scholarly journals Verdichtungen zweiter Ordnung

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (147) ◽  
pp. 217-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Brand ◽  
Christoph Görg ◽  
Markus Wissen

This article develops an understanding of the internationalisation of the state, inspired by critical approaches to state theory, regulation theory and the concept of scale which was developed in critical geography. International state apparatuses and the integral state – in an Gramscian sense – are analysed with the concept of a „material condensation of societal power relations of second order“. The example of international environmental politics is briefly developed and some open questions for research and emancipatory politics are formulated.

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (147) ◽  
pp. 273-288
Author(s):  
Miriam Heigl

How can structural aspects as well as agency be taken into consideration when analyzing states in dependent societies? The application of important critical approaches such as dependency theory and the state derivation debate as well as the mainstream discussion on failed states remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, an alternative critical approach is proposed which draws from regulation theory, gramscian ideas and the materialist state theory developed by Poulantzas. The value of such an approach is illustrated with regard to the Mexican transition towards neoliberalism and the transformation of the Mexican developmental state towards a competition state.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Romilson Silva Sousa

A grande mortalidade de negros e pobres em nossa contemporaneidade, abre uma reflexão sobre a vida, a ética e a justiça e suas relações com a necropolítica nos forçando a repensar o Estado e sua racionalidade ético-civilizatória (SOUSA, 2020b). Compreender o Estado, a Ciência Política e seus arquétipos é necessário para entendermos as origens das relações de poder e as relações étnico-raciais que marcaram e marcam a formação e a reprodução da iniquidade na história da raça humana. Denunciada pela literatura marginal dos pesquisadores e intelectuais negros (SOUZA, 2000) a literatura oficial carece de suplementação de outras perspectivas. Considerando que apesar de tradições historiográficas diferentes, tanto para Nietzsche como para Foucault e Paul Ricoeur, a verdade é histórica, pensar a interdisciplinaridade entre história, filosofia e literatura, implica em construir um tipo de genealogia das relações de poder sob a ótica de uma ética que é civilizatória e epistêmica. Considerando que as narrativas míticas podem recompor um saber eticamente comprometido com novas epistemologias e novas perspectivas interpretativas. Deste modo a importância da literatura mítica (SOUSA, 2020, 2020b) para a recomposição epistemológica de discursos na literatura bíblica. Uma pergunta foi o ponto de partida: quais as contribuições da literatura mítica para a compreensão da Ciência Política? Nosso objetivo então foi identificar aspectos da literatura mítica capaz de contribuir para uma outra interpretação para a ciência política. Tivemos por objetivos específicos: compreender a razão e a racionalidade de estado; analisar a racionalidade ético-civilizatória no Estado; identificar o papel dos arquétipos na literatura mítica e suas contribuições para a formação do Estado.  Partindo dos processos de formação histórico-cultural e da dialética presente nas relações étnico-raciais nas racionalidades ético-civilizatórios, a literatura mítica (SOUSA, 2020) utilizamos como referências principais no estudo da cultura e civilização egípcia:  Camara (2011), Diop (1974, 1991, 2014). Serviram também como fonte de pesquisa bibliográfica a literatura bíblica e a egípcia. Utilizamos uma metodologia baseada na bricolagem (KINCHELOE & BERRY, 2007). Sugerimos em nosso trabalho sugere a necessidade de considerarmos a literatura mítica na análise das relações entre poder e o Estado, a partir dessa literatura como um lócus epistêmico para a outra compreensão da materialidade teoria do Estado. AbstractThe high mortality of blacks and the poor in our contemporaneity opens a reflection on life, ethics and justice and its relations with the necropolitics, forcing us to rethink the State and its ethical-civilizing rationality (SOUSA, 2020b). Understanding the State, Political Science and its archetypes is necessary to understand the origins of power relations and the ethnic-racial relations that have marked and mark the formation and reproduction of inequity in the history of the human race. Denounced by the marginal literature of black researchers and intellectuals (SOUZA, 2000), the official literature needs supplementation from other perspectives. Considering that despite different historiographical traditions, both for Nietzsche and for Foucault and Paul Ricoeur, the truth is historical, thinking about the interdisciplinarity between history, philosophy and literature, implies building a kind of genealogy of power relations from the perspective of an ethics which is civilizing and epistemic. Considering that mythic narratives can recompose knowledge ethically committed to new epistemologies and new interpretative perspectives. Thus, the importance of mythical literature (SOUSA, 2020, 2020b) for the epistemological recomposition of discourses in biblical literature. One question was the starting point: what are the contributions of mythical literature to the understanding of Political Science? Our aim, then, was to identify aspects of mythical literature capable of contributing to another interpretation for political science. We had for specific objectives: to understand the reason and rationality of state; to analyze the ethical-civilizing rationality in the State; to identify the role of archetypes in mythical literature and their contributions to the formation of the State. Starting from the processes of cultural historical formation and the dialectic present in the ethnic-racial relations in the ethical-civilizing rationalities, the mythical literature (SOUSA, 2020) we used as main references in the study of Egyptian culture and civilization: Camara (2011), Diop (1974, 1991, 2014). Biblical and Egyptian literature also served as a source of bibliographic research. We use a methodology based on DIY (KINCHELOE & BERRY, 2007). We suggest in our work suggests the need to consider mythical literature in the analysis of the relations between power and the State, from that literature as an epistemic locus for the other understanding of the State theory materiality.


