) employs affective rhetoric to enshrine the trauma of September 11 in support of U.S. nationalism. Applying Brian Massumi's understanding of affect as intensity, I examine how the site's rhetoric amplifies affect. The memorial pools and many signifiers of destruction magnify affective intensity through scale and repetition. The 9/11 MM continues its affective onslaught through an excessive number of shocking visuals and narrative details in its historical exhibition. The site’s affective intensity culminates in a non-linear and non-narrative memorial space of seemingly infinite individualized mourning. The article discusses the site's political and social impact by considering Nigel Thrift's idea of affect in the built environment as imbedded thought and Georg Böhme's theory of atmosphere, understood as the reciprocal relationship between affective urban space and its impact on people.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ БЕЗОПАСНОГО ВОДОРЕСУРСНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ АГРОЛАНДШАФТОВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
V.B. Zhezmer ◽  
A.O. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Database Structure ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Разработка принципов экологически безопасной эксплуатации агроландшафта при условии обеспечения оросительной водой не только используемых в настоящее время орошаемых площадей, но и выбывших из оборота мелиорированных земель, является актуальной и востребованной. Экологическая безопасность водообеспечения предполагает как экономию водных ресурсов, так и повышение безопасности эксплуатации гидромелиоративных систем (ГМС). В статье обоснована необходимость, с целью обеспечения безопасности гидротехнических сооружений, создания системы автоматизированного ведения мониторинга гидротехнических сооружений (ГТС) на основе современных веб-технологий, представлена концептуальная модель системы мониторинга, а также структура базы данных и принципы работы с массивами информации.The development of the principles of the environmentally safe operation of the agro-landscap, provided that irrigated water is provided not only for the currently used irrigated areas, but also all reclaimed land, is relevant and in demand. Environmental safety of water supply involves both saving water resources and improving the safety of the operation of irrigation and drainage systems (HMS). The article substantiates the need, in order to ensure the safety of hydraulic structures, the creation of a system for automated monitoring of hydraulic structures (GTS) based on modern web technologies, presents a conceptual model of a monitoring system, as well as a database structure and principles for working with arrays of information.

Purification of Water from Fluoride Ions by a Lanthanum-Containing Ceramic Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Chukhlanov ◽  
O.G. Selivanov ◽  
E.S. Pikalov ◽  
C.M. Chesnokova ◽  
A.A. Podolets
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Purification Of Water

Studies have been carried out to create a lanthanum-containing ceramic material that can be used to purify water from fluoride ions. A composition was developed for the preparation of a ceramic material, the physico-mechanical characteristics of its samples were determined, and their binding capacity to fluoride ions was investigated. There was researched environmental safety of a material. It is proved that when 6% by weight of lanthanum carbonate is added to the charge, an environmentally safe material for cleaning aqueous systems with a fluoride ion content of up to 10 mg/l can be obtained. It has been established that this material can be used with sufficient efficiency to purify water from phosphate ions.

scholarly journals Do–It–Yourself Urban Design: The Social Practice of Informal “Improvement” Through Unauthorized Alteration

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon C. C. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Do It Yourself ◽  
Analytical Category

There are numerous ways in which people make illegal or unauthorized alterations to urban space. This study identifies and analyzes one that has been largely ignored in social science: explicitly functional and civic–minded informal contributions that I call “do–it–yourself urban design.” The research, which began as an investigation into more “traditional” nonpermissable alterations, uncovered these cases—from homemade bike lanes and street signs to guerrilla gardens and development proposals—that are gaining visibility in many cities, yet are poorly accounted for by existing perspectives in the literature. This article examines the existing theories and evidence from interviews and other fieldwork in 14 cities in order to develop the new analytical category of DIY urban design. I present findings on the creators of these interventions, on their motivations to “improve” the built environment where they perceive government and other development actors to be failing, and on the concentration of their efforts in gentrifying areas. This introduces the possibility of conflict and complicates their impact. I argue that DIY urban design has wide–ranging implications for both local communities and broader urban policy.

RECONFIGURING THE “MIXED TOWN”: URBAN TRANSFORMATIONS OF ETHNONATIONAL RELATIONS IN PALESTINE AND ISRAEL

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Rabinowitz ◽  
Daniel Monterescu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Old City ◽  
Urban Transformations

Studies of Middle Eastern urbanism have traditionally been guided by a limited repertoire of tropes, many of which emphasize antiquity, confinement, and religiosity. Notions of the old city, the walled city, the casbah, the native quarter, and the medina, sometimes subsumed in the quintessential “Islamic city,” have all been part of Western scholarship's long-standing fascination with the region. Etched in emblematic “holy cities” like Jerusalem, Mecca, or Najaf, Middle Eastern urban space is heavily associated with the “sacred,” complete with mystical visions and assumptions of violent eschatologies and redemption.

Adelaide's Heart Transplant, 1970–88: 2. The ‘Transfer’ of Value within the Housing Market

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Badcock
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Urban Restructuring ◽  
Value Transfer ◽  
Differential Movement

Regression analysis is used to examine the interaction of a number of processes that are thought to be responsible for the geographical transfer of value within the built environment. These are derived from an account by Smith of the restructuring of urban space. The ‘transfer’ of value is imputed from the differential movement of house prices between 1970 and 1988 for geographical submarkets within the Adelaide Metropolitan Area. Although the interpretation of the regression models is complicated, the evidence for a tilting of the ‘value transfer’ gradient from an inner-outer bias, to an outer—inner bias, can be statistically inferred from the processes of restructuring that have redirected capital flows within the built environment of Australian cities such as Adelaide, Sydney, and Melbourne in the course of the last two decades. Thus the uneven capital formation that characterises urban restructuring and is ultimately capitalised into real changes in house prices is a significant source of the added wealth that is accumulated from homeownership. By this means it is possible to bridge the two ‘islands’ of theory: Smith's account of urban restructuring and Saunders's concern with the sources of wealth accumulation within the housing market.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF NORMATIVE SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AS A FACTOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF TOMSK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Yu. Pasechnik ◽  
◽  
L.N. Chilinger ◽  
A.G. Birulina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
System A ◽  
Number Of Factors

The article discusses the historical aspects of the design of sanitary protection zones. The current situation of industrial enterprises and their regulatory sanitary protection zones has been established based on the land use and development rules of Tomsk using the ArcCis geographic information system. A number of factors in the violation of urban space are noted and possible measures for its restoration are proposed.

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