scholarly journals Macular edema after retinal vein occlusions. Macular morphometry and chorioretinal hemodynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
A.A. Fil' ◽  
◽  
E.L. Sorokin ◽  
O.V. Kolenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Ciliary Arteries ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusions

This review article summarizes current data on the pathogenesis of macular edema after retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) and patterns of macular morphometry and chorioretinal hemodynamics. RVOs account for 60% of acute vascular eye diseases. The major cause of vision loss in RVOs is macular edema which results from subclinical inflammation characterized by leukostasis and enhanced expression of adhesion molecules and production of cytokines increasing retinal capillary permeability. The association between the severity of macular edema and vitreous levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and VEGF) is established. Cystic lesions and detachment of the neuroepithelium (75%) are typical for macular edema after RVOs. Impaired chorioretinal hemodynamics (as demonstrated by a significant reduction of vascular density in the superficial and deep vascular plexus, significant decrease in peak diastolic flow velocity, and increase in resistivity index in the ophthalmic artery and short posterior ciliary arteries) is also reported. The paper addresses etiological factors of RVOs and pathogenesis of macular edema, technical tools for vital assessment of the retina, and choroidal/retinal hemodynamics. This provides great opportunities for a complex in-depth study of the development and course of macular edema to identify potential predictors of its development and persistence. Keywords: retinal vein occlusions, macular edema, morphometry, chorioretinal hemodynamics. For citation: Fil' A.A., Sorokin E.L., Kolenko O.V. Macular edema after retinal vein occlusions. Macular morphometry and chorioretinal hemodynamics. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(3):164–168 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-3- 164-168.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography (Angiography) Biomarkers in the Assessment and Monitoring of Diabetic Macular Edema

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Corina-Iuliana Suciu ◽  
Vlad-Ioan Suciu ◽  
Simona-Delia Nicoara
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Retinopathy is one of the most severe diabetes-related complications, and macular edema is the major cause of central vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. Significant progress has been made in recent years in optical coherence tomography and angiography technology. At the same time, various parameters have been attributed the role of biomarkers creating the frame for new monitoring and treatment strategies and offering new insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. In this review, we gathered the results of studies that investigated various specific OCT (angiography) parameters in diabetic macular edema, such as central subfoveal thickness (CST), cube average thickness (CAT), cube volume (CV), choroidal thickness (CT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), retinal thickness at the fovea (RTF), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), central macular thickness (CMT), choroidal vascularity index (CVI), total macular volume (TMV), central choroid thickness (CCT), photoreceptor outer segment (PROS), perfused capillary density (PCD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), subfoveal neuroretinal detachment (SND), hyperreflective foci (HF), disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL), ellipsoid zone (EZ), inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junctions, vascular density (VD), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and superficial capillary plexus (SCP), in order to provide a synthesis of biomarkers that are currently used for the early diagnosis, assessment, monitoring, and outlining of prognosis.

scholarly journals Changes in Macular Microvascular Structure in Macular Edema Secondary to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Treated with Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor for One Year

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shuang Song ◽  
Xiaobing Yu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Hong Dai
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
One Year ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Ranibizumab Treatment

Purpose. To observe the changes in macular microvascular structure and the correlation between anatomy and visual function in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor for one year. Methods. This prospective study enrolled 39 patients (one eye per patient) who received intravitreal injections of ranibizumab for macular edema secondary to BRVO. All patients received a minimum of 3 initial monthly ranibizumab injections and criteria-driven pro re nata (PRN) dosing thereafter for visual acuity (VA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) stabilization. The follow-up period of this study was one year. The vascular density (VD) of the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP), the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, the FAZ perimeter, the VD within a 300 μm wide ring surrounding the FAZ (FD-300), and the acircularity index (AI) were measured automatically by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at baseline, month 6, and month 12. Results. Compared with those before treatment, the VD of the SCP significantly decreased 6 months after treatment ( P < 0.05 ), while the area and perimeter of the FAZ increased significantly ( P < 0.01 ). After 12 months of treatment, the area and perimeter of the FAZ increased significantly ( P < 0.01 ). There was no significant difference in any parameters between 12 months and 6 months after treatment ( P > 0.05 ). The change in BCVA was negatively correlated with the VD of the SCP at 12 months ( P = 0.0447 , r = −0.3233). There was a relationship between the DBP and AI, and CRT was related to VD of DCP at baseline ( P = 0.028 ,   0.0209 ; r = 0.383, −0.384). The PERIM and AI at 12 months were significantly associated with the recurrence of macular edema, and the changes in vascular density in the SCP and PERIM were significantly associated with the number of injections within 12 months ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusions. One year after ranibizumab treatment, the area and perimeter of the FAZ were enlarged, while the VD of the SCP and DCP remained stable, which indicated that ranibizumab treatment did not improve macular blood supply and macular ischemia in BRVO patients.

