Dopaminergic Cell

Dangguijakyak-san (DJS), a famous traditional Korean multiherbal medicine, has been used to treat gynecological and neuro-associated disease. Recent studies demonstrated that DJS has multiple bioactivities including neuroprotection. In the present study, we were to investigate the effect of DJS and its mechanism in anin vitroandin vivomodel of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In primary mesencephalic culture system, DJS attenuated the dopaminergic cell damage induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine toxicity, and it inhibited production of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and activation of microglial cells. Then, we confirmed the effect of DJS in a mouse PD model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). In the pole test, DJS at 50 mg/kg/day for 5 days showed increase of motor activity showing shortened time to turn and locomotor activity compared with the MPTP only treated mice. In addition, DJS significantly protected nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron from MPTP stress. Moreover, DJS showed inhibition of gliosis in the substantia nigra pars compacta. These results have therapeutic implications for DJS in the treatment of PD via anti-inflammatory effects.

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Dopaminergic Cell Models

Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience ◽

10.1007/978-1-4614-6675-8_86 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1034-1042

Author(s):

Alexey Kuznetsov ◽

Boris Gutkin

Keyword(s):

Cell Models ◽

Dopaminergic Cell

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The Sphingolipid Asset Is Altered in the Nigrostriatal System of Mice Models of Parkinson’s Disease

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom12010093 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Victor Blokhin ◽

Maria Shupik ◽

Ulyana Gutner ◽

Ekaterina Pavlova ◽

Albert T. Lebedev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽

Nigrostriatal System ◽

Dopaminergic Cell ◽

Metabolism Enzymes ◽

Clinical Stages ◽

Sphingosine 1 Phosphate

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease incurable due to late diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, one of the priorities of neurology is to study the mechanisms of PD pathogenesis at the preclinical and early clinical stages. Given the important role of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, we aimed to analyze the gene expression of key sphingolipid metabolism enzymes (ASAH1, ASAH2, CERS1, CERS3, CERS5, GBA1, SMPD1, SMPD2, UGCG) and the content of 32 sphingolipids (subspecies of ceramides, sphingomyelins, monohexosylceramides and sphinganine, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate) in the nigrostriatal system in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse models of the preclinical and clinical stages of PD. It has been shown that in PD models, the expression of five of the nine studied genes (CERS1, CERS5, ASAH1, ASAH2, and GBA1) increases but only in the substantia nigra (SN) containing dopaminergic cell bodies. Changes in the expression of enzyme genes were accompanied by an increase in the content of 7 of the 32 studied sphingolipids. Such findings suggest these genes as attractive candidates for diagnostic purposes for preclinical and clinical stages of PD.

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Astaxanthin attenuates neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v7i8.352 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 562 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. Grimmig ◽

L. Daly ◽

C. Hudson ◽

K.R. Nash ◽

P.C. Bickford

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Microglial Activation ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Control Diet ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Immunohistochemical Detection ◽

Dopaminergic Cell ◽

The Central Nervous System

Background: Astaxanthin (AXT) is a natural carotenoid with diverse biological activities. Although it is best known as a potent antioxidant, recent work suggests additional mechanisms of action that have the potential to oppose the ongoing pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). For example, AXT has a putative role in modulating microglial activity and preserving mitochondrial function, thereby implicating this compound as a neuroprotective agent. Both oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we examined the efficacy for AXT to reduced neurotoxicity in a toxic model of PD in mice. Methods: In this study, we used a 4-week dietary supplementation of algae derived AXT to reduce 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced dopaminergic cell death.Results: AXT treated mice were protected against the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining in the substantia nigra (SN) after MPTP exposure compared to the control diet. This effect of preserved TH immunoreactivity was also observed in the striatum. Furthermore, AXT administration was able to interrupt the neuroinflammatory process known to contribute to neurodegeneration in this model.Conclusions: We demonstrate that AXT neuroprotection was associated with attenuated microglial activation as indicated by reduced immunohistochemical detection of IBA-1 in the SN and striatum of AXT treated mice. Altogether, these studies suggest that AXT has neuroprotective property in the central nervous system against MPTP neurodegeneration.Keywords: Astaxanthin, Neuroprotection, Neurodegeneration, Neuroinflammation, Parkinson’s disease

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