2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Görg ◽  
Ulrich Brand

This article analyses the complex interconnections between global environmental politics and trade politics against the background of biodiversity politics. Genetic resources are one of the most important inputs in post-Fordist economies: they are the raw materials of the new biotechnology companies. The system of global environmental governance that has emerged in recent years was established by a number of international institutions and organizations to serve as a political-institutional framework for emerging global markets. To date, this system has not proved to be an effective regulative framework. On the contrary, it is highly contradictory and contested. We develop theoretical and empirical arguments why and in which form the transforming national state remains crucial in global environmental politics. We call this transformation the “internationalization of the state.” It is argued that the emerging post-Fordist relationships with nature, as a highly contested process, are stabilized by a new kind of global political regulation and domination. This article is theoretically informed by the concept of “societal relationships with nature,” regulation and critical state theory as well as Gramsci's concept of hegemony.


2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (133) ◽  
pp. 625-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Görg ◽  
Markus Wissen

Current interpretation about an end of multilateralism and of neoliberalist globalisation at all lacks a sufficient understanding of international institutions. Neither was multilateralism in the 1990ties a functional problem-solving approach to global crises nor can the growing tendencies toward unilateralism today renounce the background of multilateral institutions. Both interpretations miss the specific character of global domination incorporated in international institutions. Building on the state theory of Nicos Poulantzas and the diagnosis of Joachim Hirsch towards an "Internationalisation of the state" an alternative approach is developed arguing that international institutions are "second order condensations" of social power relations. The case of the WTO-TRIPsagreement and the global conflicts around its revision is used to show the analytical strength of this approach.


Author(s):  
Yuta Abe ◽  
Yu-ichi Hayashi ◽  
Takaaki Mizuki ◽  
Hideaki Sone

AbstractIn card-based cryptography, designing AND protocols in committed format is a major research topic. The state-of-the-art AND protocol proposed by Koch, Walzer, and Härtel in ASIACRYPT 2015 uses only four cards, which is the minimum permissible number. The minimality of their protocol relies on somewhat complicated shuffles having non-uniform probabilities of possible outcomes. Restricting the allowed shuffles to uniform closed ones entails that, to the best of our knowledge, six cards are sufficient: the six-card AND protocol proposed by Mizuki and Sone in 2009 utilizes the random bisection cut, which is a uniform and cyclic (and hence, closed) shuffle. Thus, a question has arisen: “Can we improve upon this six-card protocol using only uniform closed shuffles?” In other words, the existence or otherwise of a five-card AND protocol in committed format using only uniform closed shuffles has been one of the most important open questions in this field. In this paper, we answer the question affirmatively by designing five-card committed-format AND protocols using only uniform cyclic shuffles. The shuffles that our protocols use are the random cut and random bisection cut, both of which are uniform cyclic shuffles and can be easily implemented by humans.


2021 ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Arsen Z. Yenikeev

The article reveals the topic of violence theory of the origin of state (theory of conquest) in the human sciences framework, as well as the studies of modern interdisciplinary researches (including anthropology, archeology, genetics, ethology, etc.). It is shown that with the further development of the methodological and theoretical part, the conquest theory has a relevant contribution to the analysis of the state genesis.


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