scholarly journals Is it of any positive being COVID-19 positive?: Cross-protection hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muath Alser
Keyword(s):  
Cross Protection

RT-PCR-RFLP analysis for evaluating cross protection by an attenuated isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko Nakazono-Nagaoka ◽  
Masako Suzuki ◽  
Yoshitaka Kosaka ◽  
Tomohide Natsuaki
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Attenuated Isolate

scholarly journals Effects of Amoxicillin Subinhibitory Concentrations on the Cross-Protection Developed by Pneumococcal Antibodies in Mouse Sepsis Caused by an Amoxicillin-Resistant Serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae Strain

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 4144-4147 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tarragó ◽  
L. Aguilar ◽  
M. J. Giménez ◽  
A. Fenoll ◽  
J. Casal
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Hyperimmune Serum ◽  
Serum Peak ◽  
Null Value ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Antibiotic Efficacy

ABSTRACT A model of mouse sepsis caused by a serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae strain (amoxicillin MIC of 8 μg/ml) was developed to investigate the therapeutic effect of an amoxicillin dose (3.12 mg/kg of body weight three times daily for 48 h) producing, over the whole treatment period, subinhibitory concentrations in serum (peak concentration [C max]: 6.1 μg/ml) in animals that prior to infection had been passively immunized with a 6B or 23F hyperimmune serum (obtained by immunization with a whole-cell heat-inactivated inoculum and diluted to produce no protective effect by itself). Mortality in nonimmunized animals treated with antibiotic (3.12 mg/kg) was 90%, and mortality in animals immunized but not treated with the antibiotic was 100%. Antibiotic treatment in immunized animals produced mortality rates ≤20% when the hyperimmune serum was used, thus showing cross-protection and synergism (defined as the situation in which there is no response to the single agents [no differences versus placebo] while the combination exhibits significant activity) with subinhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic. The presence of antipneumococcal antibodies allowed antibiotic efficacy with negligible values of pharmacodynamic parameters (C max/MIC ratio of <1 and thus a null value for the time that serum levels exceed the MIC). This in vivo synergism offers a potential therapeutic strategy against resistant strains.

scholarly journals Live Attenuated African Swine Fever Viruses as Ideal Tools to Dissect the Mechanisms Involved in Cross-Protection

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lopez ◽  
Juanita van Heerden ◽  
Laia Bosch-Camós ◽  
Francesc Accensi ◽  
Maria Jesus Navas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Genotype Ii

African swine fever (ASF) has become the major threat for the global swine industry. Furthermore, the epidemiological situation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in some endemic regions of Sub-Saharan Africa is worse than ever, with multiple virus strains and genotypes currently circulating in a given area. Despite the recent advances on ASF vaccine development, there are no commercial vaccines yet, and most of the promising vaccine prototypes available today have been specifically designed to fight the genotype II strains currently circulating in Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Previous results from our laboratory have demonstrated the ability of BA71∆CD2, a recombinant LAV lacking CD2v, to confer protection against homologous (BA71) and heterologous genotype I (E75) and genotype II (Georgia2007/01) ASFV strains, both belonging to same clade (clade C). Here, we extend these results using BA71∆CD2 as a tool trying to understand ASFV cross-protection, using phylogenetically distant ASFV strains. We first observed that five out of six (83.3%) of the pigs immunized once with 106 PFU of BA71∆CD2 survived the tick-bite challenge using Ornithodoros sp. soft ticks naturally infected with RSA/11/2017 strain (genotype XIX, clade D). Second, only two out of six (33.3%) survived the challenge with Ken06.Bus (genotype IX, clade A), which is phylogenetically more distant to BA71∆CD2 than the RSA/11/2017 strain. On the other hand, homologous prime-boosting with BA71∆CD2 only improved the survival rate to 50% after Ken06.Bus challenge, all suffering mild ASF-compatible clinical signs, while 100% of the pigs immunized with BA71∆CD2 and boosted with the parental BA71 virulent strain survived the lethal challenge with Ken06.Bus, without almost no clinical signs of the disease. Our results confirm that cross-protection is a multifactorial phenomenon that not only depends on sequence similarity. We believe that understanding this complex phenomenon will be useful for designing future vaccines for ASF-endemic areas.

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