ПРИНЦИПЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ БЕЗОПАСНОГО ВОДОРЕСУРСНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ АГРОЛАНДШАФТОВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
V.B. Zhezmer ◽  
A.O. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Web Technologies ◽  
Database Structure ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Разработка принципов экологически безопасной эксплуатации агроландшафта при условии обеспечения оросительной водой не только используемых в настоящее время орошаемых площадей, но и выбывших из оборота мелиорированных земель, является актуальной и востребованной. Экологическая безопасность водообеспечения предполагает как экономию водных ресурсов, так и повышение безопасности эксплуатации гидромелиоративных систем (ГМС). В статье обоснована необходимость, с целью обеспечения безопасности гидротехнических сооружений, создания системы автоматизированного ведения мониторинга гидротехнических сооружений (ГТС) на основе современных веб-технологий, представлена концептуальная модель системы мониторинга, а также структура базы данных и принципы работы с массивами информации.The development of the principles of the environmentally safe operation of the agro-landscap, provided that irrigated water is provided not only for the currently used irrigated areas, but also all reclaimed land, is relevant and in demand. Environmental safety of water supply involves both saving water resources and improving the safety of the operation of irrigation and drainage systems (HMS). The article substantiates the need, in order to ensure the safety of hydraulic structures, the creation of a system for automated monitoring of hydraulic structures (GTS) based on modern web technologies, presents a conceptual model of a monitoring system, as well as a database structure and principles for working with arrays of information.

Development of the principles of ecologically safety water resources support for agrolandscapes

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Alexey Shcherbakov ◽  
Valentin Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Process Control Systems ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Made In

The issues of environmental safety that arise during the provision of water resources for agrolandscapes, including reclaimed lands that are no longer in circulation, are considered. To maintain the safety of agrolandscapes, it is necessary to eliminate or minimize the factors leading to the violation of the ecological balance. If there is a mismatch between the need for irrigation and drainage facilities for water resources and the possibility of satisfying them, an adjustment is made in water consumption, which is reduced to saving irrigation water. For the longterm operation of HMS, it is necessary to develop environmental monitoring programs with forecasting and calculating the likelihood of emergencies. When managing the operation of the GTS in extreme mode, it is necessary to continuously obtain information, which is possible only when using automated monitoring data in combination with a decision support system. Ensuring sustainable growth in agricultural production is not possible without expanding the area of irrigated land, including reclaimed land that has been phased out. The commissioning of the abandoned lands of the agrolandscape often does not require the creation of new HMS, however, it assumes, despite the increased loads, ensuring their effective and environmentally safe functioning. Retired reclaimed lands should be put into operation only if the irrigation system of the agrolandscape is efficient and environmentally safe. Such functioning is ensured through the use of automated process control systems.

scholarly journals Regional water and environmental analysis of the Ural Federal District

2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 04012
Author(s):  
A.I. Semyachkov ◽  
V.A. Pochechun ◽  
K.A. Semyachkov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Regional Water

The article explains the need to diagnose the man-made impact on water resources as a priority task to ensure the environmental safety of the territory in order to develop a sound regional environmental policy in relation to the sustainable and environmentally safe use of water resources. The diagnostic results of the water and environmental situation in the Ural Federal District are provided.

scholarly journals System Modeling and Management of Water Resources in Ingulets Basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Olena Demchuk ◽  
Pavlo Kovalchuk ◽  
Roman Kovalenko ◽  
Volodymyr Kovalchuk ◽  
Hanna Balykhina
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
The Eu

Mathematical models have been developed for managing the water resources of the Ingulets River in accordance with the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive on the establishment of cost-effective water use with ensuring good or excellent ecological river status. The structural and functional diagram of the system model includes the subsystems: water supply by the Dnipro-Ingulets canal; flushing the Ingulets River from the Karachunivske reservoir and displacing the saline prism into the Dnipro River; environmental safety when discharging pollution into the river Ingulets; water supply for irrigation in the Ingulets irrigation system, prevention of soil salinization. Integrated management is carried out by subsystems, by types of management and by a system of criteria. A system of economic and environmental criteria for evaluating integrated management by the basin principle has been developed. Simulation of scenarios based on operational management is carried out. Scenarios are optimized according to the Pareto principle. An example of evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed control system and its comparison with the existing regulations for flushing the Ingulets River is given.

USE AND PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES OF AZERBAIJAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiz Tagirov ◽  
◽  
Maya Zeynalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Active Temperature

The article examines the problem of fresh water, since in terms of water supply from its own resources per capita and per 1 km2, the republic is 8 times behind Georgia, 2 times behind Armenia. Significant water consumption in Azerbaijan is caused by its arid territory with a predominance of active temperature and a lack of precipitation, which leads to intensive irrigation of crops. At the same time, artificial irrigation is used on 70% of the cultivated land.