Synergism Effects of Ursolic Acid Supplementation on the Levels of Irisin, C-reactive Protein, IL-6, and TNF-α During High-intensity Resistance Training in Low Activity Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Asghari ◽  
Amir Rashidlamir ◽  
Seyyed R.A. Hosseini ◽  
Mahtab Moazzami ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Current Data ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Low Activity

Background:: Ursolic Acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid which is extracted from plants. UA may enhance the effect of Resistance Training (RT) in human. Objective: Current research was designed to show the effect of High-Intensity Resistance Training (HIRT) in the presence or absence of UA on the serum levels of irisin, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the low activity men. Method:: The study included twenty-two healthy male HIRT with placebo, supplementation, and HIRT in the presence of UA supplementation. The two groups received eight-week intervention including 2 sets of 8 exercises, with 8~10 repetitions at 70~75% of 1 repetition maximum and a 2 min rest interval between sets, performed 3 times/week. Placebo or UA orally was evaluated as 1 capsule 3 times/day during 8 weeks. The subsequent factors were measured post- and preintervention: C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Irisin, Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results:: UA supplementation significantly increased the plasma levels of irisin in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05). UA treatment also dramatically decreased the plasma levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in the HIRT+UA group versus the HIRT+P group (p<0.05). Conclusion:: The current data showed that UA-induced an increase in serum irisin and reduction of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α may have beneficial effects as a chemical for increasing of the effects of HIRT in low activity men.

Differential expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IGF-1 by graded mechanical stress in normal rat myocardium

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. H926-H934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano A. Palmieri ◽  
Giulio Benincasa ◽  
Francesca Di Rella ◽  
Cosma Casaburi ◽  
Maria G. Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Mechanical Stretch ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Rat Myocardium ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Necrosis Factor

An isovolumic normal rat heart Langendorff model was used to examine the effects of moderate (15 mmHg) and severe (35 mmHg) mechanical stretch on the time course (from 0 to 60 min) of myocardial expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and their cognate receptors. After 10 min of moderate stretch, TNF-α was de novo expressed, whereas constitutive IL-6 and IGF-1 levels were slightly upregulated; no further changes occurred up to 60 min. In comparison, severe stretch resulted in a higher and progressive increase in TNF-α, IL-6, and IGF-1 expression up to 20 min. After 20 min, whereas TNF-α expression further increased, IL-6 and IGF-1 levels progressively reduced to values lower than those observed under moderate stretch and in unstretched (5 mmHg) control myocardium (IL-6). Mechanical stretch did not significantly alter the expression of the cognate receptors. Indeed, the TNF-α receptor (p55) tended to be progressively upregulated under severe stretch over time. The current data provide the first demonstration that TNF-α, IL-6, and IGF-1 ligand-receptor systems are differentially expressed within the normal rat myocardium in response to graded mechanical stretch. Such findings may have potential implications with regard to compensatory hypertrophy and failure.

scholarly journals Endothelial cells derived from patients with diabetic macular edema recapitulate clinical evaluations of anti-VEGF responsiveness through the Neuronal Pentraxin 2 pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
Marta Vila Gonzalez ◽  
Magdalini Eleftheriadou ◽  
Sophia Kelaini ◽  
Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
First Year ◽  
Differential Outcomes ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Neuronal Pentraxin

Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. DME is commonly treated with intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) neutralising antibodies. Anti-VEGFs are effective but not all patients fully respond to them. Given their potential side effects, inconvenience and high cost, identifying who may not respond appropriately to anti-VEGFs and why is essential. <p>Herein, we determine first the response to anti-VEGFs in a cohort of DME patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans obtained throughout the first year of treatment. We found that in 28% of eyes full clearance of fluid occurred at any time during the first year (“full responders”); in 66% fluid cleared only partly (“partial responders”); in 6% fluid remained unchanged (“non-responders”). To understand this differential response, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) from “full responders” and “non-responders” and from diabetic subjects with no DME and age-matched non-diabetic volunteers and differentiated them into endothelial cells (iPS-ECs). Monolayers of iPS-ECs derived from diabetics showed marked and prolonged increased permeability upon exposure to VEGF when compared with non-diabetic controls; the response was significantly exaggerated in iPS-ECs from “non-responders” when compared with “full responders”. Moreover, phosphorylation of key cellular proteins in response to VEGF, including VEGFR2, and gene expression profiles, such as Neuronal Pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) expression, differed between “full responders” and “non-responders”. </p> <p>In the current study, iPS were used to predict patient response to anti-VEGF and identify key mechanisms underpinning the differential outcomes observed in the clinic. This approach has identified NPTX2 as playing a significant role in patient-linked responses and has potential as a new therapeutic target for DME. </p>

