Soluble E-Selectin Measurement

Background: Lung cancer screening is a challenge. Sputum cytology, chest X-ray, low dose computed tomography and other screening methods have not proved to be very effective. Serum biomarkers are a new hope in screening of lung cancer. The present study was planned to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of serum levels of amyloid A (SAA), soluble E- selectin (sE-selectin) and soluble E-cadherin (sE-cadherin) as lung cancer biomarkers.Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study comprised of three groups with 20 subjects each of proven lung cancer cases, patients with non-malignant respiratory diseases and healthy controls. Levels of SAA, sE-selectin and sE-cadherin were measured by solid phase sandwich ELISA. Individual and collective sensitivity and specificity of these biomarkers was analysed and cut off values calculated by receiver operating curves.Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the median levels (ng/ml) of SAA in patients of lung cancer, other non-malignant respiratory diseases, and healthy controls, the levels (Mean±SD) being 24980.50±6564.14,9961.10±2000.24 and 580.95±334.94 respectively in the three groups. A sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 55% was found when SAA levels of 1068 ng/ml were taken as cut off for screening of lung cancer. However, no significant difference was found in the serum levels of sE selectin and sE cadherin between the three groups. Moreover, significant association of biomarkers could also not be established with lung cancer when they were used in combination.Conclusions: In this preliminary report from India, SAA has been found to be a promising biomarker in screening for lung cancer.

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Low-Dose Endotoxin Reduces Human Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Produces Procoagulant State

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.360-c ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 360-360

Author(s):

Maria Perez Barreto ◽

Glenn M Fischberg ◽

Annlia Paganini-Hill ◽

Yodchai Lapakulchai ◽

Sebastian F Ameriso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Endothelial Activation ◽

Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽

Breath Holding ◽

Inflammatory Stimulus ◽

Post Infusion ◽

Marked Decline ◽

Change In Mean ◽

Soluble E Selectin

P118 Stroke risk is increased in the presence of some infections. We studied potential mechanisms linking infections and stroke risk. We used endotoxin, a component of gram negative bacteria, as a standardized inflammatory stimulus. We infused low-dose endotoxin (1ng/kg) as a bolus in four healthy men, and analyzed cerebrovascular and hemostatic effects over 24 hours. We measured cerebral vasomotor reactivity, using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to calculate breath-holding index (BHI); the latter consists of the percent change of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity over time during breath holding. We also measured thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT, an index of thrombin generation), and soluble e-selectin (a marker of endothelial activation). Following infusion of endotoxin, there were substantial physiological changes primarily at three to six hours post-infusion. Temperature peaked at 100 °F (p<.05), with no significant change in mean arterial pressure. BHI showed maximum decline from 1.55 ± 0.88 to 0.33 ± 0.35 %/sec (p<.05). TAT levels increased from 3.0 ± 0.9 to 41.0 ± 21.1 ug/ml (p<.05). Soluble e-selectin levels increased from 66.6 ± 35.2 to 207.4 ± 78.9 ug/ml (p<.05). These findings indicate that a standardized low-dose inflammatory stimulus produces a marked decline in human cerebrovascular reactivity while simultaneously inducing a procoagulant state with endothelial activation . The reduction in cerebrovascular reactivity combined with a procoagulant state may contribute to increased stroke risk in this setting.

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