Climate change impacts on water resources in a rural community in Limpopo province, South Africa: a community-based adaptation to water insecurity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-598
Author(s):  
Sejabaledi Agnes Rankoana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adaptation Practices ◽  
Community Based Adaptation

Purpose The study explored the impacts of climate change on water resources, and the community-based adaptation practices adopted to ensure water security in a rural community in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The participatory approach was used to allow community members to share their challenges of water scarcity, and the measures they have developed to cope with inconsistent water supply. Findings The study results show that the community obtains water for household consumption from the reticulation system supplied by Mutale River and the community borehole. These resources are negatively impacted by drought, change in the frequency and distribution of rainfall, and increased temperature patterns. The water levels in the river and borehole have declined, resulting in unsustainable water supply. The community-based adaptation practices facilitated by the water committee include observance of restrictions and regulations on the water resources use. Others involve securing water from neighbouring resources. Originality/value This type of community-based action in response to climate change could be used as part of rural water management strategies under climate change.

A retrospective assessment of water reclamation projects

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Mills ◽  
Takashi Asano
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
State Water ◽  
Local Water

Stimulated by droughts and inability to construct new freshwater projects, water suppliers in California, U.S.A. have taken a heightened interest in water reclamation in the last decade. Since 1980 the California State Water Resources Control Board has approved financial assistance to local water supply agencies to design and construct water reclamation facilities. Nineteen of these are now operating. There is an opportunity to assess how well projects are performing in relation to their planned objectives, in particular, deliveries of reclaimed water to users. Based on reports on many of these projects, it is found that two-thirds of the projects are delivering 75 percent or less of the expected amounts of water. Data are provided on project performance. A discussion is provided of the problems encountered on many of the projects that account for these deficiencies in yields and have caused other problems in implementation.

Integrated water resources management in the Ruhr River Basin, Germany

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bode ◽  
P. Evers ◽  
D.R. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The People

The Ruhr, with an average flow of 80.5 m3/s at its mouth, is a comparatively small tributary to the Rhine River that has to perform an important task: to secure the water supply of more than 5 million people and of the industry in the densely populated region north of the river. The complex water management system and network applied by the Ruhrverband in the natural Ruhr River Basin has been developed step by step, over decades since 1913. And from the beginning, its major goal has been to achieve optimal conditions for the people living in the region. For this purpose, a functional water supply and wastewater disposal infrastructure has been built up. The development of these structures required and still requires multi-dimensional planning and performance. Since the river serves as receiving water and at the same time as a source of drinking water, the above-standard efforts of Ruhrverband for cleaner water also help to conserve nature and wildlife. Ruhrverband has summed up its environmental awareness in the slogan: “For the people and for the environment”. This basic water philosophy, successfully applied to the Ruhr for more than 80 years, will be continued in accordance with the new European Water Framework Directive, enacted in 2000, which demands integrated water resources management in natural river basins, by including the good ecological status of surface waterbodies as an additional goal.

scholarly journals Analysing inter-relationships among water, governance, human development variables in developing countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 3791-3816 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dondeynaz ◽  
C. Carmona Moreno ◽  
J. J. Céspedes Lorente
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Discussion Section

Abstract. The "Integrated Water Resources Management" principle was formally laid down at the International Conference on Water and Sustainable development in Dublin 1992. One of the main results of this conference is that improving Water and Sanitation Services (WSS), being a complex and interdisciplinary issue, passes through collaboration and coordination of different sectors (environment, health, economic activities, governance, and international cooperation). These sectors influence or are influenced by the access to WSS. The understanding of these interrelations appears as crucial for decision makers in the water sector. In this framework, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) has developed a new database (WatSan4Dev database) containing 42 indicators (called variables in this paper) from environmental, socio-economic, governance and financial aid flows data in developing countries. This paper describes the development of the WatSan4Dev dataset, the statistical processes needed to improve the data quality, and finally, the analysis to verify the database coherence is presented. Based on 25 relevant variables, the relationships between variables are described and organised into five factors (HDP – Human Development against Poverty, AP – Human Activity Pressure on water resources, WR – Water Resources, ODA – Official Development Aid, CEC – Country Environmental Concern). Linear regression methods are used to identify key variables having influence on water supply and sanitation. First analysis indicates that the informal urbanisation development is an important factor negatively influencing the percentage of the population having access to WSS. Health, and in particular children's health, benefits from the improvement of WSS. Irrigation is also enhancing Water Supply service thanks to multi-purpose infrastructure. Five country profiles are also created to deeper understand and synthetize the amount of information gathered. This new classification of countries is useful in identifying countries with a less advanced position and weaknesses to be tackled. The relevance of indicators gathered to represent environmental and water resources state is questioned in the discussion section. The paper concludes with the necessity to increase the reliability of current indicators and calls for further research on specific indicators, in particular on water quality at national scale, in order to better include environmental state in analysis to WSS.

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