scholarly journals Bilateral juxtapapillary choroidal neovascularization secondary to Birdshot chorioretinopathy -- case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sania Vidas Pauk ◽  
Nenad Vukojević ◽  
Sonja Jandroković ◽  
Miro Kalauz ◽  
Martina Tomić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Choroidal Neovascularization ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Central Vision ◽  
Birdshot Chorioretinopathy ◽  
Central Vision Loss ◽  
The Right

Central vision loss, photopsia, floaters and macular edema in a highly myopic patient can easily be misrelated to high myopia complications. However, in atypical cases, detailed examination along with a thorough diagnostic is required to establish the right diagnosis, which is often beyond the limits of the condition originally considered.

scholarly journals Management of Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Marieta Dumitrache ◽  
Rodica Lascu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Tractional Retinal Detachment ◽  
Clinically Significant Macular Edema ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Photocoagulation Laser

Management in D.R. through prophylactic treatment (maintaining a glycemic level as close as possible to normal, control hypertension <150/85 mmHg, hyperlipidemia) and curative treatment of D.R. does not cure the disease, but may slow the evolution of D.M. and D.R. AntiVEGF agents are indicated as adjuvant therapy in pan-photocoagulation laser and / or vitrectomy in patients with DR to block angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF. All antiVEGF agents are an effective treatment for the clinically significant macular edema. Photocoagulation laser is a treatment of choice in preproliferative and proliferative DR and an effective treatment of diabetic macular edema. The indications for laser treatment in diabetic retinopathy are related to the incidence, evolution of neovessels, duration of diabetes, HbA1c level, presence of macular edema, stage of DR. The laser for macular lesions reduces the risk of vision loss in the eyes with incipient and moderate non-proliferative DR and macular edema concomitant; the laser should be applied to all patients with clinically significant macular edema. Vitrectomy in proliferative DR is indicated in vitreous hemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment in order to remove the vitreous hermorrhage and excision of tractional preretinal membranes.

scholarly journals Bevacizumab Treatment and Treatment Regimes in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion and Macular Edema

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Keyword(s):  
Macular Edema ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Steroid Injections ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Bevacizumab Treatment ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Retinal Vein Occlusions

Macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusions is a significant complication affecting the vision. Medical treatment of retinal vein occlusions first started with intraocular steroid injections and then enriched with intraocular Anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) injections. But till now the length and frequency of therapy have not been defined clearly. In this review, the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion and macular edema will be summarized in light of the current literature.

scholarly journals Real-world outcomes of two-year Conbercept therapy for diabetic macular edema

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-422
Author(s):  
Yong Cheng ◽  
◽  
Ming-Wei Zhao ◽  
Tong Qian ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Injections ◽  
Best Corrected Visual Acuity

AIM: To evaluate the two-year outcomes of patients treated for diabetic macular edema (DME) with intravitreal Conbercept (IVC). METHODS: The clinical data of 30 DME patients (36 eyes) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were treated with IVC for 3mo. Additional IVC was given at subsequent monthly visits, if needed (3+PRN). The patients were followed up for 24mo. RESULTS: The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 24mo significantly increased (66.7±15.3 letters) in comparison with the baseline (54.4±15.4 letters, P<0.0001). The mean improvement in BCVA was 11.0±2.9 letters. At 24mo, 44.1% of the eyes surveyed gained ≥15 letters, 52.9% of the eyes gained ≥10 letters, and 70.6% of the eyes gained ≥5 letters. No vision loss was noted in 96.8% of the eyes, and 5.9% of the eyes lost ≥5 letters, but ≤10 letters. The central retinal thickness (CRT) at 24mo was significantly reduced (277.1±122.9 μm) in comparison with the baseline (510.9±186.1 μm, P<0.0001). At 24mo, 43.3% of the patients had a CRT ≤250 μm. The mean number of injections over 24mo was 10.6±2.0. No severe eye or systemic adverse events related to either the drug or injection were noted. CONCLUSION: IVC is safe and effective for the treatment of DME